耐有机溶剂蛋白酶产生菌MSP05的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质研究

目的:从燕尾港受污染海域筛选耐有机溶剂蛋白酶产生菌,确定该菌的分类地位,并对其所产溶剂稳定性蛋白酶的酶学性质进行研究。方法:通过在培养基中添加20%(V/V)甲苯作为筛选压力,筛选耐有机溶剂极端微生物,通过产蛋白酶筛选培养基筛选产蛋白酶的菌株,并利用摇瓶发酵进行复筛,最后对产酶菌株进行鉴定并对粗酶的性质进行测定。结果:筛选获得耐有机溶剂蛋白酶产生菌MSP05,结合16S rDNA序列分析、形态学观察和生理生化性质将其鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。该酶的最适反应温度和pH分别为50℃和10.0,Cu2+、Mn2+对酶有激活作用,Mg2+、Fe3+和Ba2+对酶具有抑制作用。在50%乙醇中,25℃、140 r/min振荡72 h后仍能保持50%以上酶活力。结论:分离获得耐有机溶剂蛋白酶产生菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株MSP05,对有机溶剂具有较好的耐受性,具有潜在的工业应用价值。     

有机溶剂稳定性蛋白酶发酵动力学研究

利用分批发酵研究海洋细菌Bacillus aquaemaris DS1分泌有机溶剂稳定性蛋白酶的代谢特性,结果表明蛋白酶合成和菌体生长呈部分生长关联型。据分批发酵实验结果采用Logistic方程、Luedeking-Piret方程建立了描述菌株生长、产酶以及底物消耗分批发酵动力学模型。动力学模型计算值与实验值拟合良好,相对误差小于10%。     

全局转录机制工程法筛选丁醇耐受大肠杆菌及性质

作者旨在采用一种快速有效的方法(全局转录机制工程方法)筛选一株具有较高丁醇耐受性的大肠杆菌。通过对全局转录因子σ~(70)进行随机突变,构建rpoD(编码σ~(70)因子)突变库。并采用高通量筛选的方法筛选获得丁醇耐受突变株E. coli JM109/pHACM~(B8),并对该突变株的性质进行了研究。结果表明:丁醇耐受突变株B8能够耐受体积分数2%丁醇,且对其他有机溶剂也具有较高的耐受性,如体积分数3%异丁醇、体积分数8%乙醇、体积分数4%环己烷和体积分数0.3%甲苯。为进一步阐明了B8菌株丁醇耐受机制,分别对B8菌株和对照菌株E. coli JM109/p HACM~(WT)的生理特性进行了研究。结果显示突变株B8胞内的丁醇含量较对照菌株低55%;且在酸性环境下比对照菌株生长更好;此外Mg~(2+)有助于提高菌株B8的丁醇耐受性。本研究为工业化应用中耐溶剂微生物菌株的构建提供了实验依据和理论基础。     

耐有机溶剂脂肪酶产生菌的筛选及其酶学性质

以体积分数10%的甲苯等有机溶剂为筛选压力,从油污和污水等样品中筛选到一株产耐有机溶剂脂肪酶的有机溶剂耐受茵LX1,经16 S rDNA序列分析,该菌株鉴定为Pseudomonas aeruginosa.研究发现菌株LX1所产脂肪酶最适反应pH和温度分别为7.0和40℃,在较宽的pH范围内(6.5～10.5)具有较高的稳定性;金属离子鏊合剂EDTA和Ba~(2+)、Ca~(2+)对LX1脂肪酶活力均有明显的激活作用,推测该脂肪酶为金属激活酶.LX1脂肪酶在体积分数25%的疏水性和亲水性有机溶剂中均具有较好的耐受性,在十六烷、十四烷、十二烷、正庚醇、正辛醇和正己醇体系中半衰期显著延长到10 d以上,在DMF和DMSO体系中的半袁期为5 d以上,均高于在无溶剂体系中的半衰期.展现了LX1脂肪酶在有机相生物催化中的良好应用前景.     

一株产耐有机溶剂脂肪酶伯克霍尔德氏菌的分子鉴定及酶学性质分析北大核心CSCD

为筛选具有潜在应用价值的产脂肪酶菌株,采用三丁酸甘油酯固体培养基从黄山松树林土壤中筛选产脂肪酶菌株,利用16S rDNA测序对筛选的菌株进行鉴定,并对其产脂肪酶酶活力参数以及酶学性质进行分析。结果表明:筛选的产脂肪酶菌株HSU-7为伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia sp. HSU-7);菌株HSU-7所产脂肪酶的最适反应温度为45℃,最适pH为5,为一种耐酸性的中温脂肪酶;菌株HSU-7发酵5 d,所产脂肪酶酶活力最大,为72.22 U/mL。同时,K^(+)、Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)对菌株HSU-7所产脂肪酶酶活力具有显著的促进作用,而Ni^(2+)、Cu^(2+)、Fe^(3+)和Zn^(2+)具有一定的抑制作用,该脂肪酶可耐受有机溶剂甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和二甲基亚砜,但Triton X-100可显著抑制其酶活力;此外,该脂肪酶能耐受65℃的高温。综上,菌株HSU-7可高产脂肪酶,且该脂肪酶有较强的热稳定性,可耐受多种有机溶剂,具有很好的工业应用价值。     

耐有机溶剂脂肪酶菌株的筛选及其耐受特性初探

以筛选获得的新疆酿酒葡萄内生菌为出发菌株,首先采用含有橄榄油乳化剂及罗丹明B的平板初筛,再分别以体积分数1%正庚烷和1%甲苯为筛选压力进行复筛,从中得到1株耐有机溶剂脂肪酶菌株M-CY1,经形态和分子生物学技术鉴定为Penicillium asturianum。该菌遗传稳定性良好,菌种的酶活性与菌丝的生长量呈正相关,多种有机溶剂对该菌产脂肪酶活具有促进作用,其中二甲苯作用最为明显,酶活为4.99 U/mL,相对酶活达143.76%。     

耐有机溶剂蛋白酶高产菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa PT121的发酵条件

优化了耐有机溶剂蛋白酶产生菌株Pseudomonas aeruginosa PT121的产酶发酵条件。通过单因子试验探索了碳源、有机氮源对菌株发酵产酶的影响;通过正交试验对甘油、果糖、胰蛋白胨进行了水平组合优化。正交试验的方差分析表明,培养基中各成分显著性排列顺序为:胰蛋白胨>甘油>果糖。采用优化后培养基发酵72h,发酵液蛋白酶酶活达到12758U/mL,比优化前提高了6.3倍,为现有国内外报道中耐有机溶剂蛋白酶最高发酵产量。     

有机溶剂耐受性酵母细胞的脂肪酸组成分析

本文以出发菌株酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、筛选所得乙醇耐受菌株Y-c-8和丙酮耐受菌株B-g-5为研究对象,分析测定了三种不同菌株的脂肪酸组成,从而证实有机溶剂会引起酵母细胞脂肪酸成分发生改变,主要是合成更多长链不饱和脂肪酸以适应不良环境.本研究为有机溶剂对微生物细胞的毒性机制提供了理论支持,为有机介质中微生物全细胞催化的工业化应用提供了理论支持.     

高有机溶剂耐受性的苯并(a)芘单克隆抗体制备及其免疫反应特性研究

目的 制备适应油脂样品中苯并(a)芘[Benzo(a)pyrene,BaP]检测需求的抗BaP单克隆抗体。方法 利用杂交瘤单克隆抗体技术制备抗BaP的抗体,在抗体筛选过程中使用高浓度的有机溶剂(50%甲醇)来选择具有较高有机溶剂耐受能力的抗体,并利用间接竞争酶联免疫吸附法考察了抗体的免疫反应特性。结果 筛选获得一株对有机溶剂有较高耐受能力的、稳定分泌BaP单克隆抗体的细胞株2H10,该抗体为IgG1亚型,可耐受高浓度的甲醇、丙酮、二甲亚砜(Dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)和二甲基甲酰胺(Dimethylformamide,DMF)。60%甲醇和60% DMSO作为样品稀释液时,抗体对BaP的IC₅₀分别为81.4和24.5 ng/mL,以60% DMSO作为样品稀释液,可以显著降低BaP抗体对其它多环芳烃化合物的交叉反应率。结论 本研究获得高特异性的BaP人工抗原及高有机溶剂耐受性的抗BaP单克隆抗体。     

产低温蛋白酶酵母菌株的筛选及发酵培养基优化

该研究从新疆本地分离获得的200株酵母菌中筛选产低温蛋白酶的菌株,并通过形态观察、生理生化试验及分子生物学方法 对菌株WLY1、WLY2和MLY1进行鉴定,最后通过响应面法对20 ℃条件下蛋白酶活力高的菌株的发酵培养基配方优化。 结果表明, 共筛选到14株产低温蛋白酶菌株,其中3株（WLY1、WLY2和MLY1）于20 ℃条件下仍具有较强的产低温蛋白酶能力,其蛋白酶酶活 力依次为69.03 U/mL、34.20 U/mL、29.70 U/mL;鉴定菌株WLY1、WLY2和MLY1分别为双倒卵形红冬孢酵母（Rhodosporidium diobo- vatum）、Cryptococcus adeliensis、Barnettozyma californica;其中菌株WLY1产低温蛋白酶能力强,且其最佳产蛋白酶培养基配方为酵 母浸粉1.64%、蛋白胨1.21%、干酪素1.48%。在此最优条件下,菌株WLY1的蛋白酶活力达到251.51U/mL,约为优化前的4倍,同比其 他产蛋白酶功能菌具有较大的工业应用潜力。     

Catalysis and stability of an alkaline protease from a haloalkaliphilic bacterium under non-aqueous conditions as a function of pH, salt and temperature

A haloalkaliphilic bacterium, isolated from Coastal Gujarat (India) was identified as Oceanobacillus sp. (GQ162111) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. The organism grew and secreted extra cellular protease in presence of various organic solvents. At 30% (v/v) concentration of hexane, heptane, isooctane, dodecane and decane, significant growth and protease production was evident. The alkaline protease was purified in a single step on phenyl sepharose 6 FF with 28% yield. The molecular mass as judged by SDS-PAGE was 30?kDa. The temperature optimum of protease was 50°C and the enzyme retained 70% activity in 10% (v/v) isooctane. Effect of salt and pH was investigated in combination to assess the effect of isooctane. In organic solvents, the enzyme was considerably active at pH 8-11, with optimum activity at pH 10. Salt at 2?M was optimum for activity and enzyme maintained significant stability up to 18?h even at 3?M salt concentration. Patters of growth, protease production, catalysis and stability of the enzyme are presented. The study resumes significance as limited information is available on the interaction of haloalkaliphilic bacteria and their enzymes with organic solvents.     

土壤中高产蛋白酶菌株的筛选鉴定及发酵条件优化

从海南土壤中筛选得到一株高产蛋白酶的菌株,并对其进行菌种鉴定、产蛋白酶发酵条件优化及蛋白酶分子质量测定。经筛 选,得到一株高产蛋白酶的菌株,编号为CAUH83,蛋白酶活力达到126 U/mL。 通过形态观察、生理生化试验及16S rDNA序列分析, 鉴定菌株CAUH83为粘质沙雷氏菌（Serratia marcescens）。 通过单因素试验优化,确定该菌株产蛋白酶的最优发酵条件：大豆粉3.0%、 蔗糖3.0%、初始pH 6.0、培养温度30 ℃、培养时间48 h。 在此优化发酵条件下,该菌株产蛋白酶酶活力达到1 932.3 U/mL,较优化前提 高15.3倍。 通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）和酶谱分析表明该蛋白酶分子质量约51 kDa。     

Isolation and characterization of benzene-tolerant Rhodococcus opacus strains

Twenty-two benzene-utilizing bacteria were isolated from soil samples. Among them, three isolates were highly tolerant to benzene. They grew on benzene when liquid benzene was added to the basal salt medium at 10--90% (v/v). Taxonomical analysis identified the benzene-tolerant isolates as Rhodococcus opacus. One of the benzene-tolerant isolates, designated B-4, could utilize many aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, styrene, xylene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, n-octane and n-decane as sole sources of carbon and energy. Strain B-4 grew well in the presence of 10% (v/v) organic solvents that it was capable of using as growth substrates. Genetic analysis revealed the benzene dioxygenase pathway is involved in benzene catabolism in strain B-4. A deletion-insertion mutant defective in the benzene dioxygenase large and small subunits genes (bnz A 1 and bnz A 2) was as tolerant to organic solvents as the wild-type strain B-4, suggesting that utilization or degradation of organic solvents is not essential for the organic solvent tolerance of R. opacus B-4.     

Purification and characterization of organic solvent-stable protease from organic solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PST-01

An organic solvent-stable protease (PST-01 protease) in a culture broth of organic solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PST-01 was purified by successive hydrophobic interaction chromatography using Butyl-Toyopearl gels. The purified enzyme was homogeneous as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PST-01 protease had a molecular mass of 38 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH for casein hydrolysis were 55 degrees C and 8.5, respectively. PST-01 protease was stable at pH 8-12 and below 50 degrees C and was determined to be a metalloprotease which was inhibited by EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline, and phosphoramidon. PST-01 protease inhibited by EDTA was reactivated completely by the addition of zinc or cobalt ions. The stability of PST-01 protease in solutions containing water-soluble organic solvents or alcohols was higher than that in the absence of organic solvent. Furthermore, in general, PST-01 protease was more stable than commercially available proteases, namely, subtilisin Carlsberg, thermolysin, and alpha-chymotrypsin, in the presence of water-soluble organic solvents or alcohols.     

Serratia sp. SYBC H发酵浮萍生产蛋白酶的研究

以富含蛋白质的浮萍作为有机氮源,接种一株通过自然筛选而得的新颖菌株Serratia sp.SYBC H,进行微生物发酵生产稀有的蛋白酶,为浮萍的高值化利用开创一条新途径。先采用单因素实验,研究影响Serratia sp.SYBC H发酵浮萍生产蛋白酶的发酵时间,碳源,C/N比,无机盐,产酶添加剂,结果发现:以小麦粉为碳源,小麦粉与浮萍比例为1:2,Na Cl,表面活性剂吐温80,显著促进Serratia sp.SYBC H生产蛋白酶。接着采用正交试验,研究影响Serratia sp.SYBC H生产蛋白酶的发酵培养基的主要组成及其使用量。结果显示,在实验范围内,影响Serratia sp.SYBC H生产蛋白酶的发酵培养基组成及其最佳使用量为小麦粉15 g/L,浮萍30 g/L,吐温80,0.8%(V/V),Na Cl 0.05 mol/L。接种发酵18 h后,蛋白酶的生产值达到最大值,发酵液中最高蛋白酶活达到1459.94U/mL。     

浓香型大曲中优势蛋白酶产生细菌的分离及产酶条件研究

对浓香型大曲中蛋白酶产生细菌进行分离,并对其最适产酶条件进行研究。采用酪素培养基,从大曲中分离出5株产蛋白酶菌株,筛选出酶活力最高的菌株,其酶活为53.40 U/mL。以小麦为固体培养基,从pH值、培养基水分含量、碳源添加量、氮源添加量、接种量、培养温度和培养时间等方面研究此菌株的最适产酶条件。结果表明,在水分含量65%、初始pH6.0、蔗糖添加量6%、硫酸铵添加量1%、接种量12%、温度40℃,培养时间5 d的条件下,其酶活可达262.18 U/mL,为菌种复筛时的4.91倍。     

Purification and characterization of a protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in cutting oil

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa san-ai strain was isolated from water-soluble cutting oil used for cooling and lubrication during industrial metal-working processes. This strain, which is grown in a high alkaline (pH 10) mixture of surfactants and mineral oil, produces an extracellular proteolytic enzyme. We have purified and characterized this 18 kDa protease. The P. aeruginosa san-ai protease functions optimally at pH 9.0 and 60 degrees C. Additionally, it is a Zn-containing metalloenzyme, and its monomeric structure contains at least one disulfide bond. Because the enzyme is stable in the presence of organic solvents, it is suitable for peptide synthesis. Furthermore, the P. aeruginosa san-ai protease could be used in an intelligent drug delivery system (DDS) designed for applications in the metal industry for prevention of putrefaction of cutting oil.     

高生物量富硒产朊假丝酵母菌株的选育

从5株优良的发酵酵母菌中筛选出耐硒和富硒能力较好的产朊假丝酵母,采用耐酸驯化和梯度浓度的耐硒驯化增加菌株的抗性。研究表明,产朊假丝酵母Ⅰ的富硒能力更好。在此基础上,经复合诱变、亚硒酸钠抗性平板初筛和摇瓶复筛,筛选出生物量和含硒量都较高的菌株D-5,再将突变株D-5进行紫外诱变,筛选出1株高生物量和高含硒量的菌株U-16,其菌株生物量为5.86 g/L,总硒量为1 575.40 μg/g,有机硒量为1 500.90 μg/g,其有机硒占胞内总硒比重的95.26%。与出发菌株相比,筛选菌株的生物量提高了67.90%,有机硒量增加了95.95%。