一种Au-Si键合强度检测结构与试验

设计了一种Au-Si键合强度检测结构.通过对一组不同尺寸压臂式测试结构的检测,可以由结构尺寸半定量地折算出键合面的键合强度;采用同一结构尺寸,可以比较不同条件下键合强度的相对大小;此结构还可用于其它类型键合强度的比较和测试.通过压臂法检测了Au-Si键合强度,其数值高于硅片基体本身的强度.     

一种Au-Si键合强度检测结构与试验

设计了一种Au-Si键合强度检测结构。通过对一组不同尺寸压臂式测试结构的检测，可以由结构尺寸半定量地折算出键合面的键合强度；采用同一结构尺寸，可以比较不同条件下键合强度的相对大小；此结构还可用于其它类型键合强度的比较和测试。通过压臂法检测了Au-Si键合强度，其数值高于硅片基体本身的强度。     

利用金属过渡层低温键合硅晶片

在Si/Si之间采用Ti/Au金属过渡层,实现了Si/Si低温键合,键合温度可低至414 ℃.采用拉伸强度测试对Si/Si键合结构的界面特性进行测试,结果表明,键合强度高于1.27MPa;I-V测试表明,Si/Ti/Au/Ti/Si键合界面基本为欧姆接触;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试结果进一步表明,界面主要为Si-Au共晶合金.不同温度的变温退火实验表明,键合温度越高,键合强度越大,且渐变退火有利于提高键合强度.     

利用金属过渡层低温键合硅晶片

在Si/Si之间采用Ti/Au金属过渡层,实现了Si/Si低温键合,键合温度可低至414 ℃.采用拉伸强度测试对Si/Si键合结构的界面特性进行测试,结果表明,键合强度高于1.27MPa;I-V测试表明,Si/Ti/Au/Ti/Si键合界面基本为欧姆接触;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试结果进一步表明,界面主要为Si-Au共晶合金.不同温度的变温退火实验表明,键合温度越高,键合强度越大,且渐变退火有利于提高键合强度.     

用于高亮LED的Si键合研究

在Si和外延层之间使用一层薄金属层作为高效反射镜的所谓"镜面衬底",不但有助于提高芯片的出光效率,同时把键合温度降低到300℃以下。利用Au/In合金的方法,来实现用于高亮LED的Si片与AlGaInP四元外延片的键合。实验表明,在温度为250℃时,利用Au/In作为焊料,Si片与AlGaInP四元外延片可以实现比较好的键合,键合面可以达到60%。通过研磨减薄、X-ray测试和扫描电镜(SEM)测试得出键合面的界面特性,通过能谱分析得出键合面的物质分别为AuIn2和AuIn,实验测试得出此时Au的原子数占33.31%,In的原子数占36.64%。     

压阻加速度计的Au-Si共晶键合

通过将压阻加速度计上帽与结构片的键合 ( 36 5℃保温 10min) ,再进行下帽与结构片的键合 ( 380± 10℃保温2 0min) ,成功进行了三层键合 .测得的键合强度约为 2 30MPa.硅片 基体 /SiO2 /Cr/Au层和硅片之间键合时 ,SiO2 溶解而形成CrSi2 硅化物 .共晶反应因Cr层而被推迟 ,键合温度高出共晶温度 2 0℃左右 ,从而避免了由于Au元素向硅中扩入而造成的污染 ,进而避免可能造成的对集成微电子器件性能的影响 .试验还证明硅基体 SiO2 /Cr/Au/Poly Si/Au键合层结构设计模型也遵循这一键合过程中的原子扩散理论.     

硅／硅直接键合制备p^＋／n^—和n^—／n^—结构

本文采用Si/Si直接键合制备p~+/n~-、n~-/n~-结构的工艺原理及方法。通过实验,摸索出了一种有效的表面清洗-高温处理Si/Si键合工艺;采用该工艺制出了p~+/n~-、n~-/n~-样片;对键合的微观结构、键合强度、杂质分布及电接触特性进行了检测。     

Ni/Pd/Au镀层的键合可靠性

研究了陶瓷外壳不同厚度Ni/Pd/Au镀层的键合可靠性,并分析了金丝球焊、硅铝丝楔焊和粗铝丝楔焊经300℃不同时间贮存后键合强度变化及键合失效模式变化,并与Ni/Au镀层键合进行了对比。研究结果表明,随着Au层厚度的增加,相同键合参数、相同镀层的金丝球焊的键合强度一致性有明显提升,随高温贮存时间增加,Ni/Pd/Au镀层的金丝键合强度一致性变差;相同实验条件下、不同镀层外壳的硅铝丝键合强度基本一致,300℃、1 h贮存后硅铝丝键合强度降低,随着高温贮存时间的增加,硅铝丝键合强度变化不大;随Au层厚度的增加,粗铝丝楔焊键合强度一致性变差,且失效模式主要为键合点脱落。     

Si/Ti/Au/Si键合技术研究及其应用

运用Si／Ti／Au／Au／Ti／Si在N2保护下及420℃左右，成功地实现了Au／Si共熔键合，成品率达到90％以上。该键合方法能进行选择区域键合，完全避免了由于Si／Si熔融键合过程中高温退火给微电子机械系统(MEMS)器件带来的畸变甚至失效，为新型室温红外探测器的研制奠定了良好的工艺基础，是此类结构MEMS器件的理想键合封装方法。     

压阻加速度计的Au-Si共晶键合

通过将压阻加速度计上帽与结构片的键合(365℃保温10min),再进行下帽与结构片的键合(380±10℃保温20min),成功进行了三层键合.测得的键合强度约为230MPa.硅片-基体/SiO2/Cr/Au层和硅片之间键合时,SiO2溶解而形成CrSi2硅化物.共晶反应因Cr层而被推迟,键合温度高出共晶温度20℃左右,从而避免了由于Au元素向硅中扩入而造成的污染,进而避免可能造成的对集成微电子器件性能的影响.试验还证明硅基体-SiO2/Cr/Au/Poly-Si/Au键合层结构设计模型也遵循这一键合过程中的原子扩散理论.     

用于MEMS器件芯片级封装的金-硅键合技术研究

MEMS器件大都含有可动的硅结构 ,在器件加工过程中 ,特别是在封装过程中极易受损 ,大大影响器件的成品率。如果能在MEMS器件可动结构完成以后 ,加上一层封盖保护 ,可以显著提高器件的成品率和可靠性。本文提出了一种用于MEMS芯片封盖保护的金 硅键合新结构 ,实验证明此方法简单实用 ,效果良好。该技术与器件制造工艺兼容 ,键合温度低 ,有足够的键合强度 ,不损坏器件结构 ,实现了MEMS器件的芯片级封装。我们已经将此技术成功地应用于射流陀螺的制造工艺中     

在SiO2中掺Al对Au/纳米(SiO2/Si/SiO2)/p-Si 结构电致发光的影响

利用射频磁控溅射方法,制成纳米SiO2层厚度一定而纳米Si层厚度不同的纳米(SiO2/Si/SiO2)/p-Si结构和纳米(SiO2∶Al/Si/SiO2∶Al)/p-Si结构,用磁控溅射制备纳米SiO2∶Al时所用的SiO2/Al复合靶中的Al的面积百分比为1%．上述两种结构中Si层厚度均为1—3nm,间隔为0.2nm．为了对比研究,还制备了Si层厚度为零的样品．这两种结构在900℃氮气下退火30min,正面蒸半透明Au膜,背面蒸Al作欧姆接触后,都在正向偏置下观察到电致发光（EL）．在一定的正向偏置下,EL强度和峰位以及电流都随Si层厚度的增加而同步振荡,位相相同．但掺Al结构的发光强度普遍比不掺Al结构强．另外,这两种结构的EL具体振荡特性有明显不同．对这两种结构的电致发光的物理机制和SiO2中掺Al的作用进行了分析和讨论．     

The Bond Strength of Au/Si Eutectic Bonding Studied by IR Microscope

The interface of Au/Si(100) eutectic bonding was investigated by infrared (IR) microscope and related to the bond strength. A strong relationship between the IR images and the bond strengths was found. Bond strength test showed that a strong bond has many square black spots in the IR images, whereas a poor bond has fewer or no square black spots. In order to study the nature of the relationship, the dissolution behavior of the bare Si(100) surface after bonding was investigated. During the Au/Si(100) eutectic reaction, the dissolution of the bare Si(100) surface primarily occurs by the formation of the craters which result in many square black spots in the IR images. The formation of the craters is ascribed to the anisotropic nature of Au/Si reaction that results in three-dimensional dissolution behavior on the bare Si(100) side. In order to further test the anisotropy hypothesis, Au/Si(111) bonding was also studied. Under the same bonding conditions, triangular black spots were observed in the IR images and triangular pits were found on the bare Si(111) surface. The analysis suggests that the craters on the bare Si(100) surface, in other words the square black spots in the IR images, are the indication of Au/Si(100) eutectic reaction. More craters mean a reaction between Au and Si(100), which occurs uniformly at the Au/Si(100) bonding interface compared to the case of fewer craters. No crater indicates that there is no eutectic reaction in the region. Therefore, the IR microscope may be used to evaluate and compare the different bond strengths qualitatively.      

基于Au/Au直接键合的高亮度ODRLED

提出利用Au/Au直接键合制作高亮度全方位反光镜(ODR)LED的新工艺。工艺采用Si做转移衬底,氧化铟锡(ITO)做窗口层和缓冲层,在0.35mPa压力,260°C的低温下实现Au/Au固相直接键合。直接键合后,Al-GaInP有源区与Si衬底结合牢固完整,保证了全方位反光镜的性能。在正向电流20mA下,键合ODR结构LED的正向压降是常规吸收衬底LED的80%,光输出功率和流明效率是常规吸收衬底LED的1.5倍和2.1倍。     

Fluxless Bonding of Large Silicon Chips to Ceramic Packages Using Electroplated Eutectic Au/Sn/Au Structures

A fluxless process of bonding large silicon chips to ceramic packages has been developed using a Au-Sn eutectic solder. The solder was initially electroplated in the form of a Au/Sn/Au multilayer structure on a ceramic package and reflowed at 430°C for 10 min to achieve a uniform eutectic 80Au-20Sn composition. A 9 mm × 9 mm silicon chip deposited with Cr/Au dual layers was then bonded to the ceramic package at 320°C for 3 min. The reflow and bonding processes were performed in a 50-mTorr vacuum to suppress oxidation. Therefore, no flux was used. Even without any flux, high-quality joints were produced. Microstructure and composition of the joints were studied using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectro- scopy. Scanning acoustic microscopy was used to verify the joint quality over the entire bonding area. To employ the x-ray diffraction method, samples were made by reflowing the Au/Sn/Au structure plated on a package. This was followed by a bonding process, without a Si chip, so that x-rays could scan the solder surface. Joints exhibited a typical eutectic structure and consisted of (Au,Ni)Sn and (Au,Ni)₅Sn phases. This novel fluxless bonding method can be applied to packaging of a variety of devices on ceramic packages. Its fluxless nature is particularly valuable for packaging devices that cannot be exposed to flux such as sensors, optical devices, medical devices, and laser diodes.     

High performance 1.55 /spl mu/m vertical external cavity surface emitting laser with broadband integrated dielectric-metal mirror

1.55 /spl mu/m room-temperature continuous-wave operation of a high performance optically pumped vertical external cavity surface emitting laser is reported. The structure includes an active region with strain compensated quantum wells, and a broadband SiN/sub x//Si/Au Bragg reflector transferred on an Si substrate by Au/In dry bonding. Output power of up to 45 mW is achieved at 0/spl deg/C, and continuous-wave operation is observed up to 45/spl deg/C.     

Fabrication of Si-nanowires controlled by spontaneously formed nanoholes on annealed Au thin films

Si nanowires (Si-NWs) were fabricated by a simple process that consists of deposition of Au thin films, annealing of the Au films to form porous structure and Si wet-etching using the kinetically appearing porous Au films as a template. The deformation behavior of the Au thin films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The nanohole diameter and density of the Au films can be controlled by selecting Au film thickness, annealing temperature and annealing time. The formation mechanism of these porous Au films can be explained by a model that consists of nanohole formation at the grain boundaries of the Au films and ridge formation by Au atom diffusion to the hole periphery. The ridge structure suppresses further deformation of the Au films and keeps the nanohole structure kinetically stable. When a thermal energy larger than the activation energy to destroy the ridge structure is supplied, it transforms to the island structure.     

热超声倒装焊在制作大功率GaN基LED中的应用

设计了适合于倒装的大功率GaN基LED芯片结构,在倒装基板硅片上制作了金凸点,采用热超声倒装焊接(FCB)技术将芯片倒装在基板上.测试结果表明获得的大面积金凸点连接的剪切力最高达53.93 g/bump,焊接后的GaN基绿光LED在350 mA工作电流下正向电压为3.0 V.将热超声倒装焊接技术用于制作大功率GaN基LED器件,能起到良好的机械互连和电气互连.     

Microstructure evolution of gold-tin eutectic solder on Cu and Ni substrates

The microstructures of the eutectic Au20Sn (wt.%) solder that developed on the Cu and Ni substrates were studied. The Sn/Au/Ni sandwich structure (2.5/3.75/2 μm) and the Sn/Au/Ni sandwich structure (1.83/2.74/5.8 μm) were deposited on Si wafers first. The overall composition of the Au and the Sn layers in these sandwich structures corresponded to the Au20Sn binary eutectic. The microstructures of the Au20Sn solder on the Cu and Ni substrates could be controlled by using different bonding conditions. When the bonding condition was 290°C for 2 min, the microstructure of Au20Sn/Cu and Au20Sn/Ni was a two-phase (Au₅Sn and AuSn) eutectic microstructure. When the bonding condition was 240°C for 2 min, the AuSn/Au₅Sn/Cu and AuSn/Au₅Sn/Ni diffusion couples were subjected to aging at 240°C. The thermal stability of Au20Sn/Ni was better than that of Au20Sn/Cu. Moreover, less Ni was consumed compared to that of Cu. This indicates that Ni is a more effective diffusion barrier material for the Au20Sn solder.