认知无线网络中一种新的频谱共享方法

频谱共享是认知无线网络关键技术之一。为消除认知无线网络中频率选择性信道下授权主用户与认知用户间的相互干扰,本文提出了一种新的频谱共享方法。该方法充分利用了无线通信系统中由信道的频率选择性衰落导致的不同用户信道的不相关性,通过求解矩阵方程获得预处理矩阵的通解,并在主用户和认知用户发射端分别进行预处理。从而实现认知系统中主用户与认知用户之间的相互零干扰,并使每个用户都可有效地传输数据。理论推导及系统仿真均表明,新方法可以有效地消除授权主用户与认知用户之间的双向干扰,实现不同用户平等地共享无线频谱资源。新方法可以提高频谱的利用率,一定程度上缓解无线频谱资源在当前及未来无线通信领域日益紧缺的矛盾。而且新方法也同样适用于不同认知用户之间共享频谱。      

认知无线电网络中基于主系统有限反馈的频谱共享方案

摘 要：提出一种频谱共享方案,该方案适用于同时存在多个主用户和一对次用户的场景。各主用户依据接收机反馈的有限信道质量信息（CQI, channel quality information）分配发送功率及传输速率。次用户根据偷听到的主系统CQI有限反馈,以适当的功率及速率接入信道。次用户接入信道的行为对各主用户造成一定干扰,以致主系统传输速率遭受一定损失。本文在主系统速率损失约束条件下,研究得出了使次系统吞吐量最大化的次用户发送功率及传输速率最佳分配方案。数值结果表明,对于每个主用户仅需反馈3-4个量化比特,次系统的有效吞吐量就可堪比于主次发射端均拥有主系统链路完整CQI的情况。仿真结果显示,所提出的频谱共享方案能够满足主系统速率损失约束。     

星载GPS接收机射频前端设计与实现

为适应星载GPS接收机的多普勒高动态范围、强射频干扰信号的空间环境,分析了射频前端的结构及MAX2769的结构特点和工作原理,利用MAX2769及少量外围电路设计实现了一种星载GPS接收机射频前端方案。测试表明,射频前端输出的数字中频信号符合设计要求,可用于基带信号处理模块,实现卫星信号捕获。其集成度高,性能优越,价格合理,适合航天工业应用。     

非理想信道感知下的频谱共享容量的理论分析

在现有的以理想信道感知为条件的机会频谱共享容量分析基础上,重点讨论非理想感知对机会频谱共享中次用户信道容量的影响。关注两条不同传输途径的信道,一条是从次用户发送端到次用户接收端的无线信道,另一条是次用户发送端到主用户接收端的无线信道。以主用户接收端功率受限作为约束条件,得到了关于非理想信道信号噪声比条件下机会频谱共享的次用户信道容量的关系表达式。首先分析次用户发送端到主用户接收端信道和次用户发送端到次用户接收端信道为非对称时次用户的信道容量,其次分别探讨不同衰落信道模型下两条信道上感知（包括信道估计和预测）误差为对称和非对称结果时,次用户信道容量的变化。     

一种外场VHF频段宽带RCS测量接收机设计

基于外场VHF频段目标特性测量需求,设计一种外场VHF频段宽带RCS测量接收机。该接收机采用预选滤波法提高了接收前端选择性,抑制射频干扰信号,同时设计频率关系,实现宽带信号接收,在后续信号处理中采用相参积累法进一步抑制射频干扰及接收机噪声,提高接收机灵敏度,实现大动态范围信号接收。通过外场试验验证,实测结果与理论仿真结果吻合较好,验证了该设计方案的可行性。     

衰落信道下基于接收机信标感知的频谱共享

理想的主、次系统频谱共享应尽量使次级用户发射机与主用户接收机处于互为对方的保护边界和干扰边界的临界状态。本文基于此临界状态对信标感知灵敏度和次级用户发射功率的要求,通过分析信道衰落和双向信道非对称性引起的临界干扰概率,首次针对基于接收机信标感知的频谱共享方法,给出了衰落信道下满足主用户干扰约束的次级用户发射功率约束机制。针对单个工作频段存在多个主用户接收机的（广播）场景,以距次级用户发射机最近的主用户接收机为干扰保护目标,通过分析信标的多个衰落副本的累积作用对信标感知的影响,进一步给出了这种场景下的次级用户发射功率约束与主用户临界干扰概率的关系。      

一种适合WCDMA上行链路的多径搜索算法

RAKE接收机可以有效的对通过多径信道的扩频信号进行分集接收,所以在WCDMA等无线通信系统里得到了广泛的应用。在RAKE接收机进行最大比合并之前,需要对多径进行搜索,多径搜索非常关键,直接关系到接收机的性能。在本文将介绍一种多径搜索的方法,该方法就是根据干扰信号的统计特性,动态的设定一个门限值,以此为参考进行相应的多径选择。通过该方法可以有效地提高RAKE接收机的性能。     

多天线频谱共享认知网络保密中断概率分析

针对单输入多输出认知无线电网络,研究了瑞利衰落信道下采用最大比合并时保密中断性能。在所研究的系统中,次用户发射机发送机密信息给另一个次用户接收机,次用户接收机配备多个天线并且采用最大比例合并多个接收信号。同时,拥有多个天线窃听者也采用最大比合并方案偷听次用户发射机和次用户接收机之间传送的信息。频谱共享下次用户发射机工作时必须保证主用户的服务质量。推导了保密中断概率的精确表达式,分析了系统保密中断概率渐近性能。仿真结果验证了分析的正确性。     

混合频谱共享方式下多用户动态频谱分配算法

为解决混合overlay/underlay频谱共享方式下多用户动态频谱分配问题,构建了混合频谱共享方式下动态频谱分配模型,提出了基于Q学习的多用户动态频谱分配算法. 该算法在不对主用户产生有害干扰的前提下,以最大化次用户总吞吐量为目标,构建了与次用户相对应的虚拟次用户作为智能体. 通过与环境交互学习,进行信道和共享方式初选;频谱分配系统根据冲突情况和各智能体的学习结果调整信道分配策略直至次用户间无冲突. 仿真结果表明,该算法在无信道检测和信道先验知识的条件下,能根据前一时隙信道状态和次用户传输速率需求,实现动态信道分配和频谱共享方式确定,避免次用户间冲突,减少主次用户间冲突,有效提升次用户总吞吐量.     

基于主动频谱感知接入的认知无线电台研究

讨论了所研制的工作于30-512 MHz的基于主动频谱感知接入的认知无线电台。该电台实现了认知无线电动态频谱接入最为关键的几大功能：频谱感知、频谱会合、频谱监视,以及频谱切换。试验结果表明,该电台具备在不依赖于公共控制信道的情况下自动寻找空闲信道建立链路的能力,也具备在当前通信信道上出现主用户信号或其他干扰信号时自动切换到其他空闲信道上继续通信的能力,为认知无线电技术的实用化提供了很好的借鉴。     

导航接收机跟踪环路电磁干扰的预测方法研究

针对复杂战场电磁环境下,导航接收机因电磁干扰而引起内部卫星跟踪丢失的现象,该文研究了导航接收机跟踪环路在面临带内和带外双频干扰时的效应预测模型。通过对接收机射频前端的阻塞机理分析,以矢量分析的方法推导了射频前端信号的增益公式,并结合接收机跟踪环路相关处理的过程,得到了带外和带内双频干扰下的效应预测模型。之后以载噪比门限值为失锁判据,开展了双频干扰效应试验,试验结果表明上述模型能够对接收机内部卫星跟踪的状态进行预测,预测误差小于±1 dB,且对于窄带和宽带干扰信号同样适用。     

提高接收机无虚假响应动态范围的研究

复杂的电磁环境要求侦察接收机同时具有高的灵敏度和高的动态范围,侦察接收机中的虚假响应制约着接收机动态范围的提高。侦察接收机中的射频模拟前端由放大器、滤波器及混频器等多级模块构成,其产生的虚假响应是实现大动态接收机的技术瓶颈之一。工程上要有效提高接收系统的无虚假响应动态范围,需要针对接收机射频模拟前端采取优化系统设计、采用高性能器件、提高线性度等很多措施。     

软件无线电跳频电台接收机射频前端设计

基于软件无线电的基本要求和发展趋势,提出了一种应用在软件无线电跳频电台中接收机射频前端电路结构,分析了接收机射频前端的总体设计方案,包括前端各部分增益的分配、动态范围的分配、噪声系数及灵敏度的计算,讨论了对器件选择的考虑.实际测试结果表明,该射频前端性能指标满足设计要求.     

Relaxing pre-selector filter selectivity requirements using cognitive RF front-end control

This paper proposes the use of a cognitive engine to control the local oscillator and sampling frequencies in a flexible receiver RF front-end. The analysis in this paper shows that this cognitive engine has the potential to relax selectivity requirement of the pre-selector filter in receiver RF front-end. The cognitive engine is designed by modeling the RF front-end in channelized spectrum domain. The paper also develops a new spectrum occupancy model to evaluate the performance of the approach. Theoretical analysis and simulations are also carried out using the developed model. The results show that the designed cognitive engine can enable a poorly selective receiver to behave similar to highly selective receiver. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the computational complexity of the designed cognitive engine.     

宽带数字接收机射频前端电路设计

宽带数字接收机在无线电频谱管理领域内具有重要的应用,其中射频前端电路指标对整机设备性能的影响显著。文中介绍了一种射频前端电路通用的设计方案,重点分析了各射频器件性能指标对接收机链路的影响,以及对无线电监测与测向结果的影响。最终提出了改进电路拓扑结构设计的措施与办法,并给出了基于该设计思路的具体工程应用实例,取得了良好的应用效果。     

Design and measurements of a RF front-end for Bi-band simultaneous reception

In this paper, we explore spectrum field band simultaneous receivers, with a special emphasis on only one aspect of these systems – the radio front-end. We propose, to validate in the lab, a receiver scheme for the simultaneous down-conversion of two signals in different bands. Obviously, the dedicated scheme is intended for practical use in an integrated circuit. In this work, the chosen receiver is implemented with discrete components. A test set is evaluated and compared to simulations; it contains mostly standard lab equipment, processing signals, according to the receiver scheme; this receiver presents merits and it is worth demonstrating in an integrated circuit.In order to give credit to the use of this type of receiver, the EDA model and results have to be validated by measurement. Therefore, based on the receiver architecture dedicated to an 802.11/UMTS simultaneous dual-channel processing, we design and fabricate a prototype. Firstly, we measure the intrinsic metrics of this prototype in terms of noise figure, gain, linearity, phase and gain mismatch between the two branches of the quadrature mounted mixers. In the present work, we demonstrate that, for instance, as NF and IIP3 change with the RF front-end gain with the improvement of the RF front-end performance, the linearity and the noise requirements are well handled. Afterwards, these metrics are injected in the EDA receiver model and simulations are done in order to evaluate the BER evolution.     

A System Level Energy Model and Energy-Quality Evaluation for Integrated Transceiver Front-Ends

As CMOS technology scales down, digital supply voltage and digital power consumption goes down. However, the supply voltage and power consumption of the RF front-end and analog sections do not scale in a similar fashion. In fact, in many state-of-the-art communication transceivers, RF and analog sections can consume more energy compared to the digital part. In this paper, first, a system level energy model for all the components in the RF and analog front-end is presented. Next, the RF and analog front-end energy consumption and communication quality of three representative systems are analyzed: a single user point-to-point wireless data communication system, a multi-user code division multiple access (CDMA)-based system and a receive-only video distribution system. For the single user system, the effect of occupied signal bandwidth, peak-to-average ratio (PAR), symbol rate, constellation size, and pulse-shaping filter roll-off factor is analyzed; for the CDMA-based multi-user system, the effect of the number of users in the cell and multiple access interference (MAI) along with the PAR and filter roll-off factor is studied; for the receive-only system, the effect of 1/f noise for direct-conversion receiver and the effect of IF frequency for low-IF architecture on the RF front-end power consumption is analyzed. For a given communication quality specification, it is shown that the energy consumption of a wireless communication front-end can be scaled down by adjusting parameters such as the pulse shaping filter roll-off factor, constellation size, symbol rate, number of users in the cell, and signal center frequency     

An adaptive weaver architecture radio with spectrum sensing capabilities to relax RF component requirements

This paper presents an architecture that utilizes spectrum sensing with a Weaver architecture receiver to ease the requirements on the RF front-end components. With the ability to sense the environment, large interferers that overwhelm small desired signals can be avoided. The learning and adapting capabilities are enabled by means of a flexible receiver architecture employing variable local oscillators (LOs) at RF and intermediate frequency (IF). Avoiding large interferers can reduce image rejection ratio (IRR) requirements for a given performance and results in a greater tolerance to the Q of filters and receiver mismatches. The design approach is applied to an IEEE 802.11a receiver and the results show that for a given performance level, the proposed design requires an IRR that is 40 dB less than that required for conventional Weaver receivers     

Interference to DTTV reception by first adjacent channels

Planning for digital terrestrial television (DTTV) service in a crowded spectrum requires that power limits be placed on all adjacent channels, and in particular on first adjacent channels. Realistic power limits based on intermodulation products generated at the receiver by the desired and undesired signals are proposed. The proposed limits are a function of the fundamental power in the desired and undesired channels and the receiver's 3rd order Intercept Point (IP/sub 3/). The analysis shows that in many markets present Desired/Undesired (D/U) ratios underestimate the expected interference from strong signals, and that the receiver's IP/sub 3/ should be at least 16 dBm for the dynamic range expected in the U.S. Additional improvement can be attained by minimizing the sideband splatter generated by the transmitter of the first adjacent channel and by designing a "smart" front-end receiver.     

基于空间位置的混合频谱共享系统功率分配研究简

针对次用户空间位置分布的随机性,提出空域混合Overlay/Underlay频谱共享模型以提高无线频谱利用率。根据次用户在不同空间位置对主用户的干扰,在主用户干扰容限约束下推导出次用户工作于Overlay状态和Underlay状态的空间区域;以最大化系统容量为准则建立认知系统功率优化分配模型,推导出次用户的最优功率分配方案,进而得到认知系统可获得的最大容量;理论和仿真结果表明,基于空间位置的混合频谱共享系统可以获得比Overlay系统更高的容量。