蒸馏酒的起源

中国白酒是世界上最古老的蒸馏酒,其酿造和蒸馏技术在世界上独树一帜.蒸馏酒技术源于炼丹蒸馏技术,蒸馏酒产生于中国.液态法蒸馏酒产生于汉代,固态法蒸馏酒产生于唐代.固态法蒸馏酒技术完善于宋元时期.     

中国蒸馏酒的起源和发展

我国是世界上最早的酿酒国家之一,具有悠久灿烂的酿造文明史.大量历史记载和考古发现证明,中国蒸馏酒肇始于元代是可信的,历经800余年的发展,中国蒸馏酒技术已相当成熟,孕育出驰名中外的白酒著名品牌.其独特的酿造技艺是世界食品文化遗产宝库中一颗璀璨的明珠."中国白酒169计划"将对中国白酒进行全面剖析,向世人证明中国人创造白酒的价值,将中国白酒发展创新.     

中国名优白酒的发展及其标准

世界蒸馏酒种类繁多，风格各异，中国名优白酒以其独特的工艺及风味在世界蒸馏酒中独树一帜。为适应入世以后与世界其他著名蒸馏酒竞争的需要，作者对中国名优白酒的标准提出若干修订意见。     

平视世界! 中国白酒走出去的新起点

中国酒业正在平视世界。“世界上历史最悠久的蒸馏酒,世界最复杂的蒸馏酒,世界美酒中对感官冲击最美妙的蒸馏酒,那一定是中国白酒！我们有人工酿酒技术的发明、酒曲酿造技艺的发明、蒸馏酒的发明等丰富的科技文化底蕴与积淀,这是我们的文化自信所在。”宋书玉理事长在T8峰会上指出,喝洋酒的中国人,与喝洋酒的洋人,平视了;喝白酒的中国人,与喝洋酒的洋人,平视了;喝白酒的中国人,与喝洋酒的中国人,平视了;喝白酒的中国人,与喝白酒的洋人,平视了。毫无疑问,未来,建设中国特色社会主义强国的历程,就是中国酒走出去的历程;而这四个“平视”,就是中国白酒走出去的新起点。     

窖底环境对酱香型基酒品质的影响

正我国白酒的生产主要是以淀粉质为酿造原料,酒曲为糖化发酵剂,采用固态、半固态或液态发酵方式,发酵结束后经蒸馏、贮存、勾兑等工艺酿制成的蒸馏酒,与法国白兰地、俄国伏特加、苏格兰威士忌、朗姆酒、荷兰金酒并称为世界六大蒸馏酒。我国白酒香型可分为:浓香型、酱香型、清香型、米香型和其他香型,其他香型包括凤香型、     

啤酒行业：产量增长 期待价值回归

在由中国酒业协会啤酒分会、中国食品发酵工业研究院、德国柏林啤酒酿造学院（VLB）、美国酿造化学家协会（ASBC）、英国国际酿造与蒸馏酒研究中心（ICBD）与法国酿造与制麦研究院（i FBM）联合主办的＂2014（第三届）中国国际啤酒技术高峰论坛＂上,中国洒业协会副秘书长兼啤酒分会秘书长何勇对中国啤酒产销量及经济效益进行了分析。     

组学技术在白酒酿造微生物中的应用进展

中国白酒是世界著名的具有独特风味的蒸馏酒之一。这种独特风味的形成,通常是白酒酿造过程中微生物的群落结构、基因表达、代谢通路、酶活性及代谢产物协调作用的综合体现。组学技术的快速发展为多角度解析酿造微生物多样性和功能性及其对酒体风味的影响提供了技术支持。因此,该文对基因组学、转录组学、蛋白组学及代谢组学技术在酿造微生物的应用进展进行总结,并对未来的发展方向进行展望,旨在为白酒酿造的理论研究和生产实践提供思路。     

浓香型白酒酿造品质影响因素研究概述

浓香型白酒是中国产销量最大的蒸馏酒,本文主要介绍了浓香型白酒酿造原料品质、酿造容器及酿酒工艺条件等对浓香型白酒品质的影响因素及相关研究进展。     

民族传统工艺白酒特点与发展的思考

中国民族传统白酒历史悠久、源远流长,在世界蒸馏酒中独树一帜。与世界其他蒸馏酒相比,生产的原料和工艺独特;产品的香型、品种丰富多彩,个性独特。推动中国民族传统白酒产业的发展,在继承、发展与创新方面仍然需要做大量深入的科学研究。（孙悟）     

我国白酒的香型及其风味特点

所谓白酒系指相对于有颜色的果酒或其他发酵酒而言的。因为白酒是通过蒸馏器蒸馏生产出来的,所以无色透明,故称为白酒。我国的白酒,是世界上著名的六大蒸馏酒之一,它以丰富多彩的香型风格著称于世,并以特殊的生产工艺,在世界酿造史中独树一帜。     

Yeasts and their importance to the flavour of traditional Chinese liquor: a review

As one of the three major distilled spirits in the world, traditional Chinese liquor has a distinctive aroma and taste. The brewing process typically involves two stages: the Daqu‐making process and the liquor‐making process. Further, it commonly adopts solid state fermentation in an open environment, which involves diverse microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Yeasts, as an integral brewing microorganism, are not only a dominant force in the fermentation process but also play a key role in the quality and character of different flavour liquors. Studies on yeasts associated with Chinese liquor have rarely compared them with those associated with other alcoholic beverages (wine, sake, etc.), especially in the microbiome‐related flavour of the alcoholic beverage. Here, we review the Chinese liquor brewing process, the yeast community in the brewing process, the yeast derived flavour compounds, the interaction between yeasts and other microorganisms and gene level modifications. © 2019 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

白酒发酵与蒸馏过程中5种生物胺变化

应用液液微萃取（LLME）结合高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测,建立了白酒固态发酵酒醅中多种生物胺的定量分析方法。以某兼香型酒K厂酒醅为试样,对酒醅发酵及蒸馏过程中生物胺的变化进行研究,定量方法包括震荡提取、离心、液液微萃取、丹磺酰氯柱前衍生、RP-HPLC检测。结果表明,腐胺和尸胺随着酒醅发酵时间延长,含量增加,且只有很少量的被蒸馏进入酒中。吡咯烷是白酒的主要生物胺,在蒸馏过程中大部分被蒸馏出来。与其它饮料酒相比,白酒中的生物胺含量是最低的。      

Isolation,Identification, and Quantification of Lichenysin,a Novel Nonvolatile Compound in Chinese Distilled Spirits

Nonvolatile components influence overall flavor volatility and perception in alcoholic beverages. However, little information has been reported about the nonvolatile compounds in Chinese distilled spirits. For the first time, we isolated and identified a cyclic lipopeptide “lichenysin” as a novel nonvolatile compound in Chinese liquors, using preparative high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance. The concentrations of lichenysin were quantified in 14 main types of bottled Chinese liquors by using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The concentrations of lichenysin in Chinese liquor ranged from 0.01 to 111.74 μg/L, where the concentration was the highest in Dongjiu liquor. Furthermore, we found that lichenysin selectively affected aroma volatility in the Chinese liquor, using the headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The headspace concentrations of 2‐phenylethanol, phenol, and 4‐methylphenol significantly decreased by respectively 58%, 76%, and 59% in 3 Chinese commercial liquors with an increase in lichenysin. These results indicated that lichenysin could be a novel nonvolatile compound that selectively affected aroma volatility in Chinese liquors.     

LC-MS结合代谢组学技术鉴定真假白酒的研究

本文研究了一种分析鉴定真假白酒的新方法。使用离心过滤方法处理某知名酒厂不同系列的白酒及其对应的假酒酒样,经LC-MS（Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry）检测分析白酒酒样化合物信息,运用基于模式识别技术的代谢组学数据分析方法处理LC-MS数据集,对真假白酒数据进行降维处理。可以成功对真假白酒样品进行组学区分。LC-MS实验数据经一级聚类分析（Cluster Analysis）能辨别真假白酒样品,同时3类不同酒类品种之间形成吻合实际酒样信息的聚类信息。主成分分析（Principle Component Analysis,PCA）法从同系列真酒的不同批次处于同一95%置信区域（Hotelling T² test）区分了真假白酒样品。PLS-DA分析（Partial Least Squares-Discriminate Analysis）法从特征性化合物MS信息显示真假白酒样品的差别,白酒真酒比白酒假酒处于更狭小的区域。结论显示LC-MS结合代谢组学技术是鉴定真假白酒的有效方法,该方法不但能区分真假白酒,还能反映不同系列真酒的相近程度及其特征性化合物信息。      

The brewing process and microbial diversity of strong flavour Chinese spirits: a review

Chinese Baijiu (Chinese spirit or Chinese liquor) is one of the six major distilled spirits in the world, and is renowned overseas. Chinese Baijiu has a long history of more than 1000 years when people first begin to brew liquor using distillation. So far, Chinese Baijius have formed 12 types according to their flavour characteristics. The strong flavour Chinese spirit is regarded as one of the typical representatives, and occupies a > 70% market share in China. The liquor brewing process is under an open environment, with grains as the fermentation substrates, as well as Daqu as the saccharifying ferment. The brewing process is complex and impacted by multiple factors. Among the factors, the microorganisms have important influences on the brewing process and product quality of liquors. In the past decades, a series of research achievements have been made with strong flavour Chinese spirits. However, reviews related to this field are relatively few. In this paper, we have reviewed strong flavour Chinese spirits including the introduction, brewing process, microorganism diversity of Daqus , fermented grains and pit muds, and the application of microbes. Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

低度名优白酒风味特征稳定性的研究

通过对中国低度名优蒸馏白酒的发展及其风味特征、关键技术的研究，总结了影响名优低度白酒质量的重要因素。结合中国蒸馏白酒的发展方向，提出既具有中国蒸馏白酒个性特征又与国际接轨的意见和建议。     

Identification and Aroma Impact of Volatile Terpenes in Moutai Liquor

Terpenes are very important impact aroma compounds in wines, and we discovered some trace volatile terpenes in Chinese liquors in this study. The volatile compounds in Kweichow Moutai liquor (Maotai) were enriched and isolated by liquid–liquid extraction and further separated by silica gel normal phase chromatography, then investigated by gas chromatography–olfactometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 55 terpenes were finally identified in Moutai liquor by mass spectrum data from NIST11 a.L and wiley7n.L mass-spectral library, retention indices, and authentic standards. A majority of terpenes were reported in Chinese liquors for the first time. A headspace–solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was developed to determine terpenes in Moutai liquor and other aroma-type Chinese liquors. According to the gas chromatography–olfactometry and odor activity values analysis, terpenes were the important aroma compounds in Moutai liquor which led the liquor more elegant and delicate.     

茅台的明天啥模样

<正> 曾经有人建议茅台酒厂转产浓香型的茅台酒,理由是茅台酒是酱香型酒,而酱香型酒在白酒中占不到1％的份额,浓香型酒却达到80‰以上,大部分消费者都习惯浓香型酒。乍看起来,这是一条很好的建议,它可以使茅台在短时间内,利用品牌效应扩大规模,从而赚取高额利润。况且前面还有榜样,同样是生产酱香型酒的郎酒,在21世纪初便推出浓香型新郎酒,而且市场反应不错。因此,市场给茅台提出了一个世纪难题:变?还是不变?茅台酒的明天该是啥模样?     

中国白酒的功能性及组成成分水

中国白酒具有驱寒、活血、祛湿、消炎、化郁、促进新陈代谢、预防心血管疾病等保健功能,一些微量成分也具有保健功能。中国白酒将向着“白酒的风格,果酒的工艺,补酒的功能”的方向发展。