混流式喷水推进泵三元设计及数值试验

为了快速、准确地设计出高质量喷水推进泵,采用三元反问题计算与正问题计算相互迭代的方法对某混流式喷水推进泵进行了设计.基于三元的方法对喷水推进泵叶轮进行设计,把叶轮内的三维流动分解为周向平均流动和周向脉动流动,周向平均流动方程直接由三维Euler方程作周向平均导出,周向脉动流动由Clebsch变换建立起控制方程;用置于叶片中心面上的涡来代替叶片对流场的作用,而叶片形状以满足流动边界条件迭代确定.用考虑流体粘性的雷诺时均方法(RANS)对所设计泵进行数值试验,计算结果表明:所设计泵在设计点效率达到90.5%,设计转速下喷泵NPSHr远小于设计指标,并且在较宽的流量范围内具有良好的水力性能,验证了设计方法的准确性和有效性.     

轴流式喷水推进泵水力设计和性能检验

基于Matlab-Simulink建立了一套轴流式喷水推进泵计算机辅助设计(CAD)程序(其中叶轮采用升力法设计,导叶采用流线法设计),实现了其水力设计参数的快速选择与计算,直接得到了叶片流面的空间坐标,可方便进行三维几何造型.采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,通过建立计算域、划分高质量结构化网格、定义边界条件、数值计算...     

混流式喷水推进器水动力性能的数字模拟

针对混流式喷水推进器采用数值方法研究其流体动力性能并分析内部流场特性。采用全结构化网格离散计算区域,应用k-ε和k-ω相结合的SST湍流模型来封闭控制方程,采用全隐式多区域网格耦合求解。根据流场计算结果对转速-功率,转速-扬程,转速-效率特性进行了预报,并对内流场的流线和叶片表面压力分布作了详细分析。其中,预报的转速-功率特性与厂家试验结果比较,误差在2%以内。说明研究采用的模型和计算方法具有较好的可信性和较高的计算精度。     

混流泵叶轮叶片设计方法

提出了混流泵水力设计方法，对混流泵设计具有实际指导意义。     

混流式喷水推进器的性能试验与数值计算

为了综合检验SD-HGD266新型混流式喷水推进器的性能,进行了喷水推进器的台架性能试验、装船试航和数值计算.制作了实尺的喷水推进器样机进行台架性能试验,测量所得的3组数据集中性强.采用分块结构化网格离散数值模型计算域,选用SST湍流模型封闭雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程,采用SIMPLE算法对喷水推进器内流场进行数值模拟,计算得到的台架性能曲线与试验结果吻合较好.采用壁面积分法获取了装船喷水推进器的等转速推进特性曲线,通过与船阻力曲线叠加求交点进行航速预报,航速预报值与实船试航值最大偏差为2.68％.结果表明,该型喷水推进器达到了设计要求,数值计算可在喷水推进器的水力设计与性能分析中发挥重要作用,为喷水推进船最终达到预期航速奠定基础.     

喷水推进器推进性能曲线的两种表示方法

针对目前喷水推进器推进性能的表示方法较单一,指导船舶操纵不够便捷的现状,阐述了喷水推进器等功率线形式和等转速线形式推进性能曲线以及这2种表示方法的特点和各自的适用场合,并基于喷水推进基本理论和喷水推进泵外特性数据以原理框图的形式描述了2种形式性能曲线的求取方法.通过研究认为,等功率线形式的推进性能曲线更适用于喷水推进器选型,而等转速线形式的推进性能曲线用于指导喷水推进船的操纵使用或用于描述采用计算流体力学数值计算得到的推进性能时更加方便.     

基于叶片载荷分布的离心泵叶轮水力性能优化

载荷分布是三元反问题设计中的关键参数,为分析叶片载荷分布规律对离心泵叶轮水力性能和气蚀性能的影响,采用软件CFX对叶轮a、b和c 3种不同叶片载荷方式的离心泵叶轮内流场进行数值模拟。由分析结果可知:不同叶片载荷对离心泵叶轮外特性存在较大影响,外特性性能最好的是叶轮b,但其吸力面进口处静压值最小,外特性性能其次的为叶轮a,其吸力面进口处静压值最大,所以在兼顾离心泵叶轮效率与气蚀性能的条件下,优化出最佳载荷分布方式为叶轮a,即外特性和气蚀性最好,在其最佳载荷的基础上对其载荷分布再次进行优化可知:叶轮a-3的载荷分布水力性能和气蚀性能较好。分析结果为离心泵叶轮三元反设计提供一定参考。     

Multi-parameter optimization design,numerical simulation and performance test of mixed-flow pump impeller

On the basis of the three-dimensional design platform of the mixed-flow pump impellers, an optimization design system was developed in this paper by improving the genetic algorithm with application of both strategies of keeping the optimal individual and employing the niche. This system took the highest efficiency of the impeller as the optimization objective and employed P, a0 , △θh and △θt , which could directly affect the shape and the position of the blade, as optimization parameters. In addition, loss model was used to obtain fast and accurate prediction of the impeller efficiency. The optimization results illustrated that this system had advantages such as high accuracy and fine convergence, thus to effectively improve the design of the mixed-flow pump impellers. Numerical simulation was applied to determine the internal flow fields of the impeller obtained by optimization design, and to analyze both the relative velocity and the pressure distributions. The test results demonstrated that the mixed flow pump had the highest efficiency of 87.2%, the wide and flat high efficiency operation zone, the relatively wide range of blade angle adjustment, fine cavitation performance and satisfied stability.     

Effects of blade rotation angle deviations on mixed-flow pump hydraulic performance

By model test and numerical simulation,this paper analyzed the effects of different blades with varying rotation angle deviations on the hydraulic performance of a mixed-flow pump.It was found that when some blades had rotation angle deviations,the hydraulic performance curves of the mixed-flow pump would move.With a positive deviation,the curves moved towards the large flow rate;with a negative deviation,the curves moved towards the small flow rate.When some blades had rotation angle deviations,the symmetry and uniformity of the pressure distribution inside the mixed-flow pump flow passage both decreased;the larger the deviation,the greater the decrease.When a single blade had a large rotation angle deviation,a rather clear low pressure area was formed,lowering the cavitation performance.When two adjacent blades changed simultaneously,under the small flow rate condition,adverse pressure gradient and flow separation occurred in the flow field,and a hump appeared in the head curve and the operation stability of the mixed-flow pump dropped significantly.Near the best efficiency point(BEP),the simultaneous change of two alternate blades produced a more significant change of pressure in the flow passage,with an even larger area.Compared to the effect of two adjacent blades,two alternate blades,when changed simultaneously,made the mixed-flow pump slightly less efficient,but with a flatter efficiency curve and relatively wider high efficiency area.By fitting the test results,a functional relation among the BEP of the mixed-flow pump QBEP,the number of deviated blades N,and blade rotation angle deviationαwas established,thus realizing an effective prediction of the BEP of the mixed-flow pump when blade rotation angles have deviations.By model test and numerical simulation,this paper analyzed the effects of different blades with varying rotation angle deviations on the hydraulic performance of a mixed-flow pump.It was found that when some blades had rotation angle deviations,the hydraulic performance curves of the mixed-flow pump would move.With a positive deviation,the curves moved towards the large flow rate;with a negative deviation,the curves moved towards the small flow rate.When some blades had rotation angle deviations,the symmetry and uniformity of the pressure distribution inside the mixed-flow pump flow passage both decreased;the larger the deviation,the greater the decrease.When a single blade had a large rotation angle deviation,a rather clear low pressure area was formed,lowering the cavitation performance.When two adjacent blades changed simultaneously,under the small flow rate condition,adverse pressure gradient and flow separation occurred in the flow field,and a hump appeared in the head curve and the operation stability of the mixed-flow pump dropped significantly.Near the best efficiency point(BEP),the simultaneous change of two alternate blades produced a more significant change of pressure in the flow passage,with an even larger area.Compared to the effect of two adjacent blades,two alternate blades,when changed simultaneously,made the mixed-flow pump slightly less efficient,but with a flatter efficiency curve and relatively wider high efficiency area.By fitting the test results,a functional relation among the BEP of the mixed-flow pump QBEP,the number of deviated blades N,and blade rotation angle deviationαwas established,thus realizing an effective prediction of the BEP of the mixed-flow pump when blade rotation angles have deviations.     

CFD在船舶喷水推进器设计与性能分析中的应用

为进一步深入研究喷水推进器的性能,讨论了计算流体力学作为一种先进手段在喷水推进器设计和性能分析中的应用.通过求解雷诺时均的控制方程,计算了某喷水推进泵和"喷水推进器 船体"的流场.利用计算流体力学(CFD)的后处理技术,分析了喷水推进泵的流动特点,发现了泵设计的不足并提出了可改进之处.CFD方法分析"喷水推进器 船体"流动特性比传统理论方法更准确、细致、方便.借助CFD工具,可在模型试验之前对喷水推进器的设计进行深入分析和优化设计,还可完成性能预报.     

Multi-objective optimization of a mixed-flow pump impeller using modified NSGA-II algorithm

In order to maintain a uniform distribution of pareto-front solutions, a modified NSGA-II algorithm coupled with a dynamic crowding distance(DCD) method is proposed for the multi-objective optimization of a mixed-flow pump impeller. With the pump meridional section fixed, ten variables along the shroud and hub are selected to control the blade load by using a three-dimensional inverse design method. Hydraulic efficiency, along with impeller head, is applied as an optimization objective; and a radial basis neural network(RBNN) is adopted to approximate the objective function with 82 training samples. Local sensitivity analysis shows that decision variables have different impacts on the optimization objectives. Instead of randomly selecting one solution to implement, a technique for ordering preferences by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) is introduced to select the best compromise solution(BCS) from pareto-front sets. The proposed method is applied to optimize the baseline model, i.e. a mixed- flow waterjet pump whose specific speed is 508 min?1?m3s?1?m. The performance of the waterjet pump was experimentally tested. Compared with the baseline model, the optimized impeller has a better hydraulic efficiency of 92% as well as a higher impeller head at the design operation point. Furthermore, the off-design performance is improved with a wider highefficiency operation range. After optimization, velocity gradients on the suction surface are smoother and flow separations are eliminated at the blade inlet part. Thus, the authors believe the proposed method is helpful for optimizing the mixed-flow pumps.     

HW型农用混流泵立式安装技术

在HW型混流泵站的技术改造中,应用HW型混流泵立式安装技术获得了良好的经济效益和社会效益.为了更好地推广应用该项技术,提高安装质量,确保机组安全和经济运行,从安装装置、泵体安装到现场安装,分析阐述了HW型农用混流泵立式安装规程.     

Experimental study of the effect of blade tip clearance and blade angle error on the performance of mixed-flow pump

The hydraulic performance test of the mixed-flow pump has been carried out through selecting different blade tip clearances and various blade angle errors.The ratio of the mixed-flow pump efficiency reduction and the blade tip clearance variation(η/δ) varies with the flow rate coefficient revealing a parabolic trend.An empirical equation has been developed for the mixed-flow pump model by parabolic fitting.For the same blade tip clearance variation δ,the mixed-flow pump efficiency reduction η increases rapidly as the flow rate rises.For any given flow rate,the efficiency,the head and the shaft power of the mixed-flow pump all decrease with the increase of the blade tip clearance.Among them,the efficiency reduction η varies approximately linearly with the blade tip clearance variation δ.When the angle of an individual blade of the mixed-flow pump has a deviation,the performance curves will move and change.These curves have consistent change directions with the performance curves under the condition of all the blades rotated at the same time,but have smaller offset and lower range of variation.When an individual blade angle error changes to ±2°,the optimal efficiency of the mixed-flow pump will have no significant difference.When the individual blade angle error increases to ±4°,the optimal efficiency will decrease by 1%.