高直链淀粉微波制备高取代度醋酸酯淀粉的研究

以高直链玉米淀粉为原料,醋酸酐为乙酰化试剂.浓硫酸为催化剂,利用微波辐射技术合成高取代度的醋酸酯淀粉.通过正交实验确定了高取代度醋酸酯淀粉的最佳合成工艺为:绝干高直链玉米淀粉20g,醋酸酐70mL.浓硫酸用量0.4mL,辐射时间6min,辐射功率600W,制得取代度为1.4428的醋酸酯淀粉.并对高取代度醋酸酯淀粉的特性粘度和溶解性等性质进行了测定分析.     

响应面法优化高取代度黄姜醋酸酯淀粉的制备

以浓硫酸作催化剂,黄姜淀粉为原料,冰醋酸和醋酸酐为改性剂,合成了高取代度的黄姜淀粉醋酸酯。运用响应面法优化了制备工艺,结果表明制备黄姜醋酸酯淀粉的最佳反应条件为反应温度70℃,反应时间2.5h,0.20mL H2SO4作催化剂,醋酸酐与醋酸体积比为32∶68,取代度为1.70     

苯酚-硫酸法测定干红葡萄酒中的多糖含量

本研究主要从苯酚与浓硫酸用量、水浴温度与时间、浓硫酸加入方式3个方面对苯酚-硫酸法测定葡萄酒多糖进行了优化,并利用优化的苯酚-硫酸法分析了沉淀葡萄酒样中沉淀物及滤液的多糖含量、以及浑浊酒样和澄清酒样的多糖含量。结果显示,当浓硫酸用量为5mL,5%苯酚用量为1mL,水浴温度为100℃,水浴时间15min,且浓硫酸的加入方式为室温下迅速加入时能得到最佳的结果;葡萄酒沉淀物中可检测到一定量多糖,浑浊酒的多糖含量总体上略高于澄清酒样。     

微波辅助制备醋酸纳米豆渣纤维素工艺研究

本试验以酸水解法制备的纳米豆渣纤维素为原料,采用微波辅助表面乙酰化法制备醋酸纳米纤维素,研究微波处理时间、微波处理功率、反应时间、反应温度、浓硫酸与纳米豆渣纤维素浆(含水量90%)比、醋酸酐与纳米豆渣纤维素浆糊(含水量90%)比6个因素对醋酸纳米豆渣纤维素取代度的影响。通过正交试验可确定制备醋酸纳米纤维素的最佳工艺:微波处理时间30 s,微波处理功率240 W,反应温度为50℃,反应时间3 h,浓硫酸与纳米豆渣纤维素浆(含水量90%)比为1:10(mL/g),醋酸酐与纳米豆渣纤维素浆(含水量90%)比为6:5(mL/g)。在该条件下获得的醋酸纳米纤维素取代度为0.205 0。再利用TEM(透射电镜)对产物进行表征,可得到改性后产物颗粒粒径并未发生改变。     

气相色谱-质谱法结合气相色谱法鉴别山茶籽油真实属性

该研究旨在建立一种GC-MS结合GC对掺假山茶籽油进行定性鉴别的方法。该实验基于GC-MS法检测植物油中β-香树脂醇的含量，以实现样品的批量初筛，再结合GC法检测其中油酸与亚油酸的含量进行确证，实现山茶籽油掺假的定性鉴别。结果表明，β-香树脂醇的测定出峰较快、检测周期短、线性关系良好。该方法在低、中、高水平的加标回收率为82.6%～111.5%,相对标准偏差均低于5.36%,可实现植物油样品的批量初筛。结合GC检测其脂肪酸含量进行确证，油酸和亚油酸含量可作为山茶籽油掺假的鉴别指标。该方法可实现山茶籽油中掺入一种或其他几种植物油(花生油、玉米油、菜籽油与大豆油)的定性鉴别，其掺假判定限为10%。     

醋酸淀粉合成的工艺研究

以冰醋酸和醋酸酐为混合酸，以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂制备醋酸淀粉。研究了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、酸与酸酐的体积比等反应工艺条件不同对产物取代度的影响，得出工艺条件为：淀粉20g，醋酸酐33mL，冰乙酸26mL，催化剂对甲苯磺酸0．3g，反应温度85℃～90℃，反应时间为3h。     

淀粉醋酯化催化剂的探索

以木薯淀粉为原料，用醋酸酐为酯化剂，以乙酸为分散递质，探索了以浓硫酸、对甲基苯磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸为催化剂对淀粉醋酯化反应的影响．用红外光谱对反应产物的结构进行鉴定．实验结果表明：十二烷基苯磺酸可以作为淀粉酯化的催化剂．     

苯酚-硫酸法测定南瓜籽多糖含量的条件优化

对苯酚-硫酸法测定南瓜籽多糖含量的条件进行探讨,研究在苯酚-硫酸法中吸收波长、浓硫酸用量、苯酚用量、显色温度和显色时间等因素对显色结果的影响,并对该法的精密度、加标回收率等进行研究。结果表明,优化后的测定条件为显色波长486nm、6%苯酚的用量1.0mL、浓硫酸用量5.0mL、30℃水浴30min。该条件下,平均加样回收率为100.75%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.83%。证明苯酚-硫酸法是测定南瓜籽多糖含量的一种稳定性好、回收率高的简便方法。     

精炼过程对茶籽油脂肪酸与挥发性物质的影响

采用气相色谱与气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分析精炼前后茶籽油中脂肪酸组成与挥发性风味物质成分。通过"相对气味活度值(ROAV)"评价各挥发性风味物质对茶籽油总体风味的贡献。结果表明:粗榨茶籽油和精炼茶籽油中均检测出6种脂肪酸,主要成分是棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸,精炼后不饱和脂肪酸比例略有提高;醛类物质为粗榨茶籽油和精炼茶籽油中的主要挥发性物质;精炼后茶籽油中酯类相对含量增加了3倍以上,杂环类化合物百分比从3.52%下降到1.62%,酮类化合物从2.33%下降到0.11%。总之,精炼可以提高茶籽油不饱和脂肪酸含量,产生大量酯类化合物,并对茶籽油果香起到衬托作用。     

基于GC-IMS技术分析湿提和热榨油茶籽油风味的差异

为探究不同工艺对油茶籽油风味的影响,采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)技术对湿提和热榨油茶籽油风味物质进行分析。结果表明：湿提和热榨油茶籽油中均鉴定出32种风味物质;醛类是湿提和热榨油茶籽油主要的风味成分,其在湿提和热榨油茶籽油含量分别为62.62%和70.52%;湿提和热榨油茶籽油风味成分差异主要在于醛类和醇类物质含量,湿提油茶籽油的醇类和酯类物质含量高于热榨油茶籽油,糠醛含量(1.96%)远低于热榨茶籽油(11.18%);通过主成分分析和样品间相似度分析比较,两种工艺油茶籽油整体风味差异明显。湿提油茶籽油可能具有比热榨油茶籽油更柔和的风味和更安全的食用价值。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the