阻燃型氢氧化镁表面改性研究

通过采用硬脂酸对氢氧化镁进行表面改性的试验,阐述了硬脂酸的用量、时间、温度等各种因素对氢氧化镁改性的影响。活化指数测定结果表明改性后的氢氧化镁由亲水疏油性变成了亲油疏水性;红外光谱表明硬脂酸与氢氧化镁之间形成了化学键。     

阻燃型氢氧化镁表面改性研究

通过采用硬脂酸对氢氧化镁进行表面改性的试验，阐述了硬脂酸的用量、时间、温度等各种因素对氢氧化镁改性的影响。活化指数测定结果表明改性后的氢氧化镁由亲水疏油性变成了亲油疏水性；红外光谱表明硬脂酸与氢氧化镁之间形成了化学键。     

造纸污泥的表面改性及其作用机理的初步研究

采用9种改性试剂对造纸污泥进行表面改性,通过分析改性产物的活化指数,得出改性效果最佳的试剂是硬脂酸。通过正交实验和单因素实验探讨了硬脂酸改性造纸污泥的适宜工艺条件,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对硬脂酸改性造纸污泥的作用机理进行了初步分析。结果表明,当硬脂酸用量(对污泥绝干质量)为4.0%、污泥悬浮液质量分数为8.0%、反应温度为60~70℃和反应时间为20 min时,改性污泥的活化指数可达99%以上;硬脂酸与造纸污泥颗粒发生了化学结合,在污泥颗粒表面产生了新的基团。     

造纸污泥的表面改性及其作用机理的初步研究

采用9种改性试剂对造纸污泥进行表面改性,通过分析改性产物的活化指数,得出改性效果最佳的试剂是硬脂酸。通过正交实验和单因素实验探讨了硬脂酸改性造纸污泥的适宜工艺条件,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪（FT-IR）对硬脂酸改性造纸污泥的作用机理进行了初步分析。结果表明,当硬脂酸用量（对污泥绝干质量）为4.0%、污泥悬浮液质量分数为8.0%、反应温度为60~70℃和反应时间为20 min时,改性污泥的活化指数可达99%以上;硬脂酸与造纸污泥颗粒发生了化学结合,在污泥颗粒表面产生了新的基团。     

硬脂酸改性氢氧化镁分散性能的研究

采用硬脂酸在线修饰沉淀法制备的氢氧化镁颗粒,并重点考察了反应温度、加料方式和硬脂酸添加量对氢氧化镁颗粒分散效果的影响。通过粒度分析、红外、热重、扫描电镜以及活度分析等手段对硬脂酸改性氢氧化镁效果进行了详细的表征。结果表明：氢氧化钠加到氯化镁（正加方式）更有利于氢氧化镁晶体的生长,减少团聚;当反应温度为70℃时能有效促进硬脂酸的溶解,加强硬脂酸分子的扩散,改性效果明显优于常温;当硬脂酸的添加量为1％（相对于氢氧化镁）时改性效果最佳,颗粒平均尺寸减小至10μm。红外及热重分析结果表明硬脂酸通过化学键合吸附在颗粒表面;且扫描电镜和活度分析结果进一步证明通过硬脂酸改性后的氢氧化镁分散效果得到明显改善。     

木薯淀粉交联羧甲基化改性及工艺优化

用搅拌球磨机活化木薯淀粉,将经活化60 min的木薯淀粉用环氧氯丙烷进行适度交联,再将交联淀粉与一氯乙酸钠通过干法工艺制备交联羧甲基复合淀粉.以取代度为评价指标,探讨交联度、反应温度、反应时间、一氯乙酸钠用量、氢氧化钠用量和含水量等因素对淀粉羧甲基化反应的影响,通过正交试验优化制备条件.结果表明,使用中等交联度的交联淀粉在反应时间150 min、反应温度55℃、淀粉与一氯乙酸钠的摩尔比0.55、淀粉与氢氧化钠的摩尔比0.50,体系含水量24％的条件下制得的复合淀粉取代度为0.841.     

淀粉-硬脂酸钠改性GCC的制备

针对造纸常用填料GCC加填时纸张强度严重下降的问题,利用淀粉-硬脂酸反应形成复合物包覆在碳酸钙表面的方法对其表面改性,探索最佳工艺条件。结果表明:淀粉-硬脂酸钠复合物改性GCC的较佳工艺条件为:淀粉用量为GCC质量的100%,硬脂酸钠用量为GCC质量的3%,包覆反应温度85℃,包覆反应时间40 min。改性GCC粒径从14.8μm增大到36.2μm,且分布范围变窄。     

硬脂酸木薯微晶淀粉酯的制备工艺条件优化

通过研究反应温度、硬脂酸用量和反应时间对微晶淀粉酯化反应的影响,确定了合成硬脂酸木薯微晶淀粉酯的最佳工艺条件:硬脂酸质量分数1%(以100 g微晶淀粉计,干基),反应温度139℃,反应时间4 h,且在最佳工艺条件下产品取代度达到0.010 5.反应效率为89.57%.各因素对酯化反应影响显著性由大至小依次为:反应温度、反应时间、硬脂酸的用量,三因素之间对取代度的影响存在一定的交互关系.     

木薯淀粉干法疏水改性研究

采用干法技术对木薯淀粉进行疏水改性处理,通过搅拌活化,在淀粉颗粒表面包上一层疏水性物质,制备得到具有强疏水性的木薯淀粉。通过活化指数指标,对改性前后木薯淀粉的疏水性进行评价。结果表明,偶联剂用量3%,转速1000 r/min,温度100℃,活化时间20 min,可获得活化指数99%的理想疏水效果。木薯淀粉由亲水性表面转变为强疏水性表面。     

复合酶法提取薯蓣皂素的研究

该文探索了复合酶法提取薯蓣皂素的新工艺.考察了反应时间、加酶量、反应温度、pH值、搅拌转速等因素对提取薯蓣皂素产率的影响.通过正交试验设计对薯蓣皂素提取率影响较大的4个因素:反应时间、反应温度、pH值、搅拌转速进行优化,得到复合酶法提取薯蓣皂素的最优工艺条件为50℃,pH值为5,搅拌转速25r/min,反应时间30h.在此条件下,薯蓣皂素的提取率为4.88％.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the