减压技术快速腌制松花蛋工艺条件的优化

本文采用真空减压技术,对以鲜鸭蛋为原料腌制松花蛋的工艺过程进行了分析和研究。本试验研究温度、真空度、每天维持真空度时间对松花蛋质量指标的影响,并通过正交试验研究出最佳工艺条件:温度为23℃,真空度为-0.01 MPa,每天维持真空度的时间为24 h。减压腌制法与常规腌制法对比,腌制时间由原来的25 d变为现在的6.5 d,腌制时间缩短了74%,且正品率达到97.5%。并以上述最佳工艺条件生产的松花蛋,经感官评定和质构、理化等指标的考察,品质最佳。     

快速发酵甜葫芦泡菜的研制

试验采用直投式菌粉快速发酵甜葫芦泡菜,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定最佳发酵条件.结果表明,发酵时菌粉投入量对甜葫芦泡菜品质影响最大,其次是发酵的温度.甜葫芦泡菜最佳工艺参数为:菌粉投入量0.003%、发酵温度30℃、食盐添加量4%;在此条件下,通过试验比较了直投式发酵与自然发酵方式下所得泡菜亚硝酸盐含量的变化.直投式发酵缩短了发酵周期,降低亚硝酸盐含量,其产品可食性、感官品质等均优于自然发酵法,且加工周期短,利于工业化生产.     

滚揉腌制工艺对西冷牛肉品质的影响

探讨滚揉腌制工艺中,时间、温度、真空压力、转速4个参数,对西冷牛肉的保水性、色泽及嫩度3个方面品质的影响。首先,单因素试验探究特定参数对牛肉品质的具体影响情况;再以嫩度为指标,经正交试验优化得到最佳工艺,对比空白试验组,探究最优情况工艺下,牛肉品质的变化情况;最后依据试验数据对各品质的相关性进行分析。结果表明,通过单因素试验可知,随着滚揉工艺参数的改善,牛肉的感官色泽、口感嫩度,对腌制液的吸收率均产生变化。根据单因素试验结果再经正交试验分析后,得到最佳牛肉滚揉腌制工艺,其参数为温度6℃、时间3h、真空度0.08MPa、转速为4r/min。此外,牛肉在滚揉工序中,各品质指标间存在着显著的相关性,其中剪切力与蒸煮损失、亮度值(L~*)、红度值(a~*)、黄度值(b~*)之间呈极显著相关关系。     

咸酥花生加工中的浸渍工艺研究

盐水浸渍是咸酥花生加工中的一个重要工序,本文比较研究了盐水常压浸渍和真空浸渍对花生品质的影响,并应用正交试验优化盐水真空浸渍花生的工艺参数。结果表明:盐水真空浸渍的花生品质优于常压浸渍,在常压、浸渍温度25℃下,浸渍18 h的花生盐水吸收率仅为45.26%、可溶性蛋白质含量降低0.81%;而在真空度0.085 MPa、浸渍温度25℃下,浸渍1 min的花生盐水吸收率可达100%,且可溶性蛋白质含量仅降低0.02%。盐水真空浸渍花生的最佳工艺参数为真空度0.085 MPa、浸渍温度55℃、盐水浓度10%(W/W)、浸渍时间3 min,在该工艺参数下的咸酥花生的感官品质最佳。     

响应面优化猪肉真空腌制的工艺条件

在单因素实验基础上,采用响应面优化法考察了不同真空度、盐水浓度及真空腌制时间对猪肉食盐内渗量和感官评定的影响,并优化了真空腌制工艺条件。结果表明,盐水浓度、真空度、真空腌制时间对猪肉腌制效果影响显著,并确定真空腌制最佳工艺条件为:盐水浓度8%、真空度0.09MPa、真空腌制时间6h,在此条件下猪肉食盐内渗量1.75%,感官评定值为75.33分,说明响应面优化猪肉真空腌制条件的工艺可行。      

人参烤鸡工艺配方优化与品质分析

目的以东北多年移植人参和农村家养三黄鸡为主要原料研制一种人参烤鸡新产品并对其进行品质检测。方法通过单因素试验(腌制时间、腌制温度、单次滚揉时间、滚揉次数)得出较优结果。再通过正交试验研究最佳腌制滚揉工艺参数,并对人参烤鸡品质进行测定。结果腌制时间、腌制温度、单次滚揉时间、滚揉次数对人参烤鸡感官品质影响显著;人参烤鸡最佳工艺参数为腌制时间1.5 h、腌制温度10℃、单次滚揉时间5 min、滚揉次数3次,此条件下制得的人参烤鸡产品最佳。结论本研究为人参和农村家养三黄鸡深加工开辟一条新途径,为高品质人参鸡的开发研究提供借鉴参考。     

真空油炸香菇脆片工艺优化

油炸温度、真空度和油炸时间是真空油炸过程中的重要参数,该文对香菇脆片真空油炸工艺进行优化,得到最佳工艺参数为油炸温度80℃、真空度0.089 MPa、油炸时间36.65 min,获得的香菇脆片含油率为22.53%,破碎力为650.31 g。香菇脆片品质分析表明,真空油炸较好保持了香菇脆片的多糖含量,具有较高的复水比。     

冻干即食调味香菇冻干工艺参数研究

优化冻干即食调味香菇工艺中的冻干工艺参数使产品品质达到最佳。对冻干工艺中关键工艺参数真空度、铺板厚度及搁板温度进行单因素设置,经过单因素设置后得到的冻干产品用水分含量、复水率、容重、感官评价、色泽及电子显微镜扫描图对其品质进行评价,试验数据结合SPSS软件进行单因素方差分析。冻干即食香菇冻干工艺的最佳参数为:铺板厚度为15mm,真空度为40Pa~60Pa,搁板温度为90℃。根据最佳的冻干工艺参数可以得到最佳品质的冻干即食调味香菇。     

响应面法优化澳洲坚果真空油炸工艺及品质分析

以澳洲坚果果仁为原料,制备真空油炸产品。采用单因素实验和响应面Box-Behnken试验进行真空油炸工艺优化;以原料果仁为对照,测定真空油炸果仁含油率、酸价、过氧化值、色差与感官品质指标。结果表明：冷冻温度、真空油炸温度、真空油炸时间和真空度对澳洲坚果果仁的口感和风味品质影响差异极显著（P<0.01）,澳洲坚果果仁真空油炸最佳工艺条件：冷冻温度-24℃、真空油炸温度113℃、真空油炸时间58 min、真空度-0.095 MPa,在该工艺条件下制得的澳洲坚果果仁香味浓郁、口感酥松,感官评分为95.90分,酸价、过氧化值分别为0.23 mg/g、0.14 g/100 g,在低水平范围内,符合LY/T 1963-2018的标准要求。因此,真空油炸工艺极显著提高了澳洲坚果果仁的品质。     

成烧白工艺优化及腌制方式对其冷藏品质的影响

通过正交试验优化咸烧白关键工艺因素,确定最佳工艺因素,并研究、对比常温腌制、注射腌制以及真空腌制对咸烧白成品品质及其贮存期内的理化变化。结果发现,真空腌制的咸烧白品质最佳,其次为注射腌制与常温腌制。咸烧白在贮存期,其关键影响指标TVB-N值和菌落总数与腌制效果成反比,即腌制效果越好,成品指标越差。     

采用现代科学技术改造传统酱腌菜工艺

介绍了采用现代科学技术改造传统酱腌菜工艺技术，逐步实现酱腌菜生产机械化、标准化。改革工艺为鲜蔬菜机械分级、清洗、消毒、机械切制、太阳能脱水、机械拌盐腌渍或初腌、复腌，真空渗酱法酱制，真空包装、灌装等。机械化生产改变了酱腌菜生产的落后状况，提高了产品质量。     

The effect of controlled atmosphere storage on pickle production from pickling cucumbers cv. ‘Troy’

Fresh pickling cucumbers (cv. Troy) were stored for 30 days at 7°C and 90–95% relative humidity (RH) under different controlled atmosphere (CA) combinations, and samples taken at 0 (i.e., without storage), 10, 20 and 30 days of storage were processed to sweet pickle. At each sampling, physical and chemical analyses were carried out in the fresh pickling cucumbers to determine the changes in the quality with storage time. Besides, physical, chemical and sensory analyses were carried out in the pickles elaborated from the fresh samples taken at the same periods, after keeping at room temperature for 6 months, with the aim of determining CA and storage time effect on the final pickle quality. It was found that storage of cucumbers to be processed to pickle could be possible for less than 10 days at 7°C temperature and 90–95 RH under normal atmosphere (NA). However, physical and chemical analyses showed that storage period of fresh pickling cucumbers could be prolonged up to 30 days under the same storage conditions, if suitable atmosphere combinations are created. Nevertheless, it was concluded that restricting the storage period of fresh pickling cucumbers to 20 days could give better results after processing to pickle. An erratum to this article can be found at     

榨菜腌制液循环利用研究

本文以榨菜腌制液经过滤、真空浓缩后腌制榨菜的工艺研究,确定了将含盐量5%以上验收合格的榨菜腌制液经真空浓缩(真空度0.08Mpa,沸点55℃)到含盐量为22%的浓缩液。在榨菜的三次腌制过程中[1],分别加入榨菜重量30%、20%、20%的浓缩液来替代食盐或部分食盐的榨菜腌制技术。采用该技术后,可大大降低榨菜腌制过程中的废水排放,实现资源的循环利用。     

即食客家咸菜配方的优化

本试验以客家成菜为原料,研究即食客家咸菜配方优化工艺。通过采用L9（3^4）正交试验设计考察了玉米油、白砂糖、鸡精及胡椒粉等因素对客家咸菜风味品质的影响,结合模糊综合评价确定了即食客家成菜的最佳基础配方：即每100g客家成莱中添加15g白砂糖、0．1g鸡精、8g玉米油、2g胡椒粉。在此配方基础上,针对不同口味差异,开发出甜味、五香、辣味等即食客家咸菜系列产品,经真空包装和杀菌处理,达到国家酱腌菜卫生标准的要求。     

营养地瓜叶菜粉的研制

目的:将地瓜叶加工成粉末状的营养调料粉作为一种添加料。方法:采用单因素筛选、正交实验和工厂中试等方法,研究了地瓜叶的最佳干燥工艺。结果:地瓜叶以真空干燥方法所得的叶绿素保留率最高;但最终地瓜叶在无护色工艺情况下,以温度为60℃、真空度为0.09 MPa、装载量为75%的真空干燥方法最佳。结论:护色工艺无法改善地瓜叶菜粉的叶绿素含量及色泽,仅以真空干燥方法就可以获得叶绿素含量及色泽俱佳的地瓜叶菜粉。      

Suitability of acid whey for fermented and fresh-pack cornichon pickle production

Suitability of acid whey (AW) as brine media in fermented and fresh-pack cornichon pickle production was investigated. Fermented and fresh-pack pickles were produced with AW and vinegar (control). Microbiological, textural, colour and sensory properties of the pickles were monitored during 12-wk storage at room temperature. Fermented and fresh-pack pickles manufactured with AW exhibited higher total solids content than the pickles manufactured with vinegar. Acid whey as pickling media increased the development of presumptive lactococci species both in fermented and in fresh-pack pickles. This study shows that AW is a suitable pickling media for fermented and fresh-pack cornichon pickle manufacture.     

Potential role of native pickling cucumber polygalacturonase in softening of fresh pack pickles

This study examined the potential involvement of polygalacturonase (PG) in commercial pickling cucumbers on gradual softening of refrigerated and pasteurized fresh pack pickle products that adversely affects their market-life. PG activity was detected in all sources of commercial pickling cucumbers and refrigerated pickle spears, and activity was detected in some sources of pasteurized spears. Polygalacturonic acid hydrolysis determined from changes in fluidity, reducing groups and oligogalacturonides indicated involvement of both exo- and endo-PG. Treatment of pasteurized pickle mesocarp tissues with concentrated extracts from pickling cucumbers resulted in rapid softening and alteration of pectic substances. D-values for thermal inactivation of pickling cucumber PG at 75, 80, 85, and 90 °C were 22.0, 19.5, 14.5, and 4.2 min, respectively, indicating that residual activity would be expected in commercially pasteurized pickle products. It is concluded that residual cucumber PG could be responsible for softening of processed pickle products, and it is suspected that variations in textural quality of given products are caused by differences in residual types and levels of native PG. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Since enzyme extracts from commercial pickling cucumbers were demonstrated to be capable of softening pickle tissues and that PG activity was present in some processed fresh pack products, methods that inactivate or eliminate the enzyme(s) should reduce softening of products during storage and marketing.     

醋浸对大蒜主要营养成分含量及分布的影响

通过试验测定鲜蒜、醋蒜和醋蒜液中糖、蛋白质、灰分、维生素等成分的含量和分布情况。蛋白质、脂肪、灰分在醋蒜和浸泡液中的总含量无显著变化;部分不溶性多糖发生将解转化为可溶性糖类,可溶性糖总含量增加;Vc在浸泡过程中损失较大。大分子多糖和蛋白质水解成可溶性糖和小分子肽,有利于人体吸收。醋蒜在制备过程中的水分、粗蛋白、可溶性糖、脂肪、灰分和维生素等营养成分部分被浸出至醋蒜液中,浸出率约为20%～40%。结果总体表明醋蒜及蒜液具有良好的营养物质基础。     

鹅系列风味熟食的加工工艺研究

对鹅休闲系列熟食的加工工艺进行了研究。对关键步骤的腌制时间、卤煮工艺、烘烤温度和时间进行了确定,并对杀菌时间进行了比较研究,确定了较佳杀菌时间。研究结果表明:在4℃条件下,腌制18～24小时,再经香辛料卤煮、调味,然后经烘干、杀菌、包装便可得到产品。     

浓缩蜜橘汁的工业化加工研究

以湘西蜜橘为原料加工成浓缩蜜橘桶汁,研究了浓缩蜜橘汁的加工工艺,结果表明:蜜橘果实榨汁时,用0.4%果胶酶在45℃下酶解处理果浆90min,可提高出汁率15%。通过正交试验,确定了真空浓缩最佳工艺参数为:真空浓缩温度50～55℃、真空度(9.33～10.0)×10~4Pa、果汁流量6000～6500L/h、蒸汽压力7.5～8.0×10~4 MPa;贮存温度≤-18℃下,产品pH值、总酸和Vc无影响,并制定了产品质量标准,为我国浓缩汁加工企业提供了有益的借鉴。