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对煤气明火加热炉和钢管马弗炉的结构、控制系统、操作方式、工艺参数进行对比:煤气明火加热炉属于直接加热,比钢管马弗炉加热速度快,热效率高,节省燃料20%~30%;明火加热炉的炉内气氛可调,压力可控,后续生产的铅耗和酸耗比钢管马弗炉分别降低11.9%和4.7%;明火加热炉的烧嘴侧向安装,维护方便,而钢管马弗炉烧嘴顺向安装,易出现炉温波动,且钢管容易烧损,运行成本增加;明火加热炉的Dv值比钢管马弗炉的Dv值高4~5 mm.m/min。试验表明,钢管马弗炉与明火加热炉处理的钢丝力学性能差别不大。 相似文献
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目的探讨《食品安全国家标准食品中灰分的测定》(GB 5009.4-2010)中灰分的两种测定方法的区别,以及如何针对不同的样品选择适宜的测定方法。方法按国家标准规定的两种方法对不同样品的灰分进行测定,同时测定其含磷量,通过两者的关系推断适用的方法。结果检测了10种样本的灰分和磷含量,含磷较低的样品灰分测定可采用直接灰化法,测定结果的相对相差小于5%。含磷量高于0.4%的样品的灰分测定应采用加入灰化助剂的方法测定,且样品的取样量应尽可能小。结论食品中灰分的测定,虽然操作简单,但需注意细节问题,保证数据结果的准确性。 相似文献
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建立石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接进样测定红葡萄酒中痕量铅的快速分析方法。通过对基体改进剂、灰化温度、原子化温度、背景扣除的研究,优化了测定红葡萄酒中重金属元素铅的条件。用浓度为0.15mol/L 的硝酸调节红葡萄酒,磷酸二氢铵作基体改进剂,灰化温度700℃,原子化温度1800℃,NH4H2PO4 扣除背景,氩气作保护气是进行红葡萄酒中铅测定的适宜条件。在优化条件下测定Pb 的加标回收率为98.00%,相对标准偏差为3.004%。石墨炉原子吸收直接进样法测定红葡萄酒中铅的含量,不需要进行样品的复杂处理,方法快速、准确。 相似文献
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目的建立石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中的痕量铅和镉。方法采用湿法消解对茶叶样品进行消解,加入氯化钯、硝酸镁、磷酸二氢铵作为基体改进剂扣除样品中背景干扰的影响,并优化仪器条件进行石墨炉原子光谱法测定。结果测定茶叶样品中铅的最佳基体改进剂为氯化钯-硝酸镁,测定镉的最佳基体改进剂为磷酸二氢铵+硝酸镁。铅优化后的条件为:灰化温度为900℃、原子化温度2000℃,镉优化后的条件为:灰化温度为700℃,原子化温度1100℃。结论本方法简便、快速、准确,可适用于茶叶样品中铅、镉的分析。 相似文献
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纸张中加入少量硫酸钡是为了起到防伪作用,但由于纸张本身所含有机基体、碳酸钙及高岭土所产生的干扰,对于纸张中的硫酸钡分析鉴定非常困难。本实验探讨了上述干扰因素对现行国家标准方法 (GB/T2679.12—1993)的影响,建立了一种样品预处理结合红外光谱分析鉴定纸张中少量硫酸钡的新方法。本方法基于国家标准方法进行样品灰化处理,然后采用1 mol/L的盐酸标准溶液对灰分残余物进行多次酸洗,依次排除有机物和碳酸钙的干扰。结果表明,该方法可以克服现行国家标准方法的缺陷,提高了红外光谱检测硫酸钡的灵敏性,适用于纸张中少量硫酸钡的定性分析。 相似文献
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Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides. 相似文献
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John Gilbert Catherine Simoneau David Cote Achim Boenke 《Food Additives & Contaminants》2000,17(10):889-893
An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium. 相似文献
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Sophie Guillot Laurence Peytavi Sylvie Bureau Renaud Boulanger Jean-Paul Lepoutre Jean Crouzet Sabine Schorr-Galindo 《Food chemistry》2006
The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties. 相似文献
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Jesus Simal-Gandara Miguel Sarria-Vidal Arjen Koorevaar Rinus Rijk 《Food Additives & Contaminants》2000,17(8):703-711
The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials. 相似文献
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Yoko Uematsu Keiko Hirata Kumi Suzuki Kenji Iida Kazuo Saito 《Food Additives & Contaminants》2001,18(2):177-185
BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H2O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol. 相似文献
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A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years. 相似文献
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M. S. Garcí a-Falc n J. Simal-G ndara S. T. Carril-Gonz lez-Barros 《Food Additives & Contaminants》2000,17(12):957-964
A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a 相似文献
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H. J. Van Den Top A. Boenke P. A. Burdaspal J. Bustos H. P. Van Egmond T. Legarda A. Mesego A. Mourino W. E. Paulsch C. Salgado 《Food Additives & Contaminants》2001,18(9):810-824
This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance. 相似文献
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《肉类研究》2014,(2)
<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the 相似文献