注入二氧化碳驱替煤层甲烷的试验研究

根据煤储层吸附-解吸机理,采用注入CO2驱替煤样CH4实验研究.结果表明:CO2的吸附能力高于CH4.CO2驱替与纯CH4的解吸过程比较表明,CH4在单位压降下的解吸率,明显高于纯CH4解吸时单位压降下的解吸率,CH4的解吸率比原来提高77.7%.     

交变电场作用下煤吸附甲烷特性的研究

对交变电场作用下煤吸附／解吸甲烷特性进行了研究。结果表明：交变电场作用下：各煤样吸附甲烷的量仍很好地遵从Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ方程,交变电场的作用减弱了煤的吸附能力和解吸能力,并且减缓了含甲烷煤的解吸过程,但对煤的饱和吸附量和最大解吸量影响不大。     

煤层气吸附/解吸分馏的从头计算研究

根据13CH4与12CH4在煤表面吸附势能的差异性合理解释煤层气吸附/解吸过程中的碳同位素分馏效应,为煤层气运移聚集过程的预测提供了有效途径.根据已建立的甲烷在煤表面的吸附模型,采用量子化学从头计算的方法计算煤表面甲烷吸附势能,绘制煤吸附甲烷的势能曲线,发现13CH4在煤表面的吸附势能普遍高于12CH4,也就是说13CH4与12CH4相比具有优先吸附、滞后解吸的特点.这一研究结果与Polanyi吸附势理论的研究结果一致.从而合理解释了煤层气解吸过程中发现的先解吸δ12C甲烷、后解吸δ13C甲烷的现象,也解释了煤层甲烷碳同位素深部重、浅部轻的地质现象;同时计算结果还表明,甲烷在煤表面是以单分子层吸附的.     

固液比对土霉素在腐殖酸上吸附和解吸的影响

采用OECD法研究了不同固液比条件下土霉素在腐殖酸上的吸附和解吸。结果表明,土霉素在腐殖酸上的吸附数据能够用Freundlich模型进行很好拟合。随着固液比增加,土霉素吸附容量(lg Kf)和吸附强度(1/n)呈现下降趋势。并发现,在不同土霉素初始浓度条件下,随着固液比增加土霉素解吸量呈下降趋势,在同一固液比条件下,随着土霉素初始浓度的增加,土霉素解吸量呈现出先降后增的变化趋势,而土霉素解吸率的变化与解吸量变化并不一致。红外光谱分析显示,土霉素的酰胺键与腐殖酸中的碳氧单键和碳碳三键发生作用是腐殖酸吸附土霉素的主要机理。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化草木樨香豆素的动力学和热力学

通过静态吸附和解吸实验筛选出纯化草木樨香豆素的大孔吸附树脂,确定了HPD300树脂纯化香豆素的吸附动力学模型、等温吸附模型和热力学参数,并通过动态吸附和解吸实验优化其工艺条件。结果表明:HPD300树脂对香豆素的吸附量大、解吸率高、吸附速度快,其吸附动力学可用拟二级动力学方程很好地描述,等温吸附过程可用Langmu ir方程较好地拟合,其吸附是一个自发、放热的物理吸附过程,在优化的条件下产物中香豆素的纯度大于90%,回收率高于90%。研究表明:HPD300树脂是一种分离纯化草木樨香豆素的理想树脂,可用于大规模分离纯化草木樨香豆素。     

固体吸附式制冷系统制冷剂的解吸特性

搭建了以活性炭-甲醇为工质对的单床吸附式制冷实验系统,对圆柱形吸附管内的吸附剂在不同解吸温度和不同解吸时间条件下的解吸量进行实验研究。解吸温度分别为84、89、94℃,解吸时间分别为4、5、6、7 h。实验结果表明,解吸温度、解吸时间和制冷剂的解吸量对吸附式制冷系统制冷循环性能有着重要影响。在热源温度为84℃加热时间4 h时,系统的制冷性能系数COP最小为0.053。系统在解吸温度为94℃,解吸时间为6 h时,系统的制冷性能系数COP最大为0.19,此时的解吸温度和解吸时间为最佳解吸温度和解吸时间。继续增加解吸时间,解吸量的增长率小于耗能的增长率,COP减小。     

固体吸附式制冷系统制冷剂的解吸特性

搭建了以活性炭-甲醇为工质对的单床吸附式制冷实验系统,对圆柱形吸附管内的吸附剂在不同解吸温度和不同解吸时间条件下的解吸量进行实验研究。解吸温度分别为84、89、94℃,解吸时间分别为4、5、6、7 h。实验结果表明,解吸温度、解吸时间和制冷剂的解吸量对吸附式制冷系统制冷循环性能有着重要影响。在热源温度为84℃加热时间4 h时,系统的制冷性能系数COP最小为0.053。系统在解吸温度为94℃,解吸时间为6 h时,系统的制冷性能系数COP最大为0.19,此时的解吸温度和解吸时间为最佳解吸温度和解吸时间。继续增加解吸时间,解吸量的增长率小于耗能的增长率,COP减小。     

腐植酸对氮、磷、钾的吸附和解吸特性研究

通过研究风化煤腐植酸在不同pH值下对氮、磷、钾的吸附和解吸特性,得出结论:(1)在供试的各种pH值(4～8)条件下,随着氮、磷、钾初始处理浓度的增加,腐植酸对其吸附量和解吸量均呈上升趋势,但解吸率均呈下降趋势。(2)在不同pH值的介质溶液中,腐植酸对氮、磷、钾的吸附和解吸特性不尽相同。其中,在碱性条件下,腐植酸对氮的吸附和解吸作用较强;在酸性条件下,腐植酸对磷的吸附和解吸作用较强,而腐植酸对钾的吸附和解吸作用在中性条件下更易发生。(3)腐植酸对氮、磷、钾的等温吸附可用Linear、Langmuir和Freundlich 3个吸附方程来拟合,相关性达显著或极显著水平,但以Freundlich方程为最优。     

砂岩对浸出铀的吸附解吸试验

通过批试验,对砂岩对浸出铀的吸附解吸做了研究,研究了不同pH、不同液固比条件下,砂岩对浸出铀的吸附和解吸效果。结果表明,pH在1.5~2.0范围内,吸附量与pH成正相关,解吸量与p H成负相关;液固比2∶1和5∶1两种条件下,液固比越大,吸附量和解吸量都增大。     

基于DA模型的煤表面甲烷吸附线预测

采用高低温甲烷吸附解吸测试系统,在243.15, 263.15, 283.15, 303.15和323.15 K下用不同变质程度的煤(气肥煤、焦煤、贫煤和无烟煤等)对甲烷进行等温吸附,基于微孔填充Dubinbin?Astakhov(DA)模型对其它环境温度下煤的CH4吸附等温线进行预测. 结果表明,不同变质程度的煤对甲烷的吸附量均随温度降低而增大,且饱和吸附量和特征吸附能与温度具有良好的线性关系. 模型预测的等温吸附曲线与实验结果吻合较好,相对误差不超过5%.     

Multicomponent adsorption isotherm modeling using thermodynamically inconsistent and consistent models

In this work, the multicomponent adsorption modeling of the experimental adsorption data of ternary system consisting of nitrobenzene (NI), phenol (PH) and aniline (AN) onto granulated activated carbon (GAC) was performed. The Redlich–Peterson and Freundlich isotherm models provided better fitting of the single component experimental data than the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption preference of GAC was found to be: NI > PH > AN. The ternary adsorption equilibrium data were analyzed by using thermodynamically consistent and inconsistent isotherm models as well as an artificial neural network model. Modified Redlich–Peterson and LeVan–Vermeulen models, and real adsorbed solution theory model provided satisfactory fit of the ternary system. Levenberg–Marquardt back-propagation or scaled conjugate gradient back-propagation algorithm with two neurons, either logsig or tansig transfer function in the hidden layer, and purelin transfer function in output layer were found to be the best network and gave an excellent prediction of experimental data.     

Equilibrium isotherms and adsorption heats analysis for ternary mixture of methane,ethane, and propane on 4A zeolite

Equilibrium isotherms were obtained experimentally and theoretically for adsorption of methane, ethane, and propane mixtures on 4A zeolite at 301 K. The experimental data were measured using constant volume method and analyzed by extended Langmuir, modified extended Langmuir, and extended Freundlich isotherm models. The best correlation was achieved with the extended Freundlich isotherm equation and the negative values for heats of adsorption indicate exothermic adsorption nature for these gases on 4A zeolite. The selectivity of 4A zeolite to adsorb gases was also studied with the observation that ethane was more selectively adsorbed than methane on 4A zeolite, while propane was less selectively adsorbed on this zeolite at the studied temperature. Also, it was found that an increase in initial partial pressure of ethane decreases the adsorbed amount of methane, while the increase in partial pressure of methane had no effect on adsorbed amount of ethane.     

Modeling of coal swelling induced by water vapor adsorption

Gas adsorption-induced coal swelling is a well-know phenomenon. Coal swelling or shrinkage by adsorption or desorption of water vapor has not been well understood but has significant implications on gas drainage process for underground coal mining and for primary and enhanced coalbed methane production. Decreased matrix moisture content leads to coal shrinkage and thus the change of cleat porosity and permeability under reservoir conditions. Unlike gas adsorption in coal which usually forms a single layer of adsorbed molecules, water vapor adsorption in the coal micropores forms multilayer of adsorbed molecules. In this work, a model has been developed to describe the coal swelling strain with respect to the amount of moisture intake by the coal matrix. The model extended an energy balance approach for gas adsorption-induced coal swelling to water vapor adsorption-induced coal swelling, assuming that only the first layer of adsorbed molecules of the multilayer adsorption changes the surface energy, which thus causes coal to swell. The model is applied to describe the experimental swelling strain data measured on an Australian coal. The results show good agreement between the model and the experimental data.     

EQUILIBRIUM,KINETICS, AND BREAKTHROUGH STUDIES FOR ADSORPTION OF Cr(VI) ON CHITOSAN

Wastewater containing low levels of pollutants can be effectively treated by the adsorption technique. In the present work, an adsorption study was carried out using chitosan as adsorbent in a fixed-bed column for the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater solutions. The column performance of Cr(VI) adsorption onto chitosan was studied at different bed heights (3–9 cm), flow rates (50–200 mL/min), initial metal concentrations (2–10 mg/L), pH values (2–7), and temperatures (30°–60°C). The equilibrium data for the batch adsorption of Cr(VI) on chitosan were tested using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and BET isotherm models. The Langmuir model was found to be the most suitable, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 35.7 mg/g and a correlation coefficient (R ²) = 0.952. The experimental data were found to fit well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with R ² = 0.999. The dynamics of the adsorption process was modeled using the Adams-Bohart, Thomas, and mass transfer models. The models were used to predict the breakthrough curves of adsorption systems and to determine the characteristic design parameters of the column. The adsorption data were observed to fit well with all three models. The model parameters were derived using MATLAB software. In order to compare quantitatively the applicability of adsorption dynamic models in fitting to experimental data, the percentage relative deviation (P) was calculated and found to be less than 5, confirming that the fit is good for all three models.     

Experimental and theoretical studies of equilibrium isotherms for pure light hydrocarbons adsorption on 4A zeolite

Experimental and theoretical studies were reported on equilibrium isotherms of pure methane and ethane adsorption on 4A molecular sieve zeolite at 301 K. The experimental equilibria data were measured using the constant-volume method. The Langmuir, the Freundlich, and BET equations were used to fit the pure component experimental data. The results show that both the Langmuir and Freundlich equations correlated the pure component experimental data fairly well with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and 0.977 for methane and ethane, respectively. The results of this study showed that ethane was more selectively adsorbed than methane on 4A molecular sieve zeolite.     

基于低场核磁共振的煤粉动态吸附测量

煤层气的开发是我国非常规天然气开发的重要环节，与常规天然气不同的是煤层气中甲烷主要以吸附形式赋存在煤的一系列纳米孔中。甲烷在煤粉颗粒孔隙中吸附行为的动态过程对煤层气的开发具有重要意义。实现了一种基于低场核磁共振技术在线测量煤粉吸附特性的实验方法，通过横向驰豫分布区别孔隙中含氢流体分布，定量表征游离气和吸附气含量。结果表明煤粉颗粒的甲烷吸附在核磁共振的横向弛豫图谱中呈现多峰分布，其中弛豫时间在0.1～1 ms的峰包含了纳米孔隙中甲烷含气量的信息。随着时间增加，甲烷气体逐渐转换为吸附态。通过不同压力下核磁共振的横向弛豫图谱，定量分析了甲烷在颗粒样品中随时间和压力变化的动态吸附过程，并得到了等温吸附曲线且符合Langmuir拟合模型。     

恒电场作用下煤吸附甲烷特征的研究

研究了四川白皎低变质无烟煤在直流１ ２００ Ｖ 下吸附甲烷的特征．结果表明：外加电场作用下煤吸附甲烷仍符合Ｌａｎｇｍ ｕｉｒ 等温吸附式, 吸附与解吸的动力学也符合三常数扩散控制模型和二常数经验公式; 恒电场使煤对甲烷的吸附能力降低 （ｂ 常数减小）, 但对动力学参数的影响不大．     

Adsorption of methane on dry coal at elevated pressure

Methane equilibrium adsorption isotherms were determined on Illinois No.6 (Herrin seam), Oklahoma Hartshorne, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh, and Virginia Pocahontas No.3 United States coal seams, using a volumetric method and an equation of state for methane: the amount of methane adsorbed on crushed and dried coal was measured as a function of pressure. Isotherms were measured at 30 °C for the Illinois coal and at 0, 30 and 50 °C for the others. Most measurements were made to 150 atm pressure, but a few to 240 atm. The data were correlated by the Langmuir and the Polanyi adsorption models. The methane—coal system, uncorrected for adsorbate density, adhered well to the Langmuir model up to 150 atm pressure, but Polanyi behaviour could not be demonstrated satisfactorily, with or without a correction for adsorbate density. Monolayer volumes at 30 °C from the Langmuir equation were 28, 24, 19 and 20cm³ (STP)/g coal respectively for the four coals studied (the range for several investigators was 13 to 39 cm³/g and for the Langmuir constant b 0.03 to 0.23 atm^?1). Isosteric heats of adsorption at zero coverage and 30 °C were 4.2, 2.4 and 5.3 kcal/mol for the Hartshorne, Pittsburgh and Pocahontas coals, which indicate that the adsorption is physical. No effect of particle size on equilibrium adsorption was observed in the U.S. mesh range 6–325.