无线VOIP网络中SIP穿越NAT的设计与实现①

SIP是IETF提出的IP电话信令协议,作为NGN重要协议之一,广泛应用于数据、语音、视频等多媒体通信业务中。但网络中大量NAT的 存在加上SIP本身不支持信令和媒体流的穿越,限制了其在广域网上的应用和发展。对目前主要的NAT穿越方案进行了详细的阐述和比较之后,设计并实现了一种基于STUN协议的NAT穿越方案。该方案目前已成功应用于基于PDA的无线VOIP网络中,并可推广到其它基于SIP协议的终端上,为VOIP业务的推广应用扫清了障碍。     

SIP中NAT穿透技术的研究及实现

随着IP数据业务的蓬勃发展,基于分组的多媒体通信系统标准被广泛运用于视频会议和IP电话中,VOIP是新一代网络时代发展起来的最具代表性和发展前途的应用技术之一,SIP作为VOIP中的一种信令控制协议,具有很大的增长潜力,但SIP协议在设计时没有考虑到实际网络中会部署很多的NAT,为了更好的推广VOIP业务的发展,解决好SIP穿越NAT的问题将是一个重大的研究课题.文中主要在基于UDP穿透技术的基础上为SIP中NAT穿透提出了一种解决方案.最终在VC环境下实现该方案并给出测试结果.     

软交换中SIP穿越NAT的研究与实现

软交换是下一代网络中的核心技术,SIP协议在软交换中起着十分重要的作用,但SIP协议的NAT穿越一直影响着软交换业务的迅速普及。虽然目前解决NAT穿越的方案很多,但都存在着一定的局限性。本文介绍了适合目前软交换网络环境的SBC和ALG方案,并给出了一种基于ALG方案的具体实现。本方案已经成功应用于我们开发的高端防火墙并投入了市场。     

一种SIP穿越NAT方案的设计与实现

本文从基于SIP协议的VoIP及其他IP多媒体应用系统难以穿越NAT的问题出发,提出了一种基于STUN方式的解决方案,并详细介绍了其实现过程。该方案不需要扩展相关协议,不需要对NAT设备进行改造或升级,可以工作在多级NAT串联的环境下,而且可以使外网用户主动呼叫内网用户建立连接。该方案目前已成功应用于我们开发的基于嵌入式Linuux平台的无线VoIP网关中,并可推广到其他基于SIP协议的终端上。     

SIP穿越NAT技术的研究

下一代网络NGN是基于分组技术的网络,能提供基于IP的语音、数据、视频等业务,VoIP是其中典型代表之一,而VoIP所面临的技术难点之一就是如何有效地穿越各种NAT。文章以会话初始化协议SIP作为研究对象,分析SIP穿越NAT的相关技术,对其中的ICE穿透方案进行改进,并以一个VoIP呼叫实例讲解改进后的流程。     

基于SIP的NAT穿越解决方案

NAT（Network Address Translation）是一种IP复用方案，解决了IPv4中IP地址不足的问题。但是传统的VOIP协议是基于实IP进行设计的，与NAT的不相容性阻碍了VOIP的进一步应用。语音如何穿越NAT成为了继续推广VOIP使用的焦点。对现有的NAT实现方案进行了详细的描述，引出了基于SIP协议的VOIP穿越NAT的问题，随后讨论了可能或者已有的解决方案，包括STUN，RTP转播服务器等。最后对NAT的遗留问题做出了总结，对将来NAT研究的重点做出了展望。     

会话边缘控制器在下一代网络中的应用研究

该文通过分析下一代网络安全现状和部署VoIP业务存在的诸多问题,提出一个基于SIP协议的会话边缘控制器(SBC)的解决方案。SBC通过在网络边界处对基于SIP协议的会话进行一定的控制,实现NAT/防火墙穿透功能,同时还可以解决网络安全性问题、异构网络互联问题、服务质量等诸多问题。并针对SBC类似以全代理的方式,提出一种基于SIP协议的NAT/FW穿越的解决方案。     

基于SIP协议的VOIP用户代理研究

为了解决传统的VOIP系统组网复杂、灵活性不佳的问题,对目前的SIP技术和STUN技术进行了研究。利用STUN技术解决了内网IP端口到公网IP端口转换问题。以开源Lumisoft SIP为核心,结合RTP/RTCP相关技术,设计了一种基于SIP协议的VOIP UA用户代理系统模型。实现了通过访问网络上的SIP用户代理或者SIP音乐服务器,为网络用户提供便捷的网络语音、音乐点播等服务。实验表明,基于SIP的VOIP网络结构更简单,更灵活。     

基于ICE的VOIP穿越NAT方案的研究

阐述了网络地址转换NAT(Network Address Translator)的由来,以及VOIP应用中SIP穿越NAT难的问题。研究当前穿越NAT的众多方案,选择利用STUN穿越非对称NAT以及配合TURN来穿越对称NAT,从而实现穿越NAT的ICE方案。该方案无需对NAT和软交换设备做任何改动,而且比以前方案更具灵活性。测试结果表明,该方案成本低,具有一定的应用前景。     

SIP透明穿透NAT方案

SIP是IETF提出的IP电话信令协议，应用于视频电话、即时通信等领域，而网络中大量存在的NAT成为SIP应用推广的最大障碍，因此SIP消息如何有效穿透NAT成为该领域的热点问题之一。文章分析了现有各类SIP穿透NAT的方案，发现其在网络拓扑和应用可扩展性上存在局限。提出了一种新的SIP透明穿透NAT方案，保持了SIP协议在应用方面的可扩展性和拓扑的灵活性，在NAT设备中也只需维护少量的地址映射信息，并对该方案的透明性予以实验验证。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.