芦笋凝固酸奶的研制

芦笋是具较强保健功能的稀有蔬菜,通过对芦笋榨汁处理,乳品发酵菌种的选育驯化,辅、配料的选择与使用比例的确定,发酵工艺条件优化等一系列工艺研究,研制出营养丰富,适合中老年消费心理与保健功能的凝固酸奶。产品色泽微翠绿悦目,酸甜宜口,具较典型的芦笋风味。     

保健型芦笋酸奶的研制

芦笋是具有较强保健功能的稀有蔬菜。本文通过对芦笋榨汁处理，乳品发酵菌种的选育驯化，原辅料的选择与使用比例的确定，发酵工艺条件优化等一系列工艺研究，研制出营养丰富，适合中老年消费者的凝固酸奶。该产品色泽悦目、微翠绿，酸甜宜口，具典型的芦笋风味。     

芦笋营养价值及新型加工技术的研究

芦笋中含有丰富的芦笋多糖、黄酮类化合物、维生素、蛋白质和甾体皂苷等物质,这些营养物质在防癌、免疫调节、降血糖血脂、抗衰老和抗疲劳等方面存在良好的功效。随着人民消费水平的提高,芦笋加工开始从传统食品向保健食品转型升级,出现了芦笋茶、芦笋酒、芦笋酸乳和芦笋发酵香肠等新型芦笋加工产品。文章从芦笋的营养成分与功能出发,对新型芦笋产品芦笋茶、芦笋酒、芦笋酸乳和芦笋发酵香肠的制造工艺进行了详细的叙述,以期增加芦笋的附加值,为芦笋产业的发展提供新思路。     

芦笋清酒的研制

该试验以芦笋加工下脚料,皮、断头和糯米为原料,结合清酒发酵工艺,并经过特殊的勾兑调味研制芦笋清酒。结果芦笋和清酒的风味融为一体,保留了芦笋和清酒的营养成分;产品符合国家食品卫生标准,确定了合理的工艺和技术参数。     

酸味芦笋罐头的生产工艺研究

以等外级芦笋为原料制备酸味芦笋罐头,最佳工艺条件:芦笋切片后加入相同质量的水,乳酸菌接种量为3.5%,发酵温度为45℃,发酵时间6h,盐用量2%,白砂糖用量3%,柠檬酸添加量0.1%,辣椒粉用量0.012%。     

营养型芦笋醋饮料的研制

介绍了以芦笋为原料发酵成醋,然后配制成芦笋醋酸饮料的工艺过程。该产品不仅营养价值高,风味独特,而且还具有一定的保健作用。     

凝固型冷冻芦笋酸奶的工艺优化

以鲜牛奶、冷冻芦笋泥为原料制备凝固型酸奶,在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验优化了凝固型冷冻芦笋酸奶制作的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,冷冻芦笋泥添加量10%,白沙糖添加量8%,接种量4%(均为质量分数),发酵温度42℃,发酵时间4.5 h。所得产品色泽翠绿,口感适宜,营养丰富,具有一定的保健功能,同时延长了芦笋的加工周期、提高了利用率。     

马铃薯酸奶研制及贮藏期间的品质变化

以奶粉和马铃薯为原料研制马铃薯酸奶。研究了发酵时间、发酵温度、菌种添加量对酸奶发酵工艺的影响,以及搅拌速度、搅拌时间、马铃薯浆添加量对搅拌工艺的影响进行研究,并对贮藏期间马铃薯酸奶水分含量、pH、酸度、持水力、质构、流变的变化进行研究。结果表明:马铃薯酸奶的最佳发酵工艺为菌粉添加量0.02%,发酵温度41℃,发酵时间4.5h;最佳搅拌工艺为马铃薯浆添加量25.5%,搅拌速度90r/min,搅拌时间25min;在贮藏期间,马铃薯酸奶各项指标均有一定程度的增减,但与空白组相比变化幅度更小,说明品质更稳定。     

发酵奶油制备工艺研究

为了制备发酵奶油,通过单因素和正交试验,研究了发酵剂种类、发酵剂用量、发酵温度和时间对成品发酵奶油的影响,获得生产发酵奶油最佳工艺参数。结果表明,在稀奶油分离过程中,高温分离法(35~45℃)比低温分离法(3~10℃)效果好;稀奶油发酵时最佳工艺为采用LL-50发酵剂,发酵剂添加量为5%,在20℃发酵14 h;稀奶油搅拌的最适搅拌工艺为在10~13℃,50 r/min搅拌25 min。按照最优工艺制备的发酵奶油气味芬芳,组织细腻,具有良好的色、香、味及涂抹性能。     

米香型芦笋酒制作工艺研究

探究米香型芦笋酒的发酵方式、芦笋汁与糯米配比、发酵时间三个因素对芦笋酒还原糖量和酒精度的影响,并通过实验优化得到最佳参数:芦笋汁与糯米的配比为0. 8∶1,发酵方式为糯米蒸煮后先添加果酒酵母发酵48 h,再添加芦笋汁继续发酵95 h。按此参数制作的米香型芦笋酒还原糖量达8 g/L,酒精度为16. 20%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the