造纸法再造烟叶发展综述

再造烟叶是利用废弃的烟梗、烟叶碎片、烟末等烟草原料,经浸提、浓缩、分离、打浆、磨浆、抄造、烘干、分切等过程,制成性能优良的天然烟叶再造烟叶,用于卷烟填充物,回用于卷烟生产;再造烟叶有稠浆法、辊压法和造纸法三种生产方式。     

复合造纸法再造烟叶的制备及效果分析

为提高造纸法再造烟叶的感官质量,提出了一种复合造纸法再造烟叶的制备方法.结果表明,采用双网复合纸机制备复合造纸法再造烟叶是可行的,所制备的再造烟叶感官质量达到了国外造纸法再造烟叶先进企业同档次产品的水平;在一类卷烟品牌中使用5%的复合造纸法再造烟叶,可使卷烟焦油量降低0.7 mg/支,且不影响卷烟感官质量.     

造纸法再造烟叶对卷烟CO释放量影响的研究进展

阐述和分析了造纸法再造烟叶对卷烟CO释放量影响的研究现状及机理,概述了降低卷烟CO释放量的一般方法,认为重点是降低造纸法再造烟叶自身的CO释放量;研究了影响造纸法再造烟叶CO释放量的关键因素并描述了卷烟的燃烧状态。     

造纸法再造烟叶丝长对填充值的影响

研究造纸法再造烟叶在不同丝长及片型条件下对造纸法再造烟叶填充值以及加入到卷烟叶组丝中对卷烟叶组丝的影响,结果表明:随着再造烟叶丝长的增长,再造烟叶的填充值出现先增大后下降的趋势,将优化丝长后的再造烟叶加入到卷烟叶组丝中,可有效提升卷烟叶组丝的填充值。     

造纸法再造烟叶使用方式对其利用率和卷烟理化指标的影响

为提高造纸法再造烟叶的有效利用率,在气流和薄板两种干燥条件下,对造纸法再造烟叶采用片掺配和丝掺配两种使用方式时的有效利用率、所卷制卷烟的感官质量、常规化学成分和批内焦油、烟碱的波动情况进行了试验分析。结果表明:①在气流干燥条件下,采用丝掺配使用方式时,造纸法再造烟叶的有效利用率由片掺配时的80.8%提高到93.1%;在薄板干燥条件下,采用丝掺配使用方式时,造纸法再造烟叶的有效利用率由片掺配时的89.8%提高到93.3%;②造纸法再造烟叶使用方式由片掺配变为丝掺配后,烟丝中的水溶性糖、还原糖明显降低,卷烟烟气焦油量明显降低,但批内焦油波动明显增大;两种使用方式时卷烟的感官质量存在明显差异。     

造纸法再造烟叶对卷烟烟气有害成分释放量的影响

为考察造纸法再造烟叶对卷烟烟气有害成分释放量的影响,分别添加0%、3.94%、7.87%、11.81%、39.37%、78.7%(占总组分)的造纸法再造烟叶,测定卷烟烟气中苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)、NNK、CO、氢氰酸(HCN)、氨(NH3)、苯酚、巴豆醛等7种有害成分含量。结果表明:添加造纸法再造烟叶,能有效降低卷烟烟气中苯酚等6种有害成分的释放量,具有显著线性相关关系,对CO释放量的影响不大,影响程度由大到小依次为:苯酚B[a]PHCN巴豆醛NNKNH3CO;增加造纸法再造烟叶的使用比例能有效降低卷烟危害性评价指数,两者具有显著线性相关关系。     

不同加热非燃烧再造烟叶特性研究

为更好地了解加热非燃烧烟草材料特性,收集了造纸法、辊压法、稠浆法3种工艺制造的加热非燃烧再造烟叶烟草材料,从微观结构、纤维形态、抗张性能、再造烟叶化学成分、烟气化学成分、感官质量等方面进行了系统研究。结果表明,造纸法加热非燃烧再造烟叶的微观结构及纤维形态与其他2种截然不同,主要是纤维交织形成的网状结构,辊压法与稠浆法加热非燃烧再造烟叶的微观结构主要是烟草颗粒结聚形成的不平整平面,三者的抗张强度与断裂拉伸伸长率呈反比;3种加热非燃烧再造烟叶的水分及甘油含量均较高,其对应烟气中的水分及甘油含量亦然,且3种再造烟叶和其对应烟气中水分及甘油含量呈正比关系,3种再造烟叶烟气中除甘油焦油释放量均明显低于传统烤烟型卷烟;辊压法和稠浆法加热非燃烧再造烟叶的综合感官质量接近,均优于造纸法的。     

造纸法生产再造烟草薄片精提工艺

随着造纸法生产再造烟草薄片质量水平的提高,卷烟企业在低焦油卷烟产品开发中普遍利用造纸法生产再造烟草薄片降低卷烟焦油含量,为低焦油卷烟产品的提供了一种新的原料,并缓解了部分企业烟叶供应紧张的问题.造纸法生产烟草薄片(再造烟草薄片)的核心工艺为烟草提取液精提工艺,其是改善再造烟草薄片的品质的关键步骤,通过精提烟草浸取液,可...     

加热卷烟不同工艺再造烟叶等温干燥动力学研究

为研究加热卷烟再造烟叶干燥过程中的水分迁移规律,考察不同工艺及甘油含量对加热卷烟再造烟叶干燥特性的影响,利用热重分析仪,在50～90℃下对不同甘油含量的辊压法、造纸法、干法和稠浆法再造烟叶进行等温干燥实验,建立了加热卷烟再造烟叶等温干燥动力学模型。结果表明:(1)再造烟叶干燥过程中存在升速干燥、恒速干燥、第一降速干燥与第二降速干燥4个阶段。(2)根据再造烟叶干燥过程的特点建立加热卷烟再造烟叶等温干燥动力学分段模型,拟合效果R2均大于0.995 2,RMSE在0.002 8以下,可准确描述加热卷烟再造烟叶等温干燥过程中的水分迁移规律。(3)甘油含量增加可提高干燥过程的平衡含水率,随着甘油含量的增加,干燥速率常数k_1升高,k_2、k_3均降低。(4)相同的干燥条件下,4种工艺再造烟叶的干燥速率从大到小依次为造纸法、干法、辊压法及稠浆法。     

国产造纸法再造烟叶在烤烟型卷烟产品改造中的应用

为扩大造纸法再造烟叶的应用范围 ,在市场调研的基础上 ,结合老产品改造 ,进行了在烤烟型卷烟产品中添加国产造纸法再造烟叶的应用试验。结果表明 ,在原产品配方基础上添加 5 %国产造纸法再造烟叶 ,同时对原叶组结构和料香配方进行适当调整 ,能够使改造后的产品在保持卷烟原有风格的基础上进一步提升吸味质量 ,降低烟气焦油量 ,实现产品配方的平稳调整。     

烟用增香物质的分析技术进展

卷烟中的增香物质是卷烟生产中不可或缺的原料,该物质既能减少焦油含量,同时也能影响卷烟口味。然而卷烟中的增香物质化学成分复杂,很多物质有不同程度的生理毒性,因此对烟草中增香成分的测定具有显著意义。目前烟用增香物质的的前处理和检测技术多种多样,本文对烟用增香物质的前处理和检测技术进行了综述和比较,对一些新的分析技术也作了简要介绍,拟为卷烟中增香物质的检测提供依据。     

甘油碱法脱除烟梗中的木质素

  目的  应用甘油碱法工艺对烟梗进行处理,制备低木质素烟梗薄片。  方法  以木质素脱除率和浆得率为衡量指标,对甘油碱法制浆工艺条件进行了优化,并比较了不同预处理工艺对再造烟叶烟气评吸质量的影响。  结果  （1）甘油碱法制浆最佳工艺条件为,氢氧化钾用量45%、蒸煮温度为200℃、蒸煮液固比为11∶1、蒸煮时间为0.5h,此时烟梗中的木质素含量为5.06%,木质素脱除率为43.01%,浆得率为37.12%。（2）甘油碱法的木质素脱除率和木质气降低效果虽然稍逊色于氧碱法,但其对烟气质量提升的综合效果明显优于氧碱法和乙酸法。（3）采用甘油碱法再造烟叶制备的项目卷烟,其感官质量优于常规卷烟。  结论  采用甘油碱法工艺制备的烟草薄片,木质素含量低,应用于卷烟中可提升烟气品质。      

再造烟草颗粒卷烟与常规卷烟的对比

为提高卷烟品质稳定性,以烟草颗粒为填充物制备了再造烟草颗粒卷烟,从外观、燃烧性能、烟支物理指标、化学成分和常规烟气成分等方面考察了其与常规卷烟的差异。结果表明:①相比常规卷烟,再造烟草颗粒卷烟的静燃速率快约6%,包灰值减少80%以上,燃烧线齐整,烟灰颜色更白。②再造烟草颗粒卷烟的烟支质量、吸阻、总糖、总碱、焦油和烟碱释放量的检测平均值与常规卷烟基本相同,但相应指标的标准偏差均显著降低。③再造烟草颗粒卷烟的CO释放量比常规卷烟降低约5 mg/支,CO/焦油比值降低到约0.55。      

发展特色烟叶是重点骨干品牌和优质烟区实现共赢的合作平台

分析了特色优质烟叶对我国卷烟产品结构提升和重点骨干品牌发展的重要性。并根据发展特色优质烟叶和优化烟叶资源配置的研究实践,从卷烟工业企业和产区共同发展的需求出发,提出发展特色优质烟叶的工作思路,并在理论和技术层面对工商联办特色优质烟叶基地提出具体建议和思路。     

单箱耗烟叶的四种统计口径分析对比

为提升卷烟原料消耗成本管控的系统性和精准性,本文在“单箱耗烟叶”指标成本分析算法基础上,引入“卷烟规格”、“产量占比”两个因子,从而在成本、对标、综合、可比方向上构建了单箱耗烟叶指标的四种统计口径模型。使用该模型便于开展多维分析和综合影响度分析,可为卷烟企业降本增效提供参考。      

基于深度学习的条烟分拣线上烟包错配识别系统的构建

【背景】条烟分拣线上,条烟长边相邻并排摆放形成一层,多层叠加形成烟包,与订单相比,烟包可能存在少烟、多烟、品规错误等问题,目前采用的人工检查方式效率较低,且难以完全避免错误发生。本研究的目的是构建烟包错配识别系统。【方法】采用由工业相机镜头和光源构成的机器视觉系统采集成品烟包侧面与顶面图像,以基于深度学习的物体定位和识别技术获取烟包中条烟的数量与品规,与物流上位系统订单数据比对,自动识别与提示错误烟包。【结果】（1）实际使用中烟包识别成功率≥99.99%,识别耗时≤300ms。识别过程与原有工作步骤并行,增加识别系统不降低分拣效率。（2）系统上线运行至今有效避免了烟包连续出错和返工问题。（3）识别系统可以减轻搬运工人的工作负担,进而提高工作效率。【结论】采用深度学习机器视觉系统自动化识别烟包品规,可以提升烟草物流条烟分拣的质量和效率。     

烟支刺破梗签粒度分析

为合理控制烟丝中梗签粒度及其含量,减少烟支刺破概率,通过大量收集刺破不同圆周烟支的梗签,分析刺破烟支梗签粒度分布规律.结果表明:(1)卷制过程中较大尺寸梗签基本能被卷烟机剔除;(2)宽度小于0.7 mm或长度小于1.0 mm的细梗签和梗粒造成烟支刺破的概率较小;(3)常规烟、中支烟、细支烟刺破烟支梗签的宽度主要集中在1...     

造纸法烟草薄片发展现状

介绍了烟草薄片生产技术应用现状及意义。目前主要的三种薄片生产方法有各自的优势和不足,重点对造纸法薄片的优势、发展现状、生产工艺流程及产品品质进行了分析,通过国内外烟草薄片生产工艺和产品品质对比,分析国内外烟草薄片生产及质量存在的缺陷。探讨了烟草薄片专用胶粘剂的发展。     

Trends and affordability of cigarette prices: ample room for tax increases and related health gains

BACKGROUND: Increasing the price of tobacco products is arguably the most effective method of curbing the prevalence and consumption of tobacco products. Price increases would reduce the global burden of disease brought about by tobacco consumption. OBJECTIVES: To compare cigarette price data from more than 80 countries using varying methods, examine trends in prices and affordability during the 1990s, and explore various policy implications pertaining to tobacco prices. DESIGN: March 2001 cigarette price data from the Economist Intelligence Unit are used to compare cigarette prices across countries. To facilitate comparison and to assess affordability, prices are presented in US dollars, purchasing power parity (PPP) units using the Big Mac index as an indicator of PPP and in terms of minutes of labour required to purchase a pack of cigarettes. Annual real percentage changes in cigarette prices between 1990 and 2000 and annual changes in the minutes of labour required to buy cigarettes between 1991 and 2000 are also calculated to examine trends. RESULTS: Cigarette prices tend to be higher in wealthier countries and in countries that have strong tobacco control programmes. On the other hand, minutes of labour required to purchase cigarettes vary vastly between countries. Trends between 1990 and 2000 in real prices and minutes of labour indicate, with some exceptions, that cigarettes have become more expensive in most developed countries but more affordable in many developing countries. However, in the UK, despite recent increases in price, cigarettes are still more affordable than they were in the 1960s. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that there is ample room to increase tobacco prices through taxation. In too many countries, cigarette prices have failed to keep up with increases in the general price level of goods and services, rendering them more affordable in 2000 than they were at the beginning of the decade. Opportunities to increase government revenue and improve health through reduced consumption brought about by higher prices have been overlooked in many countries.     

Consumption and production waste: another externality of tobacco use

OBJECTIVE: To describe the waste produced by and environmental implications of individual cigarette consumption (filter tips, packages, and cartons) and tobacco manufacturing. STUDY SELECTION: All available articles and reports published since 1970 related to cigarette consumption and production waste were reviewed. DATA SOURCES: Global cigarette consumption data were used to estimate cigarette butt and packaging waste quantities. Data from the Center for Marine Conservation's International Coastal Cleanup Project were used to describe some environmental impacts of tobacco-related trash. Data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Toxics Release Inventory and reported global cigarette consumption totals were used to estimate waste production from cigarette manufacturing. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: In 1995, an estimated 5.535 trillion cigarettes (27,675 million cartons and 276,753 million packages) were sold by the tobacco industry globally. Some of the wastes from these products were properly deposited, but a large amount of tobacco consumption waste ends up in the environment. Some is recovered during environmental clean-up days. For the past eight years (1990-1997), cigarette butts have been the leading item found during the International Coastal Cleanup Project; they accounted for 19.1% of all items collected in 1997. The tobacco manufacturing process produces liquid, solid, and airborne waste. Among those wastes, some materials, including nicotine, are designated by the EPA as Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals. These are possible environmental health hazards. In 1995, the global tobacco industry produced an estimated 2262 million kilograms of manufacturing waste and 209 million kilograms of chemical waste. In addition, total nicotine waste produced in the manufacture of reduced nicotine cigarettes was estimated at 300 million kilograms. CONCLUSIONS: Laws against littering relative to cigarette butts could be better enforced. Additional taxes might be levied on cigarette products that would then be directed to environmental clean-up efforts. The tobacco industry should improve the biodegradability of filters, reduce packaging waste, and educate its customers. Worksites and public buildings should be encouraged or required to supply appropriate disposal mechanisms at all building entrances. Public awareness campaigns about the magnitude and prevention of cigarette consumption waste could be developed through partnerships among environmental groups, health organisations, and environmental protection agencies. Tobacco production waste should be a source of concern and regulation by governments throughout the world; it contains numerous chemicals which may be considered health hazards, not the least of which is nicotine produced in the manufacture of low-nicotine cigarettes.