小麦谷蛋白亚基的组成及含量与谷蛋白聚合体大分子的关系及其对面包烘焙品质的影响

含有高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)5 10的生物型小麦与2 12的生物型小麦相比，前者谷蛋白具有更大的分子量分布。高低分子量谷蛋白亚基的比例对于谷蛋白聚合体分子量的大小起着重要的作用，谷蛋白聚合体的体积越大，含有的高低分子量谷蛋白亚基的比例越高。SDS非可溶性谷蛋白含有较高比例的高低分子量谷蛋白亚基，并且其分子量要比可溶性谷蛋白聚合体的大。谷蛋白聚合体分子量分布的差异是不同小麦品种面包烘焙品质存在差异的重要因素。     

冀紫439黑小麦与济麦22普麦蛋白及加工品质的比较

为研究冀紫439黑小麦的蛋白特性与加工品质间的关系,以济麦22普通小麦为对照,测定济麦22与冀紫439小麦粉4种蛋白组分及亚基组成,面筋蛋白的二级结构、分子间作用力、巯基及二硫键含量,并对面筋及流变学指标、面团的微结构及馒头的品质进行分析。结果表明,冀紫439小麦粉清蛋白、谷蛋白含量、谷蛋白与醇溶蛋白比例显著高于济麦22小麦粉,球蛋白含量显著低于济麦22小麦粉;冀紫439含有高分子量黑小麦醇溶蛋白亚基,且高分子量谷蛋白亚基条带少,不利于面团的黏弹性;冀紫439面筋蛋白二级结构中β-折叠含量、氢键与二硫键含量显著低于济麦22,不利于面筋网络的形成,故拉伸特性中延伸性随时间的延长而降低,面团微观结构蛋白与淀粉包裹致密,相较于济麦22气孔更紧密,馒头的嚼劲增大,但回复性减小。综合分析,冀紫439黑小麦为中弱筋特色小麦品种,可结合蛋白特性进一步改善馒头品质。     

普通小麦胚乳蛋白质与面包烘烤品质关系的研究与利用注（I）蛋白质及其各组分的含量与烤品质的关系研究

普通小麦籽粒蛋白质的含量和质量是影响面包烘烤品质的决定性因素,本文综述了国内外学者对小麦蛋白质及其组分的含量和比例与烘烤品质的相关关系的研究,指出一定的粗蛋白含量是烘烤品质的基础,与粗蛋白含量相比,谷蛋白相对含量,尤其是高分子量谷蛋白亚基的相对含量及谷蛋白大聚合体的相对含量对面包烘烤品质的影响更大。     

陕西关中小麦品种食品制作和特性研究

以小偃 6号、小偃 10 7、陕 2 2 9为对照 ,对陕西关中地区区域试验小麦品种的籽粒品质、食品品质进行聚类 ,分析其食品制作适用性。研究结果表明 :陕优 2 2 5、小偃 6号、陕 15 0适合制作面包 ;小偃 6号、陕优2 2 5、远丰 898、西农 1376可制作优质面条 ;小偃 6号、小偃 10 7　远丰 898制作的馒头品质优良。经结果分析认为 ,小偃 6号为面包、面条、馒头兼用型小麦品种 ;陕优 2 2 5为面包、面条兼用型小麦品种 ;远丰为面条、馒头兼用型小麦品种     

普通小麦胚乳蛋白质与面包烘烤品质关系的研究与利用 (I)蛋白质及其各组分的含量与烘烤品质的关系研究

普通小麦籽粒蛋白质的含量和质量是影响面包烘烤品质的决定性因素。本文综述了国内外学者对小麦蛋白质及其组分的含量和比例与烘烤品质的相关关系的研究,指出一定的粗蛋白含量是烘烤品质的基础。与粗蛋白含量相比,谷蛋白的相对含量,尤其是高分子量谷蛋白亚基的相对含量及谷蛋白大聚合体的相对含量对面包烘烤品质的影响更大。     

饺子专用粉蛋白组分与速冻饺子品质及质构的相关性

<正> 有关小麦中蛋白质含量与其加工品质的关系报道较多,结果不尽一致。一般认为,蛋白质含量影响面包的烘烤品质,而不同的加工用途对小麦粉中蛋白质含量的要求也不同。有研究证明,决定小麦品质的主要因素是麦谷蛋白组成,特别是高相对分子质量的麦谷蛋白亚基组合。只有具备优质亚基且各蛋白组分比例适合的小麦品种,才能具有良好的加工品质。高相对分子质量的麦     

彩粒小麦面包品质评价

彩粒小麦富含蛋白质、氨基酸和对人体有益的微量元素或矿物质,具有较高的营养保健作用和加工品质,从而成为食品加工中的特殊原料,可被制成各种高营养功能食品.为了考察我校培育的5个彩粒小麦的面包加工品质,以同一试验田同时种植、采收、加工的济麦19为对照,根据GB/T14611-1993进行了5个彩粒小麦品系的面包制作及其感官品质评价,并采用质构分析法评价了面包的质构特性.结果显示,绿麦面包感官总分最高,D4红次之,二者高于对照济麦19,而质构品质各有特色.感官和质构评价结果都显示,红5、黑3、红6的面包品质低于济麦19,其中红5较差,黑3更差,红6最差.面包质构品质评价与感官评价结果基本一致,说明可以采用质构特性值辅助评价面包加工品质,可避免感官评价的主观性.     

我国与国外优质面包小麦品种品质性状的比较研究

本研究旨在分析我国面包小麦品种与国外主要优质面包小麦产区推广品种的品质差异。品质比较着重于品种间蛋白质含量和面筋强度的遗传差异，测定性状包括：籽粒蛋白质含量、ＳＤＳ沉降值、揉面性能及高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的构成等。结果表明：虽然面包小麦品种间差异较大，但我国新培育的优质面包小麦品种与美、加、澳等国优质面包小麦推广品种的总体水平相近。     

荞麦籽粒谷蛋白亚基结构研究初探

通过对陕北苦荞、陕北甜荞以及小麦小偃6号和小麦面粉Meneba的比较分析,认为荞麦面粉的蛋白质含量低于小麦;荞麦面粉富含清蛋白,醇溶蛋白的含量极低,谷蛋白含量低于小麦品种和面粉,残渣蛋白的含量极高。荞麦籽粒谷蛋白亚基分子量较小,高分子谷蛋白的亚基数量和含量远小于小麦。     

面包质地品质性状的研究Ⅱ面包小麦烘烤品质的逐步回归分析

测定面包小麦品种的常用品质性状,经过选择后,确定其蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、ＳＤＳ沉降值、Ｚｅｌｅｎｙ沉降值、Ｐｅｌｓｈｅｎｋｅ值、溶涨值、和面仪曲线和粉质仪曲线特征值及种子贮藏蛋白高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基评分等为研究对象。结果表明,同美国优质面包小麦相比,首届面包小麦品种的蛋白质含量和学降值较高;面包体积较大,但是面包质地品质（三项品质评分：平滑度、弹揉性和内部结构）表现较差;研究的１４个品质特征值变     

豌豆蛋白粉馒头加工工艺研究

将豌豆蛋白粉作为营养强化剂加入小麦粉中以改善馒头的口感、风味,丰富馒头的种类,增加食用者对蛋白质的摄入。选取豌豆蛋白粉添加量、加水量、二次发酵时间和馒头坯揉制次数4个因素,设计单因素和L9(34)正交试验。结果表明:豌豆蛋白粉添加量为6%、加水量为54%、二次发酵时间为45 min、馒头坯揉制次数为12次,得到豌豆蛋白粉馒头品质较好。将豌豆蛋白粉馒头与小麦粉馒头比较,蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、膳食纤维、赖氨酸的含量高于小麦馒头,添加豌豆蛋白粉明显改善了馒头品质,感官评分检验在5%水平下t=5.582,大于t9(5%)=2.262,两者存在显著差异,豌豆蛋白粉馒头感官性状、营养价值均优于小麦馒头。     

Nutritional,Health, and Technological Functionality of Lupin Flour Addition to Bread and Other Baked Products: Benefits and Challenges

Lupin is an undervalued legume despite its high protein and dietary fiber content and potential health benefits. This review focuses on the nutritional value, health benefits, and technological effects of incorporating lupin flour into wheat-based bread. Results of clinical studies suggest that consuming lupin compared to wheat bread and other baked products reduce chronic disease risk markers; possibly due to increased protein and dietary fiber and bioactive compounds. However, lupin protein allergy has also been recorded. Bread quality has been improved when 10% lupin flour is substituted for refined wheat flour; possibly due to lupin-wheat protein cross-linking assisting bread volume and the high water-binding capacity (WBC) of lupin fiber delaying staling. Above 10% substitution appears to reduce bread quality due to lupin proteins low elasticity and the high WBC of its dietary fiber interrupting gluten network development. Gaps in understanding of the role of lupin flour in bread quality include the optimal formulation and processing conditions to maximize lupin incorporation, role of protein cross-linking, antistaling functionality, and bioactivity of its γ-conglutin protein.     

Effects of barley flour and barley protein isolate on chemical, functional, nutritional and biological properties of Pita bread

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of fortification of wheat flour with barley flour (BF) and barley protein isolate (BPI) at three levels; 5, 10 and 15% levels on the chemical composition, nutritional evaluation and biological properties of pita bread. Proteins fractions such as globulin, prolamin, glutelin-1 and glutelin-2 as well as protein isolates were extracted from barley flour and evaluated for protein yield, chemical composition and nutritional quality. Highest yield and essential amino acids contents were obtained in barley protein isolate. SDS-PAGE gels electrophoresis indicated that fortified wheat flour with BPI and BF consists of proteins coming from wheat flour and barley proteins. The contents of essential limiting amino acids in bread were increased from 1.38 to 3.10 g/100 g for lysine and from 0.86 to 1.73 g/100 g for methionine as the ratio of fortification with BF and BPI increased from 0 to 15%. The highest content of total phenolics, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory activity for both angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and α-amylase were found in fortified bread with BPI at 15%. Results indicated that bread made from fortification of wheat flour with BF and BPI at 15% showed superior chemical, physico-chemical, nutritional and biological properties.     

马铃薯泥对面团及面包品质的影响

为提高马铃薯的利用率,丰富主食面包的种类,选取5个不同品种的马铃薯样品,蒸熟后制成马铃薯泥,按30%的比例添加到面包粉中制作面包。通过分析混合面团的粉质、拉伸特性及发酵性能,研究添加马铃薯泥对混合面团流变学特性的影响;通过对马铃薯泥面包进行感官评价和仪器分析,探索添加马铃薯泥对面包品质的影响。结果表明,添加马铃薯泥后,混合面团筋力减弱,加工性能略有下降,但具有良好的持气能力和产气能力,发酵性能良好;添加马铃薯泥后所制面包体积变大,且不易老化,其中加入5号马铃薯样品的面包感官评价总分最高,面包切片亮度高于对照样品,且粗气孔体积得到改善。综合考虑面包的感官和物理特性,添加5号马铃薯样品做出的面包品质最好。     

Effect of fortification of defatted soy flour on sensory and rheological properties of wheat bread

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soy-fortified bread on the sensory and rheological properties. Ground defatted soy flour was blended with wheat flour at 3%, 7% and 12%. The organoleptic characteristics of soy-fortified wheat breads were carried out by taste panel. The effect of this fortification on the rheological properties of the resulting dough was investigated using farinograph and extensograph for quality assessment of the final product. The ash and protein contents of 3% and 7% wheat–soy bread blends increased compared with control. The results revealed that organoleptic characteristics score such as bendability, appearance, flavour and taste, crust texture and overall acceptability properties of bread containing 3% defatted soy flour was highest even though it is not significantly different. Therefore, we conclude that adding 3% or 7% defatted soy flour actually gives as good a loaf of bread as the 100% wheat bread with higher nutritional quality and acceptable consumer attitude with rheological and sensory characteristics.     

Effects of almond gum as texture and sensory quality improver in wheat bread

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of almond gum as dietary fibre source in enhancing the wheat bread quality. Different amounts of almond gum (2%, 5% and 10% (w/w)) were used in bread formulation. The volume, texture, crust and crumb colour, as well as the sensorial properties, were evaluated and compared to control (without almond gum). The obtained results showed that almond gum addition enhanced significantly the volume of bread. The highest volume was obtained using 2% almond gum concentration with 23.6% increase, compared to control. Using almond gum in bread formulation improved considerably its texture with a notable decrease in hardness by 61.7% and 42.5% when using 2% and 5% almond gum, respectively. The sensory analysis scores showed that the better overall acceptability was found for breads supplemented with 2% almond gum, as compared to control and breads supplemented with 5% or 10% almond gum.     

Effect of Sodium Stearoyl-2-Lactylate on the Rheological and Baking Properties of Wheat Bread Fortified with Defatted Soybean and Sesame Meal

Wheat flour was fortified with 8% DSBM (defatted soybean meal), 12% DSBM and 8% DSBM/4% DSM (defatted sesame meal) to increase the protein content and amino acid profile, and to upgrade the overall nutritional value of the bread. SSL (sodium stearoyl-2-lacty-late), at 0.5 and 1% levels, was incorporated into the three bread systems to overcome the deleterious effect of fortification on bread quality. Amylograph peak viscosity, dough elasticity, dough stability and bread volume improved when SSL was used. Addition of 1% SSL improved rheological properties and bread volume to a greater extent than 0.5% SSL. The control (100% wheat) bread had the best flavor, texture and color scores, followed by the 8% DSBM, 8% DSBM/4% DSM and 12% DSBM breads.     

不同马铃薯品种用于加工面条的适宜性

由于马铃薯品种繁多,不同原料品质会影响马铃薯面条的品质,为研究不同马铃薯品种加工面条的适宜性,指导马铃薯产业选择加工种植品种。试验采用最大-最小归一化处理方法将马铃薯面团和马铃薯面条的各个品质指标转化为一维的综合评价指标,分别与40个马铃薯原料品种的品质指标(淀粉、维C、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、粗纤维、钾、灰分、干物质、游离氨基酸、硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性、胶黏性、回复性)进行拟合并建立回归模型,采用聚类方法,将40个马铃薯品种按照加工适宜性分为三类。结果表明,建立的马铃薯面团综合品质评价模型决定系数R^2=0.911,调整后决定系数R^2=0.904,随机误差估计值=123.113;马铃薯面条综合评价模型决定系数R^2=0.973,调整后决定系数R2=0.971,随机误差估计值=432.226;利用K-means聚类算法将40个马铃薯品种按加工适宜性划分为最适宜、基本适宜和不适宜3类,其中最适宜加工的品种为05-44-1、克9、79(2)、C11、D17、C3、T3、庄3、会2、T4、L7、黑共12个品种,基本适宜品种为L0524-2、冀8、T2、F5、红、郑7、S3-28、中901、S4-32、中13、T5、冀12、甘农5、晋18、F6、T18、78共17个。该研究得到的综合品质评价模型拟合度较高,误差较小,模型效果可靠,可用于实际马铃薯面条的品质评价;K-means聚类结果与实际应用情况相符,可为新疆地区筛选加工专用品种提供参考和借鉴。     

保健型南瓜赤小豆馒头的制作条件研究

以自制南瓜粉,赤小豆粉为原料,在单因素实验基础上,利用正交实验研究了南瓜粉添加量、赤小豆粉添加量、发酵时间、加水量对制作南瓜赤小豆馒头感官品质的影响,以确定其最佳制作条件,并测定了其理化性质的。最佳制作条件为:南瓜添加量25%,赤小豆粉添加量10%,发酵时间3.5 h,加水量50%。对南瓜赤小豆馒头的质构特性测定的结果表明其硬度测定值明显优于无添加的白馒头;制作的南瓜赤小豆馒头的南瓜多糖为14.6%,比对照提高了43.0%;膳食纤维为3.94%,比对照提高了2.31倍;蛋白质含量为10.89%,比对照提高了64.3%,实现了在不降低馒头品质的前提下提升产品的营养成分含量。