施硒对紫甘薯硒素累积及产量和品质的影响研究

以紫甘薯为试验材料,通过大田试验研究不同品种紫甘薯对外源硒吸收和分配特征,并分析了施硒对紫甘薯产量和品质的影响。结果表明：施硒可显著提高紫甘薯薯块硒含量（p>0.05）。不同品种紫甘薯差异达到显著水平。日本新紫、宁紫2号、日本凌紫、越南紫4个品种对外源硒的富集能力较强。施硒显著提高紫甘薯各器官硒累积量（p>0.05）,其大小顺序为薯块>茎>叶。本试验施硒量下,使浙紫1号、越南紫产量降低,徐8008、紫菁2号的产量升高,对其他8个品种产量影响不显著。施硒可显著提高薯块中N、P含量,降低B含量,对K、Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn 含量影响不显著。施硒对紫甘薯的商品率、花青素与可溶性糖含量影响不显著但可显著提高可溶性蛋白含量。     

施硒对紫甘薯硒素累积及产量和品质的影响研究

以紫甘薯为试验材料,通过大田试验研究不同品种紫甘薯对外源硒吸收和分配特征,并分析了施硒对紫甘薯产量和品质的影响。结果表明:施硒可显著提高紫甘薯薯块硒含量(P0.05)。不同品种紫甘薯差异达到显著水平。日本新紫、宁紫2号、日本凌紫、越南紫4个品种对外源硒的富集能力较强。施硒显著提高紫甘薯各器官硒累积量(P0.05),其大小顺序为薯块茎叶。本试验施硒量下,使浙紫1号、越南紫产量降低,徐8008、紫菁2号的产量升高,对其他8个品种产量影响不显著。施硒可显著提高薯块中N、P含量,降低B含量,对K、Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量影响不显著。施硒对紫甘薯的商品率、花青素与可溶性糖含量影响不显著但可显著提高可溶性蛋白含量。     

1-甲基环丙烯对甘薯块根贮藏过程中品质相关指标的影响

以目前广泛栽培的4 个鲜食型甘薯品种为材料,研究了1-甲基环丙烯（1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）对贮藏过程中甘薯块根品质相关指标的影响。结果表明,1.00 μL/L的1-MCP对甘薯块根中可溶性糖、直链淀粉、支链淀粉以及胡萝卜素含量等甘薯品质相关指标有显著影响,并且这种影响因甘薯品种不同而存在明显差异。与对照处理相比,1-MCP处理的4 个甘薯品种可溶性糖含量达到高峰值的时间均有所提前,1-MCP显著提高了‘广87’和‘烟薯25’块根中可溶性糖含量峰值。1-MCP显著降低了0～7 d贮藏期间‘广87’、‘烟薯25’和‘龙薯9号’块根中直链淀粉含量,显著提高‘广87’和‘苏薯16’贮藏期间直链淀粉含量峰值,显著降低了‘苏薯16’和‘烟薯25’在贮藏28～120 d期间块根中直链淀粉含量。1-MCP还显著降低了‘苏薯16’和‘龙薯9号’在贮藏28～120 d期间的支链淀粉含量。1-MCP也显著改变了胡萝卜素含量的变化趋势,提前了‘广87’、‘苏薯16’和‘龙薯9号’在贮藏期间胡萝卜素含量达到最低值的时间。     

甘薯块根膨大后期β-淀粉酶和淀粉含量相关性分析

为了研究甘薯β-淀粉酶和淀粉含量相关性,对不同基因型的甘薯薯块在果实膨大期到收获期期间淀粉率和β-淀粉酶活性进行测定。结果表明:多数甘薯薯块淀粉率呈升高趋势,升幅为1到5个百分点,而β-淀粉酶活性多呈下降趋势,并且不同品系间的酶活性差异较大。相关性分析表明,甘薯膨大后期,薯块中淀粉率变化和β-淀粉酶活性变化有一定相关性,但不同基因型的相关性正负和显著性有所区别。      

不同熟化方式下甘薯果胶含量与质构相关性分析

目的 比较分析不同品种的甘薯在不同熟化方式下果胶含量的差异以及与质构指标的相关性。方法 采用咔唑比色法对甘薯中的可溶性果胶含量和原果胶含量进行测定,并测定了生、熟薯块的质构指标。结果 不同甘薯品种的生、烤和蒸薯中均含有可溶性果胶和原果胶,且各品种的果胶含量存在差异。在生薯的果胶含量中,原果胶含量最高;在烤薯和蒸薯的果胶含量中,可溶性果胶含量最高。参试品种的生薯、烤薯和蒸薯的质构指标间差异性较大。在生薯中,冀元2号的硬度最高,冀元1号的黏附性最大,冀元2号的胶黏性最大;烤薯中冀薯9号的硬度最大,慧谷2号的弹性最大,普薯32号的内聚性最高;蒸薯中慧谷2号的硬度最大,哈密的弹性最大,冀元1号的胶黏性最大。相关性分析结果表明,质构指标与可溶性果胶含量、原果胶含量之间存在着较好的相关性:生薯的原果胶含量与干物率呈极显著正相关,与黏附性呈极显著负相关;烤薯可溶性果胶含量与原果胶含量之间呈显著负相关;蒸薯的可溶性果胶含量与弹性呈显著正相关,原果胶含量与回复性呈显著负相关。结论 该研究结果可为甘薯品种适宜加工方式的选择和评价,以及后续甘薯新品种的选育提供参考。     

甘薯对土壤中镉的吸收特征研究

目的 探究甘薯的镉吸收特征,为评估镉污染甘薯的质量安全风险提供依据。方法 在中度镉污染的地块间作甘薯、花生、大豆,检测叶、茎、皮/壳、肉/籽实等4个组织部位在生育期90 d、120 d、150d的镉含量,比较镉吸收差异。结果 3种作物的镉吸收能力依次为花生＞大豆＞甘薯,8个品种甘薯的镉含量均未超过限量标准,镉含量呈叶＞茎＞皮＞肉的规律,生育期150 d时地上部分茎叶的镉含量最高,而地下部分薯块的镉含量最低。结论 与花生和大豆相比,甘薯为低吸收镉作物,在中度及以下镉污染区域种植的甘薯,薯块食用安全风险低。     

不同品种甘薯淀粉加工特性及其与磷含量的相关性研究

对24个甘薯品种的淀粉含量、干率、可溶性糖含量、淀粉的黏度特征谱和磷含量进行了比较研究。结果表明:试验品种薯块的平均淀粉含量为22.14%,以渝薯1号最高,达31.45%;平均干物质率为31.38%,品种之间的差异较小;平均可溶性糖含量2.32%,以秦薯5号最低,为0.42%;褐变指数7.00~20.01,最低的为渝薯27;淀粉糊化温度范围为66.8~77.1 ℃,秦薯9号、苏薯24、烟薯26和济薯25淀粉的糊化温度均低于70 ℃;淀粉峰值黏度最高的品种为运薯271,达1207 BU;崩解值最低的品种为桂粉3号,为381 BU;回生值最低的品种为秦薯5号,为241BU;淀粉磷含量82~231 mg/kg,与峰值黏度极显著正相关(p<0.01)。建议进行淀粉类产品加工时,根据产品所需的特征参数选择合适的品种,实现物尽其用。受试甘薯中,以渝薯1号、渝薯27、济薯25和苏薯24的综合加工特性较好,推荐作为育种亲本。     

不同贮藏温度对冷凉地区甘薯块根品质的影响

目的 研究不同贮藏温度对冷凉地区甘薯块根品质的影响，为当地因地制宜建设地下或半地下贮藏窖的短期贮藏筛选适宜品种。方法 以腐烂率、失重率、淀粉含量、可溶性糖含量、抗坏血酸含量、谷胱甘肽含量、果胶含量、α淀粉酶活性及薯块硬度变化为指标，考察了12个甘薯品种在6、9和12℃ 3个不同贮藏温度中块根品质随时间的变化规律。结果 相同品种间，随着贮藏温度的降低，甘薯腐烂率、α淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖、果胶含量和硬度波动明显，总体呈上升趋势，失重率、淀粉含量呈下降趋势，抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽含量均随着贮藏时间而缓慢下降。不同品种间耐贮性存在较大差异，12℃贮藏条件下，各品种腐烂率较低，但失重率相对较高；9℃贮藏条件下，部分品种腐烂率上升，但抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽等营养物质损失较小；6℃低温贮藏条件下，失重率及腐烂率较低的品种是商薯19、苏薯28号和徐紫薯8号；α淀粉酶活性较弱的品种是徐紫薯8号、济薯26号、心香和商薯19；而济薯26号、徐薯32号、商薯19号和徐紫薯8号贮藏35 d后，淀粉含量损失较少。结论 通过贮藏特性评价，掌握不同品种的品质随贮藏温度变化规律，筛选出商薯19、徐紫薯8号和苏薯28号3个适宜6℃低温贮藏的品种。     

基于TXRF法的欧李果肉中营养元素特征分析

采用全反射X射线荧光分析法,研究10 份欧李种质果肉中10 种营养元素（P、S、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Rb、Sr）特征,以及产地对京欧2号品种果肉中营养元素含量的影响。结果表明：欧李果肉中富含营养元素,特别是Ca含量较高,其中CH种质果肉中Ca含量最高（441.1 mg/kg,以鲜质量计）;不同种质欧李果肉中营养元素含量差异较大,其中S、Fe、Ca和Sr含量在种质间差异的变异系数大于30%;主成分分析表明,P、S、K、Rb、Ca、Sr是欧李的特征元素;产地对欧李中营养元素影响较大,其中河北张北所产欧李营养元素含量更为丰富。     

紫甘薯主要品质性状基因型与环境效应研究

利用甘薯国家区试7个紫甘薯材料,分析不同基因型差异和环境效应互作对其主要品质性状的影响以及其相关性。结果表明:不同基因型紫甘薯间产量水平、干率、淀粉以及可溶性糖均达极显著差异(P0.01),不同产地间产量水平和蛋白质呈极显著差异(P0.01),对还原糖和可溶性糖达显著差异(P0.05);相关分析表明紫甘薯不同品质指标之间相关性存在较大差异,花青素合成代谢主要受基因控制;选育高花青素品种(系)主要从遗传背景分析,选择高花青素品种(系)为亲本。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the