Moisture diffusion coefficients of a PE/PA composite membrane in an enthalpy exchanger for heat and moisture recovery

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - Paper membranes have long been used in an enthalpy exchanger. However, there has been a continuous concern on the durability or the anti-bacterial...     

Experimental study on heat transfer characteristics of water-spray-bed heat exchanger

An experimental study was conducted on a water-spray-bed heat exchanger to investigate the heat transfer characteristics. A laboratory-scale test rig was built and its heat transfer characteristics were investigated with respect to various design and operation parameters such as the water spray flow rate, exhaust gas flow rate and number of tube rows. It was found that the implementation of the water spray increased the heat transfer rate to about 1.3 - 2.2 times that of a heat exchanger without water spray, although with a slight increase in the pressure loss. It was thus confirmed that the water spray was effective for enhancing condensing heat recovery from an exhaust gas.

     

A numerical study on heat transfer characteristics in a spray column direct contact heat exchanger

A reliable computational heat transfer model has been investigated to define the heat transfer characteristics of a spray column direct contact heat exchanger, which is often utilized in the process involving counterflows for heat and mass transfer operations. Most of the previous studies investigated are one-dimensional unsteady solutions based on rather fragmentary experimental data. Development of a multidimensional numerical model and a computational algorithm are essential to analyze the inherent multidimensional characteristics of a direct contact heat exchanger. The present study has been carried out numerically and establishes a solid simulation algorithm for the operation of a direct contact heat exchanger. Operational and system parameters such as the speed and direction of working fluid droplets at the injection point, and the effects of aspect ratio and void fraction of continuous fluid are examined thoroughly as well to assess their influence on the performance of a spray column.     

Evaporation heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of r-134a in the oblong shell and plate heat exchanger

The evaporation heat transfer coefficienthr and frictional pressure drop δp_f of refrigerant R-134a flowing in the oblong shell and plate heat exchanger were investigated experimentally in this study. Four vertical counterflow channels were formed in the oblong shell and plate heat exchanger by four plates of geometry with a corrugated sinusoid shape of a 45° chevron angle. Upflow of refrigerant R-134a boils in two channels receiving heat from downflow of hot water in other channels. The effects of the refrigerant mass flux, average heat flux, refrigerant saturation temperature and vapor quality of R- 134a were explored in detail. Similar to the case of a plate heat exchanger, even at a very low Reynolds number, the flow in the oblong shell and plate heat exchanger remains turbulent. The results indicate that the evaporation heat transfer coefficienthr and pressure drop Δp_f increase with the vapor quality. A rise in the refrigerant mass flux causes an increase in theh _r and Δp_f. But the effect of the average heat flux does not show significant effect on the h_r and Δp_f. Finally, at a higher saturation temperature, both theh _r and Δp_f are found to be lower. The empirical correlations are also provided for the measured heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in terms of the Nusselt number and friction factor.     

Heat transfer enhancement for fin-tube heat exchanger using vortex generators

Vortex generators are fabricated on the fin surface of a fin-tube heat exchanger to augment the convective heat transfer. In addition to horseshoe vortices formed naturally around the tube of the fin-tube heat exchanger, longitudinal vortices are artificially created on the fin surface by vortex generators. The purpose of this study is to investigate the local heat transfer phenomena in the fin-tube heat exchangers with and without vortex generators, and to evaluate the effect of vortices on the heat transfer enhancement. Naphthalene sublimation technique is employed to measure local mass transfer coefficients, then analogy equation between heat and mass transfer is used to calculate heat transfer coefficients. Experiments are performed for the model of fin-circular tube heat exchangers with and without vortex generators, and of fin-flat tube heat exchangers with and without vortex generators. Average heat transfer coefficients of fin-flat tube heat exchanger without vortex generator are much lower than those of fin-circular tube heat exchanger. On the other hand, fin-flat tube heat exchanger with vortex generators has much higher heat transfer value than conventional fin-circular tube heat exchanger. At the same time, pressure losses for four types of heat exchanger is measured and compared.     

翅片热板散热器的传热研究

在已设计的翅片热板散热器基础上进行了传热性能实验,对于充装不同工质、工质充装量、翅片热板散热器的工作方式等因素都进行了较深入的传热测试,分析这些因素对翅片热板散热器传热性能的影响.同时对翅片热板散热器的瞬态和稳态传热性能也进行了实验测试,分析了瞬态、稳态表面温度变化曲线,并进行了传热性能比较分析,讨论了工质充装量、倾斜角度等对翅片热板散热器传热性能的影响.     

等效焓降法在烟气余热换热器节能中的应用

等效焓降法是基于热力学的热功转换原理。本文用等效焓降的方法分析了热力系统加装烟气换热器的节能效果。论证了锅炉余热的热经济性效果,并以600MW机组为例,对凝结水返回系统不同位置的四种方案进行了比较。最后通过定量计算得出加装烟气余热换热器对热力系统节能的重要作用。对工程实践有重要的指导意义。     

Characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer in a fluidized heat exchanger with circulating solid particles

The commercial viability of heat exchanger is mainly dependent on its long-term fouling characteristic because the fouling increases the pressure loss and degrades the thermal performance of a heat exchanger. An experimental study was performed to investigate the characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer in a fluidized bed heat exchanger with circulating various solid particles. The present work showed that the higher densities of particles had higher drag force coefficients, and the increases in heat transfer were in the order of sand, copper, steel, aluminum, and glass below Reynolds number of 5,000.     

Analysis of operating characteristics of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell coupled with an air supply system

Balance-of-plant components, especially the air supply system, have a critical impact on the operating condition, performance, and reliability of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs). Thus, we investigated the performance and operating characteristics of a coupled system integrating a PEMFC and an air supply unit. The performance characteristics of the fuel cell stack were modeled using a semi-experimental correlation, and the operating characteristics of a shell-and-tube type membrane humidifier was modeled using heat and mass transfer principles. The models of both components were validated. A turbo-blower determined the condition of the air supplied to the humidifier and its characteristics were modeled using a performance map. A program was developed to simulate the operation of a PEMFC system consisting of the fuel cell stack and the air supply unit, and its operating characteristics at various conditions were investigated. In particular, the effects of operating conditions (ambient temperature and load) on the performance of both the humidifier and the fuel cell stack were examined, and the variations of critical operating parameters were analyzed.     

异型管在热管换热器中传热数值模拟研究

针对热管换热器中热管具有高效传热特性,在诸多领域有着极其重要的应用。应用fluent计算软件对三种不同形状的热管的传热性能进行研究,并研究三角形热管与四边形热管混排的传热性,并比较它们之间的传热效果。分析得出:圆形热管的传热系数从前排到后排近似符合抛物线分布;三角形热管的热管系数从前排到后排维持高的传热系数不变,在此热管换热器中三角形热管的综合传热性能最好,能起到强化传热的效果;正方形热管和正方形与三角形热管从前排到后排传热系数近似符合指数分布。     

加氢装置高压换热器密封的分析比较

就加氢装置中高压换热器密封结构的3种型式：八角垫密封、螺纹锁紧环密封、Ω形环密封的工作原理、结构特点、密封载荷、泄漏原因等方面进行了分析和比较,提出的问题和建议对加氢装置中高压换热器密封的设计和使用有较大帮助。     

Effect of particle ingestion on the fouling reduction and heat transfer enhancement of a No-Distributor-Fluidized heat exchanger

To overcome the fouling problem that is common in heat exchangers for waste heat recovery, a new type of fluidized heat exchanger was devised and tested. Fluidized bed heat exchangers are considered to be a good candidate for waste heat recovery flue gases due to their demonstrated ability to avoid fouling or to clean out deposition on heat transfer surfaces, but have a major drawback with significant pressure losses. These pressure drops typically associated with the distributor plate, which is a key component in constructing any conventional fluidized bed system, limit the applicability of fluidized bed heat exchangers for use as an energy saving device. In a new design, however, dilute gassolid particulate is maintained without having a distributor plate. The main feature of this no-distributor-fluidized (NDF) heat exchanger is the self-cleaning action by ingested circulating particles at minimal additional pressure loss. In the present study, a multi riser NDF heat exchanger of 7,000 kcal/hr capacity was built to evaluate its heat transfer performance and fouling reduction characteristics. To experimentally simulate the fouled condition, fuel rich combustion gas with soot was introduced to the heat exchanger, then a cleaning test was performed by introducing glass bead particles (600μm) inside the gas passage of the heat exchanger unit. Through the present experimental study, the performance degradation due to fouling was successfully demonstrated and the cleaning role of particle circulation was identified. It was also demonstrated that small amounts of circulating particles contribute not only to the fouling reduction on the gas side, but also to the heat transfer enhancement. Experimental operation data for 50 hours including accelerated fouling are obtained to simulate the long-term behavior of the system.     

Combined heat and mass transfer analysis during the dehumidification process within a plate type heat exchanger

Liquid desiccant systems have been paid attention because of its advantages in energy saving and an environmental friendliness. The use of liquid desiccant systems offers design and performance advantages over the solid desiccant systems, especially when solar energy is used for regeneration. The objective of this paper is to analyze the simultaneous heat and mass transfer characteristics of lithium chloride aqueous solution for the plate type dehumidification system. The effects of process air and solution inlet conditions on the dehumidification performance are studied in this study. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient of the air side gives much more significant effect on the absorption rate and dehumidification effectiveness than those of the solution and the coolant sides while the mass transfer coefficient of the solution side gives more significant effect than that of the air side. It is also found that the solution concentration is the most important factor for absorption performance improvement during the dehumidification process.     

R134a冷水机组用高效换热管的试验研究及应用

通过换热管测试台对A、B2种双侧强化蒸发管的换热性能进行了测试研究。研究结果显示：对于同一管型而言,在工况不变的情况下,管内流速在1．0-2．0m／s时,换热管的综合换热系数会随着管内水流速的增加而呈上升趋势：两者的综合换热系数与其外齿周向齿数和轴向齿数有很大关系,外内齿数多综合换热系数高：新开发的高效换热蒸发管-B比原仃的蒸发管-A换热性能高6．6％。通过采用新开发的高效蒸发管-B每年可为公司节省成本约256．6余万元。     

纸基摩擦材料和摩擦盘的应用研究

纸基湿式摩擦材料已经广泛用于轿车和工业车辆的自动变速箱的离合器和制动器的摩擦衬面，根据动力换档变速箱和制动系的功率密度改进研究表明，湿式摩擦材料的多孔性和弹性对动摩擦系数和能量吸收能力有很大影响。本文研究了纸基摩擦材料多孔性和回弹性对摩擦特性和抗热性的影响，以及纸基摩擦盘的槽形对其使用寿命的影响。     

Development of a ball step-gauge and an interferometric stepper used for ball-plate calibration

We propose a new design artifact for the calibration of ball-plates, which are used to assess the performance of coordinate-measuring machines (CMMs) and to calibrate those. Though transferring a length standard is necessary for ball-plate calibration, gauge-blocks are usually used for it. We think that the gauge-blocks are not appropriate gauges for transferring the length standard because of their shape. Therefore, we develop a new artifact, which we call a ball step-gauge. The ball step-gauge consists of a steel bar having the shape of an H and seven ceramic balls. It is rigid and lightweight. In addition, it can be calibrated precisely using special equipment with a laser interferometer; thus it can be used as a transfer length standard in the ball-plates calibration; furthermore, we discuss the uncertainties in measurements using the new interferometric equipment we developed.     

Heat transfer characteristics of gaseous slip flow in a micro-channel

Two-dimensional compressible momentum and energy equations with slip boundary conditions are solved to obtain the heat transfer characteristics of gaseous slip flow in a micro-channel with CWT (constant wall temperature) whose temperature is lower or higher than the inlet temperature (cooled case or heated case). The numerical methodology is based on the Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method. The stagnation temperature is fixed at 300 K and the computations were done for the wall temperature which ranges from 250 K to 350 K. The channel height ranges from 2 to 10 μm and the channel aspect ratio is 200. The stagnation pressure is chosen in such a way that the exit Mach number ranges from 0.1 to 0.7. The outlet pressure is fixed at atmospheric condition. The bulk temperature and the total temperature of the heated case are compared with those of the cooled case and also compared with temperatures of the incompressible flow in a conventional sized channel. Heat transfer characteristics of the gaseous flow are different from those of the liquid flow. And they are also different from each cooled and heated case. A correlation for the prediction of the heat transfer rate of the gaseous slip flow in a micro-channel is proposed.     

Thermal performance analysis of heat exchanger for closed wet cooling tower using heat and mass transfer analogy

In closed wet cooling towers, the heat transfer between the air and external tube surfaces can be composed of the sensible heat transfer and the latent heat transfer. The heat transfer coefficient can be obtained from the equation for external heat transfer of tube banks. According to experimental data, the mass transfer coefficient was affected by the air velocity and spray water flow rate. This study provides the correlation equation for mass transfer coefficient based on the analogy of the heat and mass transfer and the experimental data. The results from this correlation equation showed fairly good agreement with experimental data. The cooling capacity and thermal efficiency of the closed wet cooling tower were calculated from the correlation equation to analyze the performance of heat exchanger for the tower.     

翅片热板散热器的传热数值模拟研究

采用有限元法,应用ANSYS软件的热分析功能对翅片热板散热器的传热性能进行了数值模拟,并计算出该散热器表面的瞬态温度变化曲线,与实验测试结果吻合得较好.最后的研究结果表明:所研制的新型功率电子元器件翅片热板散热器散热性能良好,具有良好的启动性能和等温性能.     

Heat transfer and pressure drop amidst frost layer presence for the full geometry of fin-tube heat exchanger

The present study numerically solves the flow and thermal fields in the full geometry of heat exchanger modeling with frost layer presence on the heat exchanger surface. The effects of air inlet velocity, air inlet temperature, frost layer thickness, fin pitch, fin thickness, and heat exchanger shape on the thermo-hydraulic performance of a fin-tube heat exchanger are investigated. Heat transfer rate rises with increasing air inlet velocity and temperature, and decreasing frost layer thickness and fin pitch. Pressure drop rises with increasing air inlet velocity and frost layer thickness, and decreasing fin pitch. The effect of fin thickness on heat transfer and pressure drop is negligible. Based on the present results, we derived the correlations, which express pressure drop and temperature difference between air inlet and outlet as a function of air inlet velocity and temperature, as well as frost layer thickness.