溴化合物在碱性冷却水系统中的杀生作用

文中通过对卤化合物杀生机理的讨论、溴和氯两种卤化合物杀生功效的对比以及应用实例的介绍,概括的反映出目前国外在碱性冷却水处理系统中,采用以溴取代氯作杀生剂的原因和发展趋势。     

什么是氧化型和非氧化型杀生剂?

<正>氧化型杀生剂是具有强烈氧化性的杀生药剂,通常是一种强氧化剂,对水中微生物的杀生作用很强。如卤素中的氯、溴和碘,还有氯的化合物、臭氧等都是氧化型杀生剂。溴和碘由于成本太高,无法用于大规模的生产上。工业上常用的是氯、次氯酸钠和次氯酸钙等。氧化型杀生剂对水中其他还原性物质能起氧化作用,故当水中存在有机物、硫化氢及亚铁离子     

溴氯并用型杀生剂——菌藻清

溴素、二甲基海因经溴化、氯化合成溴氯海因（称菌藻清），以其优异性能，快速、广谱杀生特点，使它成为极具发展前景的高级杀生剂。     

冷却水处理新动向点滴（下）

本文扼要介绍了冷却水中全属的微生物腐蚀、单一臭氧的冷却水处理和以溴代氯用的溴化物杀生剂。     

季铵盐杀生剂杀生性能与机理研究进展

该文对国内外季铵盐杀生剂及其杀生性能与机理研究进行了综述。以已有的季铵盐7代产品的发展历程为基础,提出可按季铵盐的结构特点将其分为单链季铵盐、双链季铵盐、聚季铵盐和混合季铵盐4个大类。进而,结合这4个大类季铵盐杀生剂的结构特点,以菌藻为杀抑对象,对其所具有的杀生性能与机理分别进行了阐述,归纳了季铵盐杀生剂杀生过程的6个基本步骤和杀生作用的4个基本方式。在该基础上特别提出,研究季铵盐分子与其作用对象的关键作用位点和致死作用方式应是机理研究的要点所在;针对具体作用对象的浓度,研究得到杀生剂的浓度与作用时间的关系是其应用的重要基础。最后,给出了今后对季铵盐杀生剂杀生性能与机理研究工作的若干建议。     

欧盟将淘汰杀生剂敌敌畏和二溴磷

欧盟委员会称，从11月1日起，敌敌畏和二溴磷将不允许作为杀虫剂／杀螨剂用于非农用领域。 根据欧盟杀生剂产品指令98／8，欧盟委员会决定不予这两种杀生剂登记，对这两种原药的评估显示。其对人类健康和环境具有潜在的不可接受的风险。另外，对二溴磷的评估效力也并不充分。     

循环冷却水系统微生物生长状况研究及杀生剂适应性评价

本文主要针对不同区域循环冷却水系统的微生物生长情况进行评价,研究不同水源及工艺处理条件下微生物的生长特点。并以淮河流域为例,对常用杀生剂活性溴的杀生效果进行了适应性评价。     

第46届国际水会议(IWC)论文摘要

DBNPA与氯联合作为水处理杀生剂的途用性——RICHARD W等IWC—85—45 目前较大的冷却水系统中,多数仍用氯杀生,为了保护木结构冷却塔的安全,要求游离氯浓度小于0.8ppm,客许值规定为0.2ppm。这就使氯的杀生效果受到了限制。尤其在偏碱性条件下氯的药效又进一步下降、因此需要补加一些非氧化性杀生剂。2.2-二溴—3—氮川丙酰胺(DBNPA)是一种非氧化型杀生剂,具有广谱生物学活性。本文探     

国内外技术信息

稳定的氧化溴化合物制备方法及用于工业水杀生方法——CraigShunong.WO2006004643发明了一种用于工业水系统的杀生剂。重点叙述了含有过量溴化物的改进了稳定性的氧化溴杀生组成物制备方法。并介绍了其在工业水系统黏泥控制中的应用。该组成物是由至少一种氧化剂、至少一种溴源和至少一种溴或卤元素的稳定剂制备的。这里的溴源与稳定的氧化溴化合物的物质的量比至少为2.1∶1。日本农业(水稻)用水标准水质污染对农业的影响很多,主要的影响物质是盐分、有机物、营养盐和重金属。日本农林部农业(水稻)用水标准是:pH 6.0￣7.5、COD<6 mg/L、…     

能抑制铜腐蚀的新型抗卤唑（HRA）

新型抗卤唑（HRA）一直作为水溶液中铜合金的腐蚀抑制剂来开发。该物质在卤基氧化型杀生剂的存在下能很好的抑制铜腐蚀，在较低的进料速度下比工业标准甲苯三唑（TTA）的腐蚀防护性好。与TTA不同，该物质不与氯和溴等氧化型杀生剂反应，这有助于降低杀生剂的需求量和使用浓度。除降低了保持较好控制微生物所必需的氧化型杀生剂用量处，使用HRA还避免了在氯化、TTA处理系统中常遇到的令人烦恼的臭的生成。文中介绍了在几个工厂现场应用TTA和HRA的试验结果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。