超快冷技术在轴承钢网状碳化物控制上的应用

河钢宣钢针对轴承钢产品出现的网状碳化物问题,引进了穿水冷却工艺,并实施了GCr15轴承钢轧后快速冷却。通过优化冷却工艺,GCr15轴承钢Φ22～32 mm产品的网状级别≦2. 0级,小规格轴承钢网状碳化物均达到国家标准要求。     

终轧温度和冷却工艺对Φ36mm GCr15轴承钢网状碳化物的影响

试验研究了终轧905~930℃,空冷,终轧905~930℃,穿水返红至675~707℃,终轧845~870℃,穿水返红至661~698℃对Φ36 mm GCr15轴承钢棒材网状碳化物的影响。结果表明,轧后空冷的GCr15轴承钢棒材的网状碳化物级别较高为3级;轧后棒材经穿水后返红温度为661~707℃时,网状碳化物为1.5~2.5级,能满足冷加工用途GCr15轴承钢的要求(网状碳化物≤2.5级);低温精轧和降低终轧温度能明显改善GCr15轴承钢热轧材的网状碳化物。     

GCr15轴承钢网状碳化物质量探讨

本文对GCr15轴承钢按YJZ84和YB9-68两个标准检验的网状碳化物级别用直方图法进行质量分析后,根据其网状碳化物的形成原因及其影响因素,探讨性地从GCr15轴承钢的冶炼,热压力加工及热处理等方面提出一些看法,供GCr15轴承钢生产时参考。     

提高GCr15轴承钢线材预精轧温度的研究

 通过提高GCr15轴承钢φ10mm线材预精轧温度的工业试验,得到了网状碳化物少的细片状珠光体组织,利用实验室热模拟的方法对工业试验现象做了进一步分析。结果表明：当预精轧温度为944℃时,试验钢网状碳化物的析出时刻全部处于快速冷却阶段,球化退火后渗碳体颗粒均匀细小,网状级别可降低至1.5级,布氏硬度为202.72,强韧性能均较高,满足GB/T18254－2002《高碳铬轴承钢》和实际生产对GCr15轴承钢退火材的要求。     

转炉高纯净度GCrl5轴承钢的试制开发

以含C量1.O%、含Cr1.5%的高碳铬轴承钢GCr15为研究对象,莱钢利用现有的长流程生产线(高炉+铁水预处理+转炉初炼+炉外精炼+真空脱气+钡处理+连铸+连轧),通过控制有害残余元素、非金属夹杂物、气体含量和碳化物组织试制开发了高纯净度GCrl5轴承钢。结果表明,钢中O含量低于0.000 8%,Ti含量在0.002 5%以下,S含量平均0.004%;轧材中心疏松、一般疏松和偏析均≤0.5级;各类非金属夹杂物≤0.5级;碳化物带状及网状≤1.0级,液析≤0.5级。     

轴承钢GCr15网状碳化物横纵向对比

通过对轴承钢GCr15网状碳化物的横纵向对比,从中找出存在的差别,以及探讨影响网状碳化物的因素。     

磁控电渣对1 t ESR锭GCr15轴承钢凝固组织及成分偏析的影响

对GCr15轴承钢在电渣过程中施加电磁搅拌,分析电磁搅拌对电渣铸锭凝固组织和化学成分的影响。结果表明,电磁搅拌可以显著改善电渣铸锭凝固过程传热条件,减少GCr15电渣锭网状碳化物的形成。同时,由于电磁搅拌的作用,电渣锭的C、Cr等主要元素成分偏析指数稳定控制在1.03以下。当搅拌电流为50 A至200 A,频率为6Hz时,电渣锭中心无网状碳化物形成,碳偏析指数为1.02。     

GCr15轴承钢锭的均热炉加热工艺

轴承钢的碳化物不均匀分布对轴承钢质量有很大影响。这种不均匀性分布是由于钢锭的结晶偏析所造成，表现为液析碳化物、带状碳化物和轧后冷却过程中沿晶界重新析出的网状碳化物。对钢锭或钢坯进行高温扩散退火可以消除液析碳化物，改善带状碳化物。网状碳化物则可通过控轧。控冷及钢材的正火热处理予以改善。1钢锭均匀化加热Xi艺1．l加热温度锻轧加热温度愈高，钢的强度愈低，生产率愈高，但是温度过高，会发生过烧。GCr15钢的过烧温度为1350T。为消除液析碳化物，GCrls轴承钢锭加热温度应为1240－1250℃。由于钢锭的选择结晶缘故，钢锭…     

轴承钢GCr15控温轧制探索

韶钢使用旧的控温轧制工艺生产GCr15轴承钢,网状碳化物等级偏高.优化控温工艺,根据不同规格采用控轧控冷或者轧后控冷两种控温轧制方式,有效地控制网状碳化物析出,降低了网状碳化物等级,满足了客户要求.     

GCr15轴承钢控轧控冷生产尝试

介绍杭钢紫金棒材线GCr15轴承钢圆钢生产工艺，通过多次试生产，运用扩散退火和控轧控冷手段控制碳化物液析、网状级别。     

新型高淬透性轴承钢GCr18Mo

研制的ＧＣｒ１８Ｍｏ新型轴承钢的淬透性为ＧＣｒ１５ＳｉＭｎ轴承钢的２．０￣２．５倍，新钢种轴承的使用寿命为ＧＣｒ１５ＳｉＭｎ钢的１．８￣５．４倍。     

Improvement of centre segregation in continuous casting bloom and the resulting carbide homogeneity in bearing steel GCr15

ABSTRACT

In the present work, solidification structure and centre segregation in continuously cast bearing steel GCr15 blooms with 220mm×260?mm were obtained by different casting conditions (M-EMS, M?+?F-EMS, M?+?F-EMS?+?MSR), which were systematically optimized by numerical simulation and experiments. The relationship between centre segregation in continuously cast GCr15 bloom, heredity in hot-rolled steel and carbide inhomogeneity of hot-rolled steel with was investigated comprehensively. Results showed that compared with M-EMS, centre carbon segregation ratio in the bloom decreased from 1.1～1.4 to 1.04～1.22 by M?+?F-EMS, and could be reduced to 0.96～1.08 by MSR in combination with M?+?F-EMS. Moreover, centre segregation in hot-rolled steel decreased with the decrease of centre segregation in bloom. Grade of network and banded carbide in hot-rolled steel decreased accordingly, especially for centre carbon segregation ratio with 0.96～1.08, grade of network and banded carbide could be significantly reduced to 1. It was important to control centre segregation in as-cast steel to improve the resulting carbide homogeneity of as-rolled steel. According to the experimental results, higher casting speed in bloom with M?+?F-EMS and MSR integrated process was preferred to effectively reduce centre segregation ratio and further decreased the occurrence of network and banded carbide in as-rolled bearing steel GC15.     

高碳铬钼钢贝氏体碳化物形貌及其形成机理

 取9Cr2Mo钢和GCr15钢,奥氏体化后进行中温等温转变,采用金相显微镜和QUANTA-400扫描电子显微镜研究贝氏体碳化物的形貌及其形成机理。结果表明,9Cr2Mo钢和GCr15钢的上贝氏体组织呈羽毛状,上贝氏体碳化物呈长短不一的薄片状或短棒状,分布在铁素体亚片条或亚单元之间,其排列与贝氏体铁素体片条轴向大体上平行分布;下贝氏体组织呈竹叶状或针状,下贝氏体碳化物呈细片状或纤维状等形状,分布在铁素体片中间,大多数与片条的主轴方向交角排列,但角度不等。钢中贝氏体碳化物在γ/α相界面上形核,向奥氏体中和铁素体亚单元间长大,是碳原子沿着相界面扩散的过程。     

形变温度对GCr15SiMn钢网状碳化物演化行为的影响

 在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上进行单轴热压缩试验,研究了形变温度对GCr15SiMn钢的组织尤其是网状碳化物的影响。利用连续度系数来定量表征网状碳化物的连续程度。综合分析了形变温度对晶粒尺寸以及网状碳化物的连续度系数的影响。结果表明：随形变温度的升高,网状碳化物的连续性与晶粒尺寸的变化规律保持较好的一致性。网状碳化物的破碎程度随形变温度的降低而增大。综合考虑网状碳化物连续程度、晶粒尺寸以及变形抗力等因素,在轧后不控冷的条件下,GCr15SiMn的终轧温度宜定在800～850 ℃,其中以850 ℃为最佳。     

Effect of Ultra-fast cooling on the microstructure of large-section bars of bearing steel

 The ultra-fast cooling technology of large-section bars GCr15 bearing steel was researched connected with industry practice, the microstructure in different cooling patters were researched by optical microscopy、transmission electron microscopy and energy spectrometer, it was concluded that: the large-section bars of GCr15 bearing steel passed the zone of secondary carbide precipitation quickly through the ultra-fast cooling technology(UFC) the instantaneous cooling rate of which was about 200℃/s, the finishing cooling temperature was higher than Ms, the lamellar spacing of pearlite was thinner and thinner and the micro-hardness was bigger and bigger along with the reduction of re-reddening temperature,the precipitation of network carbide was restrained when re-reddening temperature was 690℃, and fine laminated pearlite was obtained through transformation of pseudopearlition which induced the reduction of the diamond of pearlite grain and refinement of the lamellar spacing of pearlite, ideal microstructures promoting spheroidizing annealing were obtained.     

GCr15轴承钢连铸方坯与电渣重熔铸锭的 原位统计分布分析

GCr15轴承钢作为高碳钢,其元素偏析尤其是碳元素的偏析对于钢的组织和性能有很大影响。实验应用原位统计分布分析技术对GCr15轴承钢连铸方坯整个横截面以及GCr15电渣锭的中心区域进行了对比分析,并重点研究了C和Cr元素的偏析情况以及试样表面的疏松情况。通过C和Cr元素含量二维等高图以及统计偏析度的对比分析可知,连铸方坯横截面的C和Cr元素都存在严重的中心偏析现象,同时在中心偏析区域外围观察到由于树枝晶搭桥而造成的环状、不连续的C元素负偏析带;GCr15电渣锭中心区域的C和Cr元素分布则较为均匀,即偏析现象得到明显改善。此外,电渣重熔前后试样表面的统计致密度和统计疏松度表明,电渣锭的致密程度要明显优于连铸方坯。     

轴承钢棒材超快冷却的实际运用研究

针对生产轴承钢棒材产品出现的网状碳化物问题,以国内某厂棒材热连轧生产线为依据,对GCrl5轴承钢轧后进行快速控制冷却的温度场进行模拟研究,并运用于实际生产中,取得了较好的效果。结合现场条件所能采用的各种冷却工艺,利用计算机模拟方法,对冷却工艺进行了优化分析,使得GCr15轴承钢20～60的产品的网状级别≤2.0级,解决了中小规格棒材轴承钢网状碳化物达不到标准要求的问题。     

GCr15轴承钢碳化物高温扩散的研究

由于轴承钢的碳含量较高,在钢液凝固过程中易形成较大的碳偏析,且在后期的加热、轧制过程中难以有效消除。研究了240 mm×240 mm GCr15轴承钢大方坯碳化物析出形态、金相组织随不同加热工艺制度的变化,通过理论推算了GCr15轴承钢的高温扩散系数,确定了最佳加热的工艺。     

6Cr15Mo4VN��иֵ���΢��֯������

Combined with the calculation of Jmatpro software and a large number of trial production, the new type of high temperature resistant stainless bearing steel 6Cr15Mo4VN was developed. DSC analyzer, optical microscope and EPMA were used to study the microstructure and properties of 6Cr15Mo4VN nitrogen- containing bearing steel. The results show that the microstructure of quenched- tempered sample is tempered martensite + carbide + residual austenite, which primary carbide is zonal distribution with an acceptable size, fine carbide is uniformly distributed in martensite matrix. The steel gets lower hardness after annealing and becomes very hard after quenching- tempering, which shows excellent properties for bearing. In 40 mass% nitric acid solution, almost no corrosion occurs. In 10 mass% hydrochloric acid solution, the corrosion resistance property is superior to 9Cr18Mo and 7Cr14MoN.     

冷却强度对连续定向凝固电渣重熔GCr15轴承钢中碳化物的影响

观察并研究了连续定向凝固电渣重熔前后及电渣过程不同冷却强度下,GCr15轴承钢中碳化物的行为和组织变化.结果表明,GCr15轴承钢中主要以M3C型的液析碳化物为主,铸态轴承钢中心偏析严重;经过电渣重熔,钢锭表面光洁,致密度高,碳化物细小且分布均匀.随着电渣重熔冷却强度的增大,GCr15轴承钢中粗大的碳化物数量明显减少,破碎成粒径小、形状规则、分布弥散均匀的圆粒状,能够有效改善碳化物偏析.增大电渣重熔冷却强度,能够缩短凝固时间,缩小树枝晶间距,可以大大减轻树枝偏析.