烧成温度和保温时间对红柱石基耐火材料莫来石化行为的影响

研究了烧成温度和保温时间对添加活性氧化铝的红柱石基耐火材料莫来石化行为的影响。对试样XRD数据的分析结果表明,烧成温度升高,莫来石含量线性增大,残存红柱石线性减少,二者具有良好的相关性。氧化铝溶解入液相主要在1400℃之前。二次莫来石化反应主要发生在1500℃之后。1600℃烧成时,保温3h之内,莫来石含量增长速度最快。二次莫来石的生成反应在一定程度上滞后于一次莫来石反应和刚玉溶解入液相的反应。     

烧结工艺对氧化铝陶瓷铸型强度的研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化铝陶瓷铸型,研究了不同烧成温度、保温时间、升温速率和添加剂对铸型强度性能的影响。实验结果表明,固相含量为58vol%的陶瓷坯体在烧成温度为1550℃,保温时间为4h时,烧成后高温抗弯强度可达14MPa,满足机械加工需要。     

烧成工艺对堇青石-莫来石窑具材料性能的影响

以堇青石、莫来石、高岭土和氧化铝微粉为原料制备堇青石-莫来石窑具材料,研究了烧成温度、保温时间对堇青石-莫来石窑具材料的常温性能、高温抗折强度和抗热震性的影响。并通过XRD分析了试样烧成后的物相变化,通过SEM观察了试样的显微结构。结果表明:随烧成温度从1340℃提高到1400℃,试样的线膨胀率增加,显气孔率增加,常温抗折、常温耐压强度和高温抗折强度增大,但1370℃烧成后的试样的抗热震性最好;对1370℃烧成的试样,随保温时间从3 h延长到5 h,试样的常温性能、高温抗折强度及抗热震性都有所降低。综合分析,在1370℃下保温3 h烧成的试样性能较为优良。     

烧成制度对莫来石-堇青石窑具弯蠕变的影响

以莫来石和红柱石为骨料,氧化铝粉、高岭土、滑石和黏土为基质粉料,将预混好的粉料和骨料与结合剂混练,真空练泥并困料后,挤压成型为中空棚板,经充分干燥后,进窑烧成。部分莫来石-堇青石试样在1 370℃下分别保温4、8和10 h烧成,另一部分试样分别在1 350、1 370、1 390℃保温10 h烧成。检测烧后试样的显气孔率、体积密度、蠕变率(25 kN,1 275℃10 h)等,考察保温时间和烧成温度对抗弯蠕变等性能的影响,并用SEM分析其显微结构。结果表明:适当延长保温时间或提高烧成温度均可改善莫来石-堇青石制品的抗弯蠕变性能,制品的显气孔率较低,体积密度较高,蠕变率和蠕变速率均较低;制品中良好的基质网络结构及骨料与基质间的紧密结合是低蠕变率和低蠕变速率的主要原因;确定最佳烧成温度为1 390℃,保温时间为10 h,所得产品的蠕变率低,厂家使用效果理想。     

多晶氧化铝纤维对莫来石—氧化锆陶瓷材料的增强研究

以电熔莫来石、半稳定氧化锆和α-氧化铝微粉为主要原料,制备莫来石—氧化锆陶瓷材料。在材料中分别外加了（V%）0、5%、10%、15%和20%的多晶氧化铝纤维,并将试样在1500℃保温3h烧成,制备出氧化铝纤维增韧的莫来石—氧化锆复相陶瓷。研究了氧化铝纤维对试样的加热线收缩率、常温耐压强度、常温抗折强度和热震稳定性的影响。结果表明：加入适量的多晶氧化铝纤维能够显著降低莫来石—氧化锆复相陶瓷的加热线收缩率,大幅度提高其常温抗折强度和热震稳定性,而常温耐压强度只有轻微下降。     

原位莫来石-堇青石复合物的物理机械性能、耐火性能和显微结构

原位莫来石-堇青石复合物是由高岭石、滑石和氧化铝,在堇青石含量为5%￣35%范围内,于1300℃、1400℃和1500℃烧成并保温3h制成。XRD和SEM结果显示莫来石-堇青石复合物在1400℃完全形成。在1500℃所有堇青石转变为莫来石和玻璃相,导致突然致密,在堇青石为20%时达最佳致密。25%￣35%堇青石试样不能显示良好致密,尽管从堇青石分解中形成了大量熔融物。然而由于莫来石颗粒分布均匀和压实的显微结构,在这些试样中可以获得最高的常温耐压强度。在所有烧成温度下所有试样都显示了抗热震性好,而在1500℃烧成的试样显示由于形成了高耐火莫来石相,故荷重软化温度最高。     

锆刚玉莫来石(AZS)推板的研制

针对目前一些磁性材料厂推板窑的作业条件，研制了一种ZrO2含量3．4％，Al2O3含量85％左右的锆刚玉莫来石堆板。配料采用粗：中：细=5：1：4颗粒级配。混练好的泥料经摩擦压砖机压制成340mm×340mm×30mm的推板，干燥后经1550℃保温8h烧成。烧成推板的指标：体积密度3．08g·cm-3，显气孔率14．7％，常温抗折强度17．9MPa，1350℃的抗折强度10．7MPa，抗热震性（1100℃-水冷）＞周次，0．2MPa荷重软化开始温度1650℃。锆刚玉莫来石(AZS)推板的研制@王立召$山东淄博裕民耐火材料有限公司!淄博,255086@沈继耀$天津大学材料科学与工程系…     

微晶白云母与工业氧化铝煅烧合成莫来石的研究

针对国内外制备莫来石的研究现状,以川西地区微晶白云母和工业氧化铝为原料,采用高温煅烧的方法,开展莫来石的制备研究.利用XRD、SEM等对制备产物进行表征.结果表明,将微晶白云母直接至于高温炉中煅烧至1500 ℃,保温3 h,可生成莫来石,但玻璃相较多,主要原因为微晶白云母中氧化铝含量太低.将微晶白云母与工业氧化铝在球磨机中混合、研磨,在高温炉中煅烧至1450 ℃,保温 3 h,可得到结晶度较好的莫来石.     

煅烧制度对合成轻质微孔莫来石骨料性能的影响

以工业氧化铝、硅石粉为主要原料,采用加入可燃物的方法制备莫来石轻质合成料。根据坯体料的DSC-TG和大试样热重分析设置了不同的煅烧制度,比较了两种煅烧制度:一种为单调升温,然后保温;另一种为在高低两个温度分段保温。研究了两种煅烧制度对合成轻质微孔莫来石骨料莫来石化率及体积密度、气孔率性能的影响。结果表明,无烟煤约在600℃烧失,坯体料自1200℃开始发生莫来石化反应,试样经1350℃×6h热处理后的孔径分布3￣7μm左右,莫来石转化率60%。     

刚玉-氮化硅-碳化硅复合材料的性能研究

以棕刚玉、氮化硅和碳化硅为原料在氧化气氛下制成试样.将试样分别在1500 ℃、1550 ℃和1600 ℃保温5 h进行埋炭处理.利用XRD、SEM和EDS等检测方法,结合热力学分析,研究了氧化气氛烧成后试样的物相变化以及高温埋炭条件下Si_3N_4的稳定性.结果表明:氧化气氛烧成后生成一种莫来石固溶体Si_6Al_(10)O_(21)N_4;高温埋炭处理后Si_3N_4和Si_6Al_(10)O_(21)N_4会部分转化为SiC,Si_3N_4向SiC明显转化的温度大于1500 ℃,Si_6Al_(10)O_(21)N_4向SiC明显转化的温度大于1550 ℃.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。