超声作用联合纳米腐植酸处理苯酚废水

采用静态吸附法研究了超声联合纳米腐植酸处理苯酚废水;用红外光谱（FT－IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、比表面积测试仪（BET）对纳米腐植酸的粒径大小、形貌、比表面积及孔径等指标进行表征,结果表明：纳米腐植酸粒度分布均匀,平均粒径为50nm,比表面积为110．31m^2／g,孔径为6．56nm;考察了苯酚初始浓度、纳米腐植酸用量、超声声强及频率等因素对纳米腐植酸和超声作用协同处理苯酚废水的最佳工艺条件。     

超声在β-环糊精处理苯酚废水中的应用研究

研究了在超声辅助条件下β-环糊精(β-CD)处理含酚(苯酚)废水的吸附规律和处理苯酚废水的最佳工艺条件:超声频率20 k Hz,超声声强0.2 W/cm2,苯酚初始浓度100 mg/L,p H为6.0,溶液体积100 m L,反应温度40℃,吸附时间240 min,β-CD用量40 g/L,去除率最高达到1.28 mg/g,比单独使用环糊精提高0.26 mg/g。     

超声协同交联β -环糊精处理苯酚废水

环糊精因其特殊的结构特点,尤其是经过交联剂改性的交联β-环糊精（MDI-β-CD）,可以处理与其空腔尺寸匹配的苯酚污染物,具有更好的处理苯酚废水的能力。为进一步提高MDI-β-CD处理苯酚废水的效果,研究其在超声协同条件下的废水处理能力和适合工况。通过对MDI-β-CD用量、废水pH值、废水浓度、超声声强和频率的研究,找到处理苯酚废水的适合工艺条件：超声频率20 kHz,超声声强0.2 W/cm2,苯酚初始浓度100 mg/L,pH值6.0,溶液体积100 mL,反应温度40 ℃,吸附时间120 min,MDI-β-CD用量40 g/L;在此条件下,MDI-β-CD与超声协同处理苯酚废水吸附效率可以达到94.1%。     

利用环糊精处理含酚废水的研究

文章利用β-环糊精(β-CD)的结构和性能对含苯酚废水进行处理,通过实验考查了吸附时间、pH、温度、用量、废液浓度等因素对吸附率的影响,得出实验的最佳工艺条件为:吸附时间为240 min,pH为5~7,β-CD用量为4 g/L,苯酚初始浓度为100 mg/L,吸附温度40℃,最高吸附率可以达到42.5%。进一步研究在30℃条件下,β-CD吸附苯酚废水过程符合Freundlieh吸附模型。     

Zr/Ti柱撑蒙脱石的制备及对硝基苯的吸附

为了解决硝基苯的水体污染问题,将锆/钛聚合羟基阳离子插入到钠基蒙脱石(Na-MMT)层间,制备锆/钛柱撑蒙脱石(Zr/Ti-MMT)材料,并用于吸附废水中硝基苯。用X射线衍射、Fourier红外光谱仪及比表面积测量对Zr/Ti-MMT材料进行表征,并考察了Zr/Ti-MMT材料对废水中硝基苯的吸附效果。结果表明:Zr/Ti-MMT主要以窄缝型介孔和微孔为主,晶面间距d_((001))为3.29 nm,比表面积为115.4 m~2/g,平均孔径为4.35 nm。当Zr/Ti-MMT用量为0.1 g、硝基苯初始浓度为40 mg/L、温度为45℃,硝基苯去除率最高,吸附量(q_e)和去除率分别为17.59 mg/g和87.94%。Zr/Ti-MMT对硝基苯的吸附过程以物理吸附方式为主,符合Langmuir等温线模型。Zr/Ti-MMT材料吸附硝基苯属于自发的吸热熵增的过程,符合一级动力学。     

纳米TiO_2的水解法制备及吸附性能

以硫酸钛为前驱体,水解法制备纳米TiO2,用XRD、SEM、BET手段进行表征。考察了制备方法、硫酸钛浓度、水解温度、干燥温度、分散剂PVA浓度及搅拌作用对纳米二氧化钛吸附As(Ⅴ)的影响,得到水解法制备纳米TiO2的最佳条件,并进一步考察了As(Ⅴ)溶液pH、吸附动力学和初始浓度对纳米TiO2吸附性能的影响。结果表明,水解温度为80℃、煅烧温度100℃、硫酸钛浓度为0.2 mol/L,pH 6.0,初始As(Ⅴ)100 mg/L时纳米TiO2颗粒物对As(Ⅴ)的吸附量可达到89.28 mg/g。XRD衍射表明,所制备的TiO2为锐钛矿型,SEM表明其平均粒径小于20 nm,BET表明比表面积为167 m2/g。     

超声波改性强化Mn/AC催化臭氧化降解苯酚效能分析

为提高臭氧氧化降解含酚废水的效能,对载体活性炭进行超声改性,并利用浸渍沉淀法制备Mn/AC催化剂,通过BET、SEM、EDS、XRD表征分析超声处理对其结构的影响,同时用苯酚模拟废水考察超声改性对其去除效能的影响。结果表明,超声改性起到清灰造孔作用,载体孔道增多,比表面积和孔体积增高,强化了负载,Mn的负载量由2. 40%升至3. 85%并以MnO2形式存在,增大分散度;超声改性增强了催化剂的吸附及催化臭氧化能力,提高体系的吸附-催化臭氧氧化协同效应,Mn/U60-AC+O3体系在催化剂质量浓度为2 g/L、苯酚初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、温度为(25±1)℃、臭氧质量浓度为3 mg/L、气体通入流量为4 m L/min、pH=10、水体积为1 L的条件下反应24 min,苯酚的去除率高达99. 64%,比Mn/AC+O3体系提高了16%。     

KOH活化法制备棉秆基活性炭及其对含苯酚废水的吸附

以农业废弃物棉秆为原料,采用氢氧化钾活化法制备活性炭,并用于吸附含苯酚废水中的苯酚。棉秆基活性炭的最佳制备条件为棉秆先炭化,以KOH溶液为活化剂,KOH与棉秆炭的质量比(物料比)1.5:1,活化温度800 ℃、活化时间70 min,此条件下制备的棉秆活性炭亚甲基蓝的吸附值为342.33 mg/g,碘吸附值为1 368.65 mg/g,其BET比表面积达到了1 735.94 m²/g,总孔容积0.36 cm³/g,平均孔径2.33 nm。将此活性炭用于吸附苯酚,苯酚质量浓度60 mg/L的50 mL废水中,当pH值为7,吸附时间2 h,活性炭投放量为50 mg时,苯酚去除率最高可达98%。对此吸附过程进行动力学分析,结果表明准二级动力学模型能很好的描述此活性炭吸附苯酚的过程。     

纳米MnO_2/活性炭复合材料的制备及催化降解苯酚性能研究

采用一步共沉淀方法制备纳米MnO_2/AC复合材料,并经FT-IR、滴定分析及扫描电镜SEM对其进行了表征,该复合催化剂由纳米MnO_2包覆活性炭组成,呈多层孔状,MnO_2球型度较高,呈球粒状多层堆砌,粒径为(22±5)nm,为高量子活性纳米颗粒,MnO_2的质量分数为28.6%。纳米MnO_2/AC材料复合了活性炭强物理吸附性和纳米MnO_2高化学催化活性,降解石油化工苯酚废水效果明显。同时,考察了废水pH、催化剂质量浓度和苯酚质量浓度对苯酚降解率和平衡吸附容量的影响,结果表明:由于物理吸附和化学催化过程的协同作用,在废水pH小于4,样品投入量大于2.0 g/L,苯酚质量浓度低于125 mg/L时,苯酚降解率均达90%以上,吸附容量为22.6~88.7 mg/g。处理后废水中苯酚质量浓度低于0.5 mg/L,达到污水排入城镇下水道水质标准。     

活性炭对乙黄药的吸附研究

乙黄药是有色金属浮选常用的捕收剂，工业上常采用吸附法处理选矿废水中残留的乙黄药。文章以市售木质活性炭AC为吸附剂，研究其对乙黄药的吸附特性。通过元素分析、SEM、FT-IR、BET等方法对其进行表征，结果表明AC比表面积为1 856.85 m2/g，平均孔径为3.38 nm。单因素吸附实验发现AC用量为0.1 g，对100 mL初始浓度为100 mg/L的乙黄药，1 h去除率为97.21%；吸附过程更符合准二级动力学和Freundlich模型。AC循环再生4次后，对乙黄药去除率仍达82.82%，再生性能良好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。