Temperature sensor based on PNR in Sagnac interferometer

A temperature sensor based on polarization non-reciprocity (PNR) in fiber-optic Sagnac interferometer (FSI) was proposed. The experimental study was made primarily and the results agree with theory well.Discussion shows that this kind of temperature sensor can achieve high precision and have great application potential.     

Fiber-optic sensor array based on Sagnac interferometer with stablephase bias

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel fiber sensor array based on a Sagnac interferometer with very simple electronic signal processing. A stable quadrature phase bias was obtained using a phase modulator, and the polarization-induced signal fading was suppressed by using a depolarizer and a broad-band source. A phase sensitivity of about 4.0 μrad_rms/√Hz at 5 kHz was obtained using a two-sensor array     

A tension insensitive PbS fiber temperature sensor based on Sagnac interferometer

In this paper, a tension insensitive PbS fiber temperature sensor based on Sagnac interferometer is proposed and demonstrated. The sensing mechanism of tension and temperature is analyzed. The relationships between the interference spectrum, temperature and tension are analyzed, respectively. The experimental temperature range is 36—70 °C. The experimental results show that the interference spectrum is red shifted, and its sensitivity is 53.89 pm/°C. In tension experiment, the tension range is 0—1 400 με. The experimental results show that there is no wavelength shift in the interference spectrum. The sensor is immune to tension cross-sensitivity compared with other sensors. It can be used for temperature testing in aerospace, chemistry and pharmacy.     

Elimination of birefringence induced scale factor errors in thein-line Sagnac interferometer current sensor

This paper presents theoretical and experimental results showing the effects of linear and circular birefringence on the sensing coil of an in-line Sagnac interferometer current sensor. Linear birefringence induces local scale factor variations along the length of the sensing coil which can be suppressed with circular birefringence. We show that by winding the sensing coil with tension in a helix configuration, these variations may be effectively reduced to zero for ordinary single mode fiber. In our opinion, this method of implementation overcomes the need to use annealed fiber in the sensing coil     

Nanosecond thermal fiber switch using a Sagnac interferometer

We demonstrate a new, fast, and stable all-optical fiber switch based on the TOAD principle. It utilizes a transient thermal phase shift induced by a short pump pulse to cause switching in a cobalt (Co)-doped fiber placed in a Sagnac fiber loop. Switched pulses as short as 7-ns were observed in a 2-m loop containing a 2.55-cm length of Co-doped fiber pumped with 12-ns pulses. Compared to other all-optical switches using doped fibers, this switch offers a dramatic increase in speed and stability, and a sizable reduction in fiber length requirement     

Frequency modulated heterodyne optical fiber Sagnac interferometer

This paper describes a new approach to the detection of rotation rate using the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer. An inherently reciprocal heterodyne system gives the advantages in terms of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR's) of heterodyne detection, while independent electronic monitoring of each propagation path through the interferometer significantly enhances signal processing flexibility. The system may thus be used as a probe to evaluate fiber properties in a way compatible with other architectures, and these measurements should lead to advances in performance characteristics. A prototype system has exhibited noise levels in the region of 100°/h, and improvement to the signal processing will soon improve on this figure.     

Monolithically integrated nonlinear Sagnac interferometer and itsapplication as a 20 Gbit/s all-optical demultiplexer

A Sagnac interferometer consisting of a semiconductor laser amplifier and a 3 dB coupler monolithically integrated within a waveguide loop mirror is fabricated and its application as a 20 Gbit/s all-optical demultiplexer is demonstrated     

A variable-loop Sagnac interferometer for distributed impactsensing

A variable-loop fiber optic Sagnac interferometer is designed to locate a time-varying disturbance. Phase perturbation on a Sagnac loop produces a nonreciprocal phase signal which contains information of the perturbation location. Both location and amplitude of the perturbation can be determined by combining two phase signals from the variable-loop Sagnac interferometer. Spatial resolution better than 1 m has been demonstrated in a 180 m prototype system     

Position determination of an acoustic burst along a Sagnac interferometer

We report on a method to measure the longitudinal position of an acoustic burst, or spark, using an all-fiber Sagnac interferometer (SI). A focused pulsed /spl sim/10 ns laser is used to ionize air creating the spark. This ionization point is situated near a coil of test fiber connected to the SI but acoustically separated from the bulk of the SI. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) performed on the temporal signal of the SI shows a series of s from which the position of the acoustic signal is determined. Over an SI length of /spl sim/35 km, longitudinal positions are determined to within tens of meters, corresponding to a best run percent uncertainty of 0.07%.     

An ultrasonic fiber-optic hydrophone incorporating a push-pulltransducer in a Sagnac interferometer

A theoretical and experimental analysis of a push-pull acoustic transducer incorporated in a Sagnac interferometer is presented. The transducer is optimized for detection of ultrasonic signals in the frequency range 0.4-1.5 MHz. Two different configurations are investigated. In one, the sensing fiber forming the transducer constitutes the total loop length, and in the second an additional delay coil is included in the middle section of the Sagnac loop. In the latter we demonstrate experimentally noise-equivalent pressures of 36-43 dB re. 1 μPa/Hz^1/2 in the frequency range 0.4-1.0 MHz. An approximate theoretical model is presented, and we obtain reasonable agreement between theory and experiment for both the frequency-dependent noise equivalent pressure and the directional responsivity of this push-pull acoustic fiber-optic sensor     

Nonlinear Sagnac interferometer switch and its applications

Ultrafast all-optical switching based on the optical Kerr effect in a Sagnac interferometer which consists of a dichroic polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and dispersion-shifted polarization-maintaining fiber loop is reported. This nonlinear Sagnac interferometer switch has the advantage of high stability originating from completely balanced interfering arms. In addition, because dispersion-shifted fibers were used, increases in switching power and switching time were prevented. Moreover, polarization fluctuation was completely suppressed due to the all-polarization maintaining fiber configuration. The required switching power for complete switching was measured to be 1.8 W for a 200-m-long fiber. All-optical time division demultiplexing and logic operations, including inversion and operation, using the nonlinear Sagnac interferometer switch were successfully demonstrated at 5 Gb/s     

Nonlinear switching behaviours in a compact all-semiconductoroptical-amplifier Sagnac interferometer device

Nonlinear switching effects in a GaAs-AlGaAs all-semiconductor optical-amplifier loop device with a multimode interference waveguide amplifier (MMIWA) for closing the loop was investigated experimentally and numerically. The miniaturized device, designed to imitate a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM), has a latency more than one hundred times smaller than that of a NOLM. Also, because it used an MMIWA for replacing a coupler in a conventional NOLM, its operation was quite different from that previously reported. In CW signal operation, the nonlinear switching behaviour resulted from the combined effect of nonlinear coupling in the MMIWA and the amplification and lateral field redistribution of the signal through the loop structure. Efficient self-switching and cross-polarized switching were observed. Numerical simulations showed consistent trends in varying device parameters     

全光纤微型珐-珀干涉式高温传感器

通过在单模光纤SMF28e后有轴心偏移地熔接一段特种光子晶体光纤(MM-HNA-5)制作了一种全光纤微型珐-珀(F-P)干涉仪.分析了这种干涉仪的光学原理和形成机理,并利用MM-HNA-5光纤热光系数较大的特点,将这种干涉仪应用于温度测量.实验结果表明:这种干涉传感器可测量的高温范围可达1 200℃,远大于常规传感器的测量范围,且当干涉腔长为3.46 mm 时,其光程差的温度灵敏度约为103 nm/℃,线性度为O.995 7.可以预见:这种结构稳定、体积小、精度高、测温范围广的全光纤F-P干涉温度传感器在国防及民用工业中将具有极大的潜在应用价值.     

A subnanosecond polarization-independent tunable filter/wavelength router using a Sagnac interferometer

A high-speed, polarization independent, electrooptic tunable filter was built using a birefringence modulator within a Sagnac interferometer. Switching times less than 0.5 ns were achieved in our experiment for this filter. Application in highspeed wavelength routing was also demonstrated.     

The energy-limiting characteristics of a polarization-maintaining Sagnac interferometer with an intraloop compressively strained quantum-well saturable absorber

An experimental demonstration of an energy limiter for short pulses at 1550 nm is reported. The limiter is based on an optical fiber Sagnac loop with an intraloop dichroic saturable absorber based on an InGaAsP-based waveguide with compressively strained multiple quantum wells. The saturable absorber is placed asymmetrically in the loop and is used as a Kerr-like nonlinear phase shifter. The device is operated in a novel dual polarization scheme, which offers some unique advantages. Excellent limiting for noise reduction purposes is demonstrated with the device.     

Integrated-optic interferometer position sensor

A fully integrated interferometer position/displacement sensor with direction-discrimination capability is discussed. The device is constructed by integrating three kinds of grating components and a pair of photodiodes in a glass waveguide on a silicon substrate and by butt-coupling a single-mode laser diode. Interference signals corresponding to mirror movement were obtained experimentally over a 15-cm range with a 0.39-μm modulation period     

Measurements of fundamental thermal induced phase fluctuations inthe fiber of a Sagnac interferometer

We demonstrate measurements of fundamental thermal induced phase fluctuations in the fiber-loop of a Sagnac interferometer. Loop lengths of 1.1 and 2.2 km are considered, showing phase noise levels between ~0.2-1.4 μrad rms/√(Hz) in the frequency range 1-100 kHz. Good agreement between theory and experiment is demonstrated. We show that the frequency dependent noise floor can have a considerable impact on threshold detection's for a Sagnac based sensor for detection of reciprocal measurands, as well as on the random walk coefficient in fiber optic gyroscopes     

基于Sagnac干涉仪的多点局部放电检测系统

提出了一种基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪用于多点局部放电超声检测的光纤传感系统。该超声检测系统由光源、单模光纤延迟线、光纤耦合器、相位调制器、偏振控制器和对比度为1的光纤Sagnac干涉仪组成。首先介绍了传感系统的超声检测的原理,然后搭建了模拟局部放电超声实验平台,利用Nd∶YAG激光器照射钢板激发出的表面波和高频声源,针对局部放电超声在钢板和变压绝缘油中的传播情况进行了实验。实验结果证明了使用该系统用于局部放电超声检测的有效性,在100kHz～200kHz频率范围内,信噪比可达40dB以上,同时实验验证了该Sagnac传感器对局部放电超声的多点检测能力。该光纤超声检测系统结构简单,频率响应高,成本低廉在局部放电等领域有着巨大潜力。     

A method for measuring the eigenfrequency of the fiber coil of a Sagnac interferometer

A method for determining the eigenfrequencies of the fiber coils used in sensors based on a Sagnac interferometer is proposed. In this method, the fiber coil is used as the main part of an external resonator of a laser diode. The method is simple and reliable, and a high accuracy of measurements is ensured.