加氢降凝组合工艺技术

抚顺石油化工研究院开发的生产低凝清洁柴油加氢降凝组合工艺,集加氢精制与临氢降凝工艺技术优点于一体,具有工艺流程简单、精制及降凝效果好、柴油收率高、原料适应能力强、产品方案灵活等特点,已在哈尔滨等炼油厂得到工业应用.     

劣质柴油灵活加氢改质异构降凝技术及性能特点

为了满足有效提高催化裂化柴油的十六烷值及冬季多产低凝柴油的生产需要，国内外进行了大量研究，开发出了多种组合加氢工艺技术，有些已实现了工业化应用。文章全面地介绍了国内外劣质柴油灵活加氢改质异构降凝技术的应用情况。     

新型催化剂提升加氢降凝工艺水平

中国石化抚顺石油化工研究院发挥加氢技术领域的专业优势，近日开发出满足加氢降凝组合工艺且配套性能优良的FDW-4临氢降凝催化剂和FC-18加氢改质催化剂，使我国加氢降凝组合工艺技术水平显著提高。     

经济型轻蜡油加氢改质降凝工艺的开发及工业应用

一重集团大连工程建设有限公司开发的轻蜡油加氢改质降凝工艺具有对原料油和已有加氢装置适应能力强、操作灵活性大及柴油产率高等特点。该工艺技术关键是使用自主开发的HPH型加氢精制催化剂及具有异构和裂化多功能的HPC型加氢改质催化剂。工业应用结果表明,该工艺能够对原料油进行深度加氢精制脱硫、脱氮,芳烃深度加氢饱和,产品收率高,有效降低柴油产品的凝点、密度和馏程,显著提高柴油的十六烷值,是经济型生产清洁柴油的优选工艺,具有广阔的应用前景。     

FHIDW柴油加氢改质降凝技术工业应用及经济效益分析

新型FHIDW柴油加氢改质降凝技术采用加氢降凝和异构降凝催化剂级配组合体系,加工直馏柴油、二次加工柴油或混合柴油,得到优质低凝柴油产品。工业应用表明,以直馏柴油和催化柴油为原料,该技术–35#低凝柴油收率超过73%,柴油产品的凝固点降幅超过30℃,柴油产品其他指标均满足国Ⅵ标准。经济核算结果表明,100万吨/年的装置采用该技术改造后,按照每年度中6个月生产–35#精制柴油工况计算,可增收4 150万元/年。     

FDW-3降凝催化剂研制及应用

介绍了FRIPP研制开发的FDW-3降凝催化剂.该剂可用于FDW、FHDW、FHUG-DW系列降凝工艺中.FDW-3可与加氢催化剂组合,用于处理直馏柴油或其与二次加工柴油混合油,生产-20#和-35#等牌号优质低凝柴油;也可用于润滑油临氢降凝,生产润滑油基础油.评价试验及工业应用结果表明:FDW-3催化剂的使用性能明显优于现有降凝催化剂,处于当前同类催化剂的国际先进水平.     

FDW-3临氢降凝催化剂开发及应用

FDW - 3催化剂是抚顺石油化工研究院新开发的新一代临氢降凝催化剂 ,具有活性高、低凝柴油选择性和稳定性好及原料适应能力强等特点。试验表明 :在相同原料和工艺条件下 ,FDW - 3较参比催化剂低凝柴油产率提高 4 %左右。可在临氢降凝和加氢降凝组合工艺过程中使用。     

FHI柴油加氢改质异构降凝技术

FHI(抚顺石化研究院柴油加氢改质异构降凝技术)是近年开发的一种灵活多效生产清洁柴油的临氢加工技术。中型试验结果表明,采用FHI技术在中压或高压条件下加工直馏和二次加工柴油进料,不仅可以实现深度加氢脱硫、脱氮、脱芳和选择性开环等反应,而且可以使进料中的正构烷烃等高凝点组分进行异构化反应,并使进料中的重馏分发生适度的加氢裂化反应,从而在显著降低柴油产品硫、氮和芳烃尤其是稠环芳烃含量的同时,可以大幅度降低凝固点,并使密度、T95和十六烷值等指标得到明显改善。笔者介绍了FHI技术开发及典型试验结果。     

新型高效节能加氢降凝技术的工业应用

根据柴油馏分组成和加氢降凝过程中的烃类反应规律,中国石化大连石油化工研究院(FRIPP)通过优化降凝催化剂和加氢催化剂级配组合方式,开发了新型高效节能加氢降凝技术.该技术在某炼油厂200万t·a-1柴油加氢降凝装置上获得成功应用,解决了上周期装置使用常规加氢降凝技术时存在柴油收率偏低、能耗和氢耗高的问题.采用新型加氢降...     

前郭石化分公司柴油加氢装置工艺技术路线研究

前郭石化分公司柴油产品质量与国家新标准存在差距，主要原因是催化裂化柴油质量差，催化柴油必须经过加氢装置进行处理。根据企业实际生产情况，柴油加氢装置宜选择加氢精制、改质及临氢降凝三位一体的工艺技术路线，这样既能满足提高柴油产品质量的要求，又能生产经济效益比较好的低凝柴油。     

作为车用燃料的二甲醚及其生产技术

二甲醚（DME）是一种有前景的、清洁的替代汽、柴油的代用燃料。采用一步法由合成气大规模生产二甲醚的、低成本的工艺已开发成功。研究表明,燃料级二甲醚的当量加仑柴油价格比柴油稍高。     

High speed direct injection (DI) light-fuel (gasoline) fumigated vehicle diesel engine

In the presented study, the effects of light-fuel fumigation on diesel engine cycle and characteristics have been examined theoretically. For this purpose, a computer program has been developed for prediction diesel engine cycles and engine characteristics in the cases of neat diesel fuel (NDF) and light-fuel (LF) fumigation. Here, gasoline is used as fumigated (supplementary) light fuel. For calculation of diesel engine cycle, quasi-dimensional phenomenological combustion model developed by Shahed and then Ottikkutti has been used and developed with new assumptions. Firstly, it has been proved that the developed engine cycle model for NDF and LF fumigation gives correct results by comparing with relevant experimental and theoretical studies. Then, for selected 2-10% gasoline ratios LF fumigation is investigated at varied equivalence ratio (VER) and constant equivalence ratios (CER). As a result, it has been determined that increasing gasoline fumigation at VER effective power and carbon monoxide (CO) ratio increase however, nitric oxide (NO) concentration decreases. Also, effective efficiency and specific fuel consumption (SFC) remain nearly constant in this case. Effective power, effective efficiency and CO ratio increase generally by increasing the gasoline fumigation ratio but SFC and NO concentration decrease generally at CER. Furthermore, this case is economic at high engine speeds.     

Performance of compression ignition engine with mahua (Madhuca indica) biodiesel

The performance of biodiesel obtained from mahua oil and its blend with high speed diesel in a Ricardo E6 engine has been presented in this paper together with some of its fuel properties. These properties were found to be comparable to diesel and confirming to both the American and European standards. Engine performance (brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature) and emissions (CO, smoke density and NO_x) were measured to evaluate and compute the behaviour of the diesel engine running on biodiesel. The reductions in exhaust emissions and brake specific fuel consumption together with increase brake power, brake thermal efficiency made the blend of biodiesel (B20) a suitable alternative fuel for diesel and thus could help in controlling air pollution.     

High quality diesel via the Fischer–Tropsch process – a review

The Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis is used to produce chemicals, gasoline and diesel fuel. The FT products are predominantly linear, hence the quality of the diesel fuel is very high, having cetane numbers of up to 75. Since purified synthesis gas is used in the FT process all the products are S‐ and N‐free. In this review the production of syngas and the various options used in the FT process (reactors and catalyst types, and high and low temperature operation) are discussed. The best FT option for producing high quality diesel is using cobalt‐based catalyst in slurry phase reactor, gearing the process for high wax production and then selectively hydrocracking the wax to diesel fuel. The overall diesel pool has a high cetane number, the aromatic S and N contents are zero and the exhaust emissions are significantly lower than for standard diesel fuels. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

以煤代油烘干磷酸二铵

宏福实业开发有限总公司DAP产品干燥时,原燃煤炉采用柴油为燃料,60万t/aDAP年消耗烘干用燃料成本3000多万元。采用低飞灰沸腾炉(GXDF),以烟煤为燃料进行技改,介绍其工艺流程、工艺参数及煤代油后所取得的效果:年节约烘干DAP燃料成本2000多万元,DAP外观颜色基本无变化,各项指标均达到优等品要求。     

生产国Ⅴ柴油的液相循环加氢技术

介绍了抚顺石油化工研究院开发的柴油液相循环加氢技术及其在柴油加氢工业装置上生产国Ⅴ标准柴油的应用情况。结果表明,采用柴油液相循环加氢技术处理直馏柴油、直馏柴油和焦化柴油的混合油及直馏柴油和催化柴油的混合油时,均可以生产满足国Ⅴ标准的清洁车用柴油调和组分。在反应器入口压力9.5 MPa、体积空速1.3 h~(-1)、循环比1.5和入口反应温度360℃的工艺条件下,加工直馏柴油和催化柴油的混合油,可以生产国Ⅴ标准的车用柴油产品调和组分,并可以满足装置长周期稳定运行的要求。     

煤基燃料油品特性与煤制油产业发展分析

基于最新汽油、柴油和航煤质量标准,结合我国市场对成品油需求走向,本文探讨了煤直接液化油、煤间接液化油、加氢煤焦油、煤油共炼产品、甲醇制汽油（MTG汽油）和聚甲氧基二甲醚（DMM_n）等煤基油品的馏分结构与性质,分析了它们对煤制油产业发展的影响。文章指出国家绿色可持续发展需要低硫、低烯烃、低芳烃和高抗爆性能的交通运输燃料,需要降低柴汽比,增产航空煤油。煤基油品的硫氮等有害物质含量低、清洁性很好。除了MTG汽油外,煤基油品的柴汽比过高,需要与石油产品协同发展以满足我国未来的成品油市场需求。费托合成工艺能够直接生产优质柴油和航空喷气燃料油组分,是煤制油产业发展的主要技术路线;煤直接液化工艺所产汽煤柴油馏分性质均不理想,需要持续改进提高;煤油共炼工艺在成品油质量方面弥补了煤直接液化工艺的不足,可作为一条新的煤制油途径。煤焦油加氢可以生产出质量指标达到或接近国Ⅵ标准的车用柴油调和组分,是一条高效利用煤炭加工过程副产品的煤制油技术路线。MTG汽油和DMM_n是优质汽油和柴油组分,能改善炼油企业成品油的柴汽比结构和交通运输燃料产品质量,应加大低成本工艺技术研发、扩大产能。     

Investigation on the fuel spray and emission reduction characteristics for dimethyl ether (DME) fueled multi-cylinder diesel engine with common-rail injection system

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of dimethyl ether (DME) fuel on the engine performance and the exhaust emission reduction characteristics in a DME fueled four-cylinder diesel engine with a common rail injection system, as well as an injection characteristics and a spray behavior. The injection rate meter and the spray visualization system are utilized for the analysis of the injection characteristics and the spray behavior. Also, the modified four-cylinder diesel engine with 1.6 liter engine size is used for the investigation of the engine performance and the exhaust emission reduction characteristics of DME fuel.Based on the experimental investigation, it revealed that the injection quantity of DME fuel was larger than that of the ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) due to the high return fuel pressure at the same injection pressure and energizing duration. In this case, the injection quantity of DME fuel is increased by extension of real injection duration due to return fuel pressure.In combustion characteristics, the peak combustion pressure and the ignition delay of DME fuel are higher and faster than those of ULSD, respectively. The NO_x emission of DME fuel shows slightly higher than that of ULSD at the same engine load condition, and the soot emission of DME fuel is nearly zero level. The oxygenated component and volatility of DME resulted in HC and CO emissions that were lower than those of diesel.     

The potential of di-methyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel for compression-ignition engines: A review

This paper reviews the properties and application of di-methyl ether (DME) as a candidate fuel for compression-ignition engines. DME is produced by the conversion of various feedstock such as natural gas, coal, oil residues and bio-mass. To determine the technical feasibility of DME, the review compares its key properties with those of diesel fuel that are relevant to this application. DME’s diesel engine-compatible properties are its high cetane number and low auto-ignition temperature. In addition, its simple chemical structure and high oxygen content result in soot-free combustion in engines. Fuel injection of DME can be achieved through both conventional mechanical and current common-rail systems but requires slight modification of the standard system to prevent corrosion and overcome low lubricity. The spray characteristics of DME enable its application to compression-ignition engines despite some differences in its properties such as easier evaporation and lower density. Overall, the low particulate matter production of DME provides adequate justification for its consideration as a candidate fuel in compression-ignition engines. Recent research and development shows comparable output performance to a diesel fuel led engine but with lower particulate emissions. NO_x emissions from DME-fuelled engines can meet future regulations with high exhaust gas recirculation in combination with a lean NO_x trap. Although more development work has focused on medium or heavy-duty engines, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the technical feasibility of DME as a candidate fuel for environmentally-friendly compression-ignition engines independent of size or application.     

Aviation fuel JP-5 and biodiesel on a diesel engine

Naval aviation turbine fuel, JP-5, has been accepted as alternative to JP-8 in the frame of the Single Fuel Policy. This has resulted in some ongoing research on JP-5 fuel for its application as a naval single fuel. The necessity to cope with the environmental problems identified in the process of implementing the Single Fuel Policy as well as the strict requirements of modern diesel engines has lead to the need of improved single fuel quality. The development of biomass derived substitutes for diesel, such as biodiesel, is a possible attractive solution. The present paper is an effort to evaluate JP-5 along with diesel and biodiesel for use in a diesel engine. These fuels were used alone and in various mixture fractions in a single cylinder stationary diesel engine in order to evaluate their performance under defined operating conditions of the engine. JP-5 reduced both the NOx and particulate matter emissions as compared to the reference fuel case. Biodiesel significantly lowered particulate emissions, but slightly increased NOx emissions and fuel consumption. Fuel sulfur content has an undesired effect on smoke opacity. Biodiesel increased the fuel consumption when added to petroleum fuels and the increase was larger at high engine loads. Diesel and JP-5 showed similar fuel consumption, with diesel consumption increasing at high engine loads. Ternary blends showed similar behavior. The blends with lower biodiesel content showed lower volumetric fuel consumption.