鱼香肉丝挥发性风味成分的分离与鉴定

采用顶空固相微萃取(SPME)法和同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法提取鱼香肉丝中的挥发性风味成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发性风味成分进行分离鉴定。结果表明,经过GC-MS分析,共鉴定出93种挥发性成分,包括烃类20种、醛类20种、酮类7种、酸类2种、酯类9种、醇类16种、醚类2种、酚类5种、含硫含氮及其他杂环化合物12种。其中,醛类、酯类和含硫含氮及其他杂环化合物可能对"鱼香"风味的形成有着重要的影响。     

SDE-GC-MS分析柴沟堡熏肉挥发性风味成分

采用同时蒸馏萃取法(simultaneous distillation and extraction,SDE)提取柴沟堡"郭玺"熏肉的挥发性风味成分,结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(gas chromatogrophymass spectrometry,GC-MS)对其进行分析鉴定。结果共鉴定出82种挥发性成分,其中,烃类17种(相对质量分数8.728 3%),醛类23种(相对质量分数57.723 3%),醇类12种(相对质量分数4.042%),酮类10种(相对质量分数2.719 2%),酯类3种(相对质量分数1.947%),酚类9种(相对质量分数6.237 2%),醚类1种(相对质量分数2.406 4%),杂环化合物7种(相对质量分数2.814 1%)。其中,醛类、酚类、含硫含氮及杂环化合物对熏肉的风味可能有较为显著的影响。     

SPME和SAFE对比分析炸花椒油挥发性风味成分

采用固相微萃取(SPME)和溶剂辅助风味蒸发(SAFE)两种萃取方法结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对炸花椒油的挥发性风味成分进行分析。结果表明,共鉴定出103种挥发性化合物,包括烃类36种、醛类12种、酮类8种、醇类28种、酯类12种、醚类2种、杂环及其他类5种。SPME法和SAFE法萃取出的挥发性风味成分的差异主要体现在烃类、酯类和醚类化合物,SPME法中相对含量较高的酯类化合物和独有的醚类化合物使得其测定结果更接近炸花椒油的风味。     

ASE-SAFE和SDE-GC-MS分析贾永信腊牛肉的挥发性香气成分

采用加速溶剂萃取-溶剂辅助蒸发法和同时蒸馏萃取法提取贾永信腊牛肉的挥发性香气成分,结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其进行了分析研究。结果表明,共鉴定出82种挥发性香气成分,包括烃类6种、醛类20种、醇类10种、酮类11种、酚类4种、脂肪酸类16种、醚类3种、酯类1种、含硫含氮及杂环化合物11种。两种方法同时检测到的化合物有16种,包括己醛、庚醛、苯甲醛、壬醛、2-糠醇、芳樟醇、α-松油醇、(-)-4-松油烯醇、1-羟基-2-丙酮、乙偶姻、2,3-戊二酮、胡椒酮、丁香酚、桉叶油素、茴香脑和2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮。     

云南新鲜松露和干制松露挥发性风味成分的对比分析

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)法萃取云南新鲜采摘黑松露和真空冷冻干燥黑松露中的挥发性成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)和气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(GC-FPD)对挥发性成分和含硫物质进行鉴定。结果表明,新鲜黑松露和干制松露中分别鉴定出30种和83种挥发性风味物质,8种和19种含硫化合物。1-辛烯-3-醇、对甲酚甲醚、3-甲基丁醛、二烯丙基二硫醚和二甲基硫醚在新鲜松露中的含量较高;对甲酚甲醚、己酸、右旋柠檬烯、二甲基砜、烯丙基甲基三硫醚在干制松露中含量较高。气相色谱-嗅闻(GC-O)结合香气活力值(OAV)发现,新鲜松露中二烯丙基二硫醚、二甲基硫醚、1-辛烯-3-酮、3-甲基丁醛对香气贡献较大;干制松露中双(2-甲基-3-呋喃基)二硫醚、丙位壬内酯、己酸、1-辛烯-3-酮对伞花烃贡献较大。     

新疆馕包肉挥发性风味成分的分离与鉴定

为了研究新疆馕包肉中的挥发性风味成分,采用固相微萃取(SPME)法和同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法提取新疆馕包肉中的挥发性风味成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发性风味成分进行分离鉴定。结果表明,共鉴定出69种挥发性风味成分,包括烃类15种、醛类18种、醇类9种、酮类5种、酸类4种、酯类7种、杂环及其他化合物11种。用不同的提取方法得到的结果有所不同,SDE法提取到较多的烃类(19.68%)和醛类(23.7%),SPME法提取到了较多的烃类(14.48%)和醇类(11.34%)。     

HS-SPME结合GC-MS分析煎鸡蛋的挥发性风味成分

采用顶空固相微萃取与GC-MS联用方法对煎鸡蛋中挥发性成分进行提取与分析,考察萃取头、萃取温度和吸附时间对分析结果的影响,得到优化的顶空固相微萃取条件为:黑色萃取头(75μm Carboxen/PDMS),吸附温度75℃,吸附时间70 min。在优化的条件下分析,共鉴定出50种挥发性风味成分,其中,醛类16种(40.588%)、含氮化合物14种(23.639%)、醇类8种(7.156%)、烃类3种(4.800%)、酚类及杂环化合物3种(1.755%)、酮类3种(0.868%)及含硫化合物3种(0.563%)。鉴定出含量较高(相对质量分数大于2.5%)的物质有:2,5-二甲基吡嗪、3-甲基丁醛、2-甲基吡嗪、壬醛、苯甲醛、反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛、辛醛、2-甲基丁醛、反-2-癸烯醛、3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯、1-辛烯-3-醇。     

ASE-SAFE和SDE-GC-MS分析贾永信腊牛肉的风味成分

采用加速溶剂萃取-溶剂辅助蒸发和同时蒸馏萃取法提取贾永信腊牛肉的风味成分,结合气象色谱-质谱联用技术对其进行了分析研究。结果表明：共鉴定出84种挥发性风味成分,包括烃类6种,醛类21种,醇类10种,酮类11种,酚类4种,脂肪酸类16种,醚类3种,酯类1种,杂环化合物12种。通过不同溶剂的萃取,同时检测到的化合物有16种,包括己醛、庚醛、苯甲醛、壬醛、2-糠醇、芳樟醇、α-松油醇、(-)-4-萜品醇、1-羟基-2-丙酮、乙偶姻、2,3-戊二酮、薄荷酮、丁香酚、桉叶油素、茴香脑和2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮。     

SPME-GC-MS和SDE-GC-MS分析无锡酱排骨的挥发性风味成分

采用固相微萃取(SPME)法和同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法与气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术提取分析无锡酱排骨的挥发性风味成分。共鉴定出76种挥发性风味化合物,其中烃类6种、醛类19种、酮类7种、醇类9种、酚类4种、醚类2种、酸类4种、酯类7种、杂环类化合物18种。两种提取方法共同检测到的化合物有23种,包括D-柠檬烯、己醛、壬醛、糠醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醛、十六醛、2-庚酮、羟基丙酮、2-壬酮、芳樟醇、糠醇、邻甲氧基苯酚、苯乙醇、丁香酚、对烯丙基茴香醚、茴香脑、2-戊基呋喃、甲基吡嗪、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2,6-二甲基吡嗪、5-甲基呋喃醛、2-乙酰基吡咯。     

鸡肉及其酶解液挥发性风味成分的对比分析

为了研究酶解对鸡肉挥发性风味成分的影响,采用SPME法提取鸡肉及其酶解液中的挥发性风味成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分离鉴定。结果显示:鸡肉酶解液共鉴定出63种挥发性风味成分,包括醛类19种、醇类7种、酸类2种、酮类6种、酯类2种、醚类2种、酚类3种、烃类8种、杂环化合物14种。水煮鸡肉的挥发性风味成分共19种,包括醛类11种、醇类3种、酮类1种、酯类1种、烃类2种、杂环化合物1种。两者共同鉴定出的物质有:己醛、辛醛、壬醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醛、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、对甲氧基苯甲醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、右旋萜二烯。     

Intensification of phenolic extraction from yellow European plums by use of conventional,microwave-, and ultrasound-assisted extraction

ABSTRACT

In this study, microwave and ultrasound extraction were selected as process intensification tools to intensify the conventional heat reflux extraction process. Process efficiency was evaluated based on total phenolic content (ascorbic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and chlorogenic acid), scavenging ability of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric (Fe³⁺) free radicals, and process intensification principles and domains. Highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity were achieved using microwave extraction followed by heat reflux and ultrasound extraction. Microwave extraction was selected via decision matrix as a suitable process intensification approach based on results and its ability to satisfy process intensification principles.     

Extraction Properties of P(O)-Modified N-Aryl-Carbamoylmethylphosphine Oxides in Nitric Acid Media

Novel polyfunctional neutral organophosphorus compounds, P(O)-modified N-aryl- carbamoylmethylphosphine oxides, Ph₂P(O)CH₂C(O)NH-(o-C₆H₄)(CH₂)_n-P(O)Ph₂ and Ph₂P(O)CH₂C(O)NH-(m-C₆H₄)(CH₂)_n-P(O)Ph₂ (n = 1,2), were synthesized and studied as extractants for U(VI), Th(IV) and Ln(III) from HNO₃ solutions. The influence of aqueous and organic phases on the extraction efficiency was elucidated and stoichiometry of the complexes extracted was determined. Introduction of an additional phosphoryl group into the phenyl substitutent at the nitrogen atom of diphenyl(N-phenylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphine oxide resulted in an increase of the efficiency of U(VI), Th(IV), Ln(III), and Re(VII) extraction.     

Dodecylhydroxydiphosphonic Acid for Solvent Extraction

Abstract

The extraction behavior of Zn(II) and Cu(II) in acetate media has been investigated using dodecylhydroxydiphosphonic acid, DHDPA, which was previously synthesized and characterized. The extraction of both cations was carried out in different media with the addition of CH₃COOH, HCl or H₂SO₄ at different pH. The maximum extraction yield of 80% for zinc, was obtained in one step after the addition of sulfuric acid at pH_i=5.5 and for copper after the addition of 10 mg of sodium acetate. The authors plan additional tests using polar solvents.     

叔胺萃取分离钴(II)、铁(II)

研究了不必预先氧化二价铁,直接用叔胺从氯化物溶液中萃取分离钴(II)、铁(II)的新方法. 考察了不同改性剂对叔胺萃取钴(II)、铁(II)的影响以及各种因素对钴(II)、铁(II)萃取、洗涤及反萃的影响. 提出了用叔胺萃取分离钴(II)、铁(II)的最佳工艺参数.     

废水中微量三氯乙烯含量的测量

用适量的二氯甲烷提取出废水中的微量三氯乙烯(TCE),然后对萃取液进行气相色谱分析,得出萃取液中三氯乙烯的含量,换算出废水中的三氯乙烯含量。此方法的检测下限为0.5 mg/L。     

Microscale recovery of total lipids from fish tissue by accelerated solvent extraction

A number of techniques are available for the extraction of lipids from a variety of tissues; however, conventional methods are characteristically labor intensive, typically involve large volumes of toxic solvents, and usually require at least 1 g of tissue. With the availability of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology, the opportunity exists to modify classical lipid extraction techniques such that automated high-pressure, high-temperature extractions may be performed with the use of far smaller volumes of costly and harmsul solvents. Moreover, the high extraction efficiency attainable by ASE suggests that significantly less tissue would be required than is routinely used. This paper describes the adaptation of previously developed lipid extraction solvent systems for use with ASE toward the purpose of extracting total lipids from 100 mg of fish tissue. The efficacy of three solvent systems for lipid extraction from representative fish tissues, including a standard reference material, was explored using gravimetry and FA analysis by GC. A TG was used as a surrogate to monitor overall method performance. The findings herein demonstrate that microscale ASE represents an effective and efficient alternative to traditional lipid extraction techniques based on quantity and composition of extracted lipid, surrogate recovery, and precision.     

硝酸体系中Cyanex923萃取La(Ⅲ)性能研究

研究了硝酸体系中中性萃取剂Cyanex923(三烷基氧膦混合物)对轻稀土元素La(Ⅲ)的萃取性能.考察了金属离子、Cyanex923及硝酸根的浓度对La(Ⅲ)萃取的影响,由斜率分析法确定了反应机理,得出萃取平衡方程.探讨了温度对Cyanex923萃取La(Ⅲ)的影响,由Van't Hoff方程计算出温度范围在298～3...     

Solvent extraction of silver(I) from nitrate media using thiourea derivatives

Liquid–liquid extraction of Ag(I) from nitrate solutions using N‐(N′,N′‐diethyl thiocarbamoyl)‐N″‐phenylbenzamidine (TCBA) and 1‐6,‐diethylcarbamoyl imino‐1,6‐diphenyl‐2,5 dithiahexane (TCTH) dissolved in cumene has been studied. The extraction of Ag(I) from 1 mol dm⁻³ NO₃⁻ solutions by TCTH and TCBA was investigated as a function of several variables: equilibration time, organic phase diluent, pH of aqueous phase, Ag(I) and NO₃⁻ concentration in aqueous phase as well as TCBA and TCTH concentrations. Experimental equilibrium data were analysed numerically using the programs LETAGROP‐DISTR and LETAPL and the results showed that Ag(I) extraction could be explained assuming the formation of AgL and AgNO₃HL with TCBA (HL) and AgNO₃S with TCTH (S). The metal extraction was not influenced significantly by the structures of the thiourea derivatives used as extractants. The back extraction of Ag(I) from loaded organic phase was performed using different strippants and 0.5 mol dm⁻³ NaSCN was found to be efficient for this purpose. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

N-癸酰吗啡啉(DMPHL)萃取苯酚水溶液

通过吗啡啉与癸酰氯反应生成了酰胺类萃取剂N-癸酰吗啡啉(DMPHL),并用苯为稀释剂考察DMPHL萃取苯酚的性能。研究了萃取剂浓度、苯酚浓度、酸度和温度对萃取苯酚的影响,计算出萃取反应的平衡常数以及有关的热力学函数,实验结果表明,DMPHL对于苯酚有良好的萃取性能。     

络合萃取法处理对硝基苯酚生产废水

采用络合萃取法,以ＴＯＡ为萃取剂、煤油为稀释剂处理对硝基苯酚生产废水。当萃取剂浓度为７－５％（ 油相） 、相比１∶１－５、萃取时间２０ ｍｉｎ 时,废水经一级萃取硝基苯酚去除率达９９－０％ ,ＣＯＤ去除率达９４－０％ 。萃取所得络合相经ＮａＯＨ解络后,上层油相为萃取剂可循环使用,下层为浓缩的对硝基苯酚,可回收利用。