γ射线辐照及其后退火MgAl2O4透明陶瓷中缺陷运动行为的研究

用不同剂量的γ射线辐照镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷，并对辐照后的样品进行等时退火，UV－VIS和FT－IR，PAT测试表明，辐照前3360cm^-1处有吸收峰，它是由VOH^-心吸收引起的，通过γ射线辐照，样品在370nm处产生吸收带，它是由辐照产生的V型色心吸收引起的，通过退火可以使V型色心吸收带消除。结果表明：对陶瓷γ射线辐照及退火，将使样品中的空位团发生分裂和空位聚集。较低剂量的γ射线辐照能降低陶瓷紫外到红外透过率，大剂量的γ射线辐照能在陶瓷中产生局域退火效应，它能阻止可见和紫外透过率随剂量增加而下降并能增加陶瓷红外透过率。     

含稀土ZnO-B_2O_3-SiO_2玻璃的化学稳定性（英文）

为了探索稀土氧化物掺杂对硼硅酸盐玻璃化学稳定性的影响,利用熔融冷却法制备了掺杂Nd_2O_3、Gd_2O_3和Y_2O_3的ZnO-B_2O_3-SiO_2系玻璃。在一定的条件下,对玻璃在去离子水、酸、碱液态侵蚀介质中的腐蚀行为进行了研究。利用扫描电镜和能谱分析对腐蚀后的玻璃样品表面形貌和成分变化进行了表征,对酸性侵蚀介质中出现的白色沉淀进行了X射线物性分析,同时利用电感耦合等离子光谱仪测定了去离子水中浸出离子的浓度。结果表明:该系统玻璃的化学稳定性顺序为:耐酸性耐碱性耐水性。稀土氧化物的添加降低了玻璃侵蚀过程中的质量损失,减轻了玻璃的腐蚀程度和抑制了各组分的浸出量。Y_2O_3、Gd_2O_3和Nd_2O_3的添加使得该玻璃在去离子水中钠离子的浸出量从148.703μg/cm~2分别降低到43.751,63.984和138.828μg/cm~2。Nd_2O_3、Gd_2O_3和Y_2O_3掺杂对硼硅酸盐玻璃化学稳定性的改善作用顺序为Y_2O_3Gd_2O_3Nd_2O_3。     

红外Ga_2S_3–Sb_2S_3硫系玻璃的热稳定性及光学性能

采用真空熔融淬冷法制备Ga_xSb_(40–x)S_(60)硫系玻璃样品,并通过Archimedes法、X射线衍射、热膨胀系数分析、可见/近红外光谱吸收度与透过率、中远红外光谱透过率以及Raman散射光谱等研究了硫系玻璃样品的结构、热稳定性和光学性能。结果表明:随着Ga含量的增加,玻璃密度逐渐下降,玻璃转变温度逐渐提高,热膨胀系数不断减小,表明玻璃具有良好的热稳定性;玻璃的可见/近红外短波截止边均发生蓝移,光学带隙增大,而且保持了良好的红外透过率,其较宽的红外透过范围(0.8~14.0μm),涵盖了目前3大主要通信波段和热红外波段,Ga–Sb–S玻璃已成为极具前景的红外材料。Ga含量增加促进[GaS_4]四面体的形成,减少[SbS_3]三角锥的比例,归纳了该类硫系玻璃的光学性质与结构的依赖关系。     

含稀土ZnO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃的化学稳定性

为了探索稀土氧化物掺杂对硼硅酸盐玻璃化学稳定性的影响,利用熔融冷却法制备了掺杂Nd2O3、Gd2O3和Y2O3的ZnO-B2O3-SiO2系玻璃.在一定的条件下,对玻璃在去离子水、酸、碱液态侵蚀介质中的腐蚀行为进行了研究.利用扫描电镜和能谱分析对腐蚀后的玻璃样品表面形貌和成分变化进行了表征,对酸性侵蚀介质中出现的白色沉淀进行了X射线物性分析,同时利用电感耦合等离子光谱仪测定了去离子水中浸出离子的浓度.结果表明:该系统玻璃的化学稳定性顺序为:耐酸性＜耐碱性＜耐水性.稀土氧化物的添加降低了玻璃侵蚀过程中的质量损失,减轻了玻璃的腐蚀程度和抑制了各组分的浸出量.Y2O3、Gd2O3和Nd2O3的添加使得该玻璃在去离子水中钠离子的浸出量从148.703 μg/cm2分别降低到43.751,63.984和138.828 μg/cm2.Nd2O3、Gd2O3和Y2O3掺杂对硼硅酸盐玻璃化学稳定性的改善作用顺序为Y2O3＞ Gd2O3＞ Nd2O3.     

碱性盐溶液蚀刻法制备新型多孔纳米减反增透玻璃

采用化学刻蚀法在钠钙硅平板玻璃表面制备具有减反增透性能的膜层.利用Na2 SiO3、EDTA二钠、AlCl3溶液对预处理后的玻璃表面进行化学刻蚀,使玻璃表面的化学键断裂,在玻璃表面形成疏松的纳米孔状结构,利用扫描电镜对刻蚀后玻璃表面和断面形貌进行观察,通过对玻璃表面空隙及断面膜层厚度的调控实现入射光在传递过程中产生相消干涉,获得减反增透效果.固定刻蚀液浓度和刻蚀时间,样品透过率随刻蚀温度的升高先增大后降低;固定刻蚀液浓度和刻蚀温度,样品透过率随刻蚀时间的增加先增大后降低.通过调节刻蚀液浓度,刻蚀时间和温度,可制备得到不同透过率和微观结构的减反射样品.使用EDS能谱和红外光谱对玻璃的刻蚀机理进行了研究和验证.在80℃实验条件下,经6h的溶液刻蚀后,在玻璃表面形成宽为20 ～ 30 nm,厚度为100 ～ 200 nm分布比较均匀的纳米孔状结构,玻璃的平均透过率达98.5％,比原始基片提高了8％,雾度由原来的0.20％增加到4.97％,蚀刻前后玻璃成分基本无变化,玻璃的光学性能得到了有效的提高.     

一种非离子型复合表面活性剂在碱性及酸性环境中的应用

以一种自制的非离子型复合表面活性剂为研究对象,主要研究了该复合剂碱性清洗体系的清洗性、漂洗性和稳定性以及测试其对酸性体系除油效率的影响情况。结果表明：该复合剂碱性清洗体系具有优异的清洗性、易漂洗、稳定性佳,除油率可达90%以上;在酸性溶液中,该复合剂能够有效提高有机酸、无机酸溶液的清洗效果,除油率均达到90%以上。因此,该非离子型复合剂与酸、碱互溶,不析出不分层且具有优异的乳化除油效果,能够应用于金属加工清洗的碱、酸性溶液中。     

多元ZrF4系玻璃的特性

本文叙述了多元氟化物玻璃的合成方法,得到了一系列多元ZrF_4系玻璃。用实验方法确定了三元系ZrF_4-BaF_2-LaF_3玻璃的成玻区域,测定了这些玻璃的紫外、可见、红外透过光谱,特征温度、折射率和比重。比较这些玻璃的特性发现,它们的红外、紫外截止波长没有显著的差别,而它们的特征温度、折射率和比重则随第四、五、六组分的加入呈下降和减小的趋势。玻璃的抗失透的能力也随之趋向增大。预计随着Tg和n的下降,玻璃的最小损耗也减小,这对于该玻璃用于超低损耗光通信光纤材料是有利的。     

用微波ECR等离子体增强磁控溅射沉积法在玻璃上镀膜

利用微波ECR等离子体增强磁控溅射沉积技术在玻璃表面制备了硅膜.研究了所得硅膜的表面形貌、附着力和化学稳定性及其红外-可见光谱特性.结果表明此法制备的硅膜均匀性好,附着力及化学稳定性高,对近红外波段有较低的透过率和较高的反射率.     

高价氧化物对掺铒碲酸盐玻璃光谱性质的影响

对比分析了相同铒离子低掺杂浓度下,Y2O3、GeO2、Nb2O5 WO3四种高价氧化物对碲锌玻璃系统光谱性质的影响.测试了四个样品的红外透过光谱,结果表明由于Nb2O5 、WO3二者引入的高价阳离子的极化作用使得二者部分的充当玻璃形成体的角色,使得玻璃的有效红外透过范围降低.同时吸收光谱也表明这两种高价氧化物会使得玻璃紫外吸收边发生明显红移.铒离子的近红外荧光光谱结果表明,引入高价氧化物会由于高价阳离子的极化作用导致铒离子的荧光半高宽增加,特别以含WO3的TZW样品具有最高的荧光半高宽达64nm.     

防眩玻璃制备工艺的研究

通过对玻璃侵蚀前后质量及光学性能变化的测试,系统地研究了在防眩玻璃的制备过程中,玻璃的腐蚀速率及其光学性能(包括透过率、反射率)等随侵蚀时间和温度等工艺条件变化的规律。研究结果表明,采用论文中选定的侵蚀液配方,效果最佳的防眩玻璃的制备工艺条件为20℃下侵蚀10 min。     

Water Corrosion Behavior of Fluoroaluminate Glass

The water corrosion behavior of a typical fluoroaluminate glass was studied in both plate and powder form. The infrared spectra of the corroded plate sample exhibited an overall transmittance decrease but little absorption at 3450 cm^–1. Transmittance in the visible region was substantially reduced with an increase of haziness. Microscopic observation revealed a uniform corrosion of the glass surface without any detectable cracks. Dissolution of the glass powder in water resulted in a slight pH increase of the solution. The leaching was congruent and the dynamic dissolution process monitored by solution conductivity followed a logarithmic correlation with time. The corrosion behavior was greatly different from that of fluoride glasses in other systems.     

Mechanical Relaxations in Mixed Alkali Silicate Glasses: II,Discussion*

The internal friction of mixed Li-Na, Li-K, Li-Rb, Li-Cs, Na-K, Na-Rb, Na-Cs, and K-Rb silicate glasses is interpreted on the basis of the various explanations proposed for the mixed alkali effect. A direct correlation was found between the mechanical loss peak due to the stress-induced movement of the alkali ions, i.e. the alkali peak, and the electrical loss properties. The large mechanical loss peak appearing when the alkalis are mixed was attributed to an interaction between dissimilar alkali ions such that an elastic dipole is formed. The absence of a comparable electrical loss peak was interpreted as indicating that the elastic dipole is electrically inactive. In glasses containing equimolar quantities of two alkalis, the activation energy and height of the new loss peak, i.e. the mixed peak, were more closely related to the size difference than to the mass difference of the alkali ions.     

汉麻粉的防晒性能研究

分别采用球磨、酸和碱对汉麻粉进行处理。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、紫外可见分光光度计和SPF测试仪对汉麻粉的结构、表观形态及其防晒性能进行表征。实验结果表明:在全波段范围内,单一依赖汉麻粉质量分数的增加,对提高样品紫外吸收性能是非常有限的;球磨破碎法处理时间对吸光度影响不大;对比不同种类酸处理以及未做任何处理的结果,醋酸对吸光度的提高最大;对比不同种类碱处理以及未做任何处理的结果,三乙醇胺对吸光度的提高最大,并且其对吸光度的提高大于醋酸;经酸、碱处理后,汉麻粉红外吸收峰的强度有所下降,汉麻粉本身的不规则片状结构并未发生改变;对比不同处理方法的汉麻粉的SPF值,碱处理的SPF值最高。     

TiO2对铝硼硅酸盐玻璃结构和性能的影响

采用熔融法制备不同TiO2含量的RO(包括CaO、MgO)-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3系玻璃。利用红外光谱技术研究TiO2对玻璃结构的影响,分别探讨了玻璃密度、化学稳定性和介电性能的变化规律。结果表明:少量TiO2的加入能够增大玻璃结构聚合度,过多的TiO2将使玻璃结构变得相对疏松;随着TiO2含量的增加,介电常数和介电损耗在1MHz频率下先减小后增大,玻璃析晶倾向和密度呈现增大的趋势,耐酸和耐碱失重比呈现先减小后增大的变化。     

La^3＋掺杂无碱铝硼硅酸盐玻璃性能的研究

以La2O3-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2玻璃系统为基础玻璃,用SiO2替代B2O3,通过DTA、IR等测试手段来研究其介电性能、热稳定性、化学稳定性及结构的变化。玻璃红外光谱分析表明,该系统玻璃结构与未掺La2O3玻璃的结构相同;玻璃的DTA曲线表明,随着SiO2替代B2O3含量的增加,玻璃的软化点增高,析晶温度升高,玻璃的热稳定性得到增强;同时随着替代量的增加,玻璃的耐酸耐碱性也得到提高;介电常数及介电损耗在SiO2/B2O3=2.7时出现极小值。     

Corrosion behavior and strength degradation of Ti3SiC2 exposed to a eutectic K2CO3 and Li2CO3 mixture

The corrosion of polycrystalline Ti₃SiC₂ was studied in the eutectic Li₂CO₃ (68 at.%) and K₂CO₃ (32 at.%) mixture at 650–850 °C. Ti₃SiC₂ exhibited better corrosion resistance at 650 °C. However, the mass loss was fast when temperature was above 700 °C. It was demonstrated that the surface chemical reaction-controlled shrinking core model could be applied to describe the relationship between the degree of the corrosion and reaction time for the corrosion of Ti₃SiC₂ in the 700–850 °C temperature range. The corresponding apparent activation energy was 206 kJ/mol. Corrosion resulted in roughness of specimen surface. The fracture strength of the corroded samples was evaluated by a three-point bending test. The results showed that the degradation of the fracture strength was about 25% of the original values for the corroded specimens up to 10% weight loss. The mechanism of the strength degradation was discussed based on the analysis of the microstructure and composition of the corroded sample.     

刚性光纤元件芯皮玻璃的酸溶性

五个系统玻璃试样置于不同酸溶液中浸泡不同时间,然后测量其浸泡前后厚度、重量及分光光谱透过率。结果表明:玻璃的酸溶性与时间、温度和酸浓度以及玻璃的组成有关;碱硼硅酸盐和铅硅酸盐玻璃在酸或碱溶液中浸泡后几乎无变化,适于作微通道板和凹陷面板皮玻璃;镧硼硅酸盐、镧钡硼硅酸盐和镧钡硼酸盐玻璃在酸溶液中有不同程度的重量损失。只要选用合适的酸溶液配方,就能设计出相应的微通道板和凹陷面板芯玻璃。     

Kinetic study of the corrosion of silicon nitride materials in acids

The leaching behaviour of gas-pressure-sintered silicon nitride materials with different yttria, alumina and silica contents in 1N sulfuric acid at 60–101 °C was studied. The progress of corrosion was investigated in terms of mass loss and thickness of the corroded layer. Dependencies affecting the progression of the corrosive attack, such as the SiO₂ content of the grain boundary phase and the size distribution of the triple junctions, were described. The influence of temperature on the individual stages of the entire process was investigated. First attempts at modelling the complex corrosion behaviour were made. To simplify the mathematical modelling, plates (16 × 16 × 2.5 mm) fulfilling conditions allowing them to be considered as one-dimensional were chosen. Activation energies were calculated for the pure dissolution of the grain boundary phase from mass loss data and from the thickness of the corroded layer. Known solid state reaction models and corrosion models show only a limited ability to describe the investigated system.     

Optic properties of niobium-phosphate glasses containing lithium,sodium, and potassium oxides

The dependence of the optic properties of niobium-phosphate glasses containing alkali metal oxides on their composition and structural features is investigated. Along with the increase of the niobium oxide content, a shift of the optic absorption boundary to the long-wavelength range and a substantial increase of the refraction index (from 1.50 to 1.73) are observed. The increase of the alkali metal mass results in the decrease of the refraction index and a shift to the short-wavelength range. The correlation between the length of polyphosphate groups and the type of alkali oxide is registered: the chain length increases from lithium to potassium.     

Polarization and Conduction Mechanism in Mixed-Alkali Glasses

Thermally stimulated polarization and depolarization current (TSPC/TSDC) measurements on mixed alkali (Li-Na) silicate glasses show two TSDC peaks along with a dc conduction current at high temperatures, similar to single-alkali silicate glasses. The activation energies for the two TSDC peaks and for dc conduction increase with the addition of a second alkali. The first TSDC peak does not change in size but the second becomes substantially smaller when the second alkali is added. The reduction in size of the second TSDC peak correlates well with the reduction in the dielectric loss hi mixed-alkali glasses. A model is proposed to account for the behavior of the two TSDC peaks.