A novel cyclic copolymer containing Si/P/N used as flame retardant and water repellent agent on cotton fabrics

A novel cyclic-shaped multifunctional copolymer named poly[tetra(tetramethylcyclosiloxyl-piperazin)-phosphinic acid methyl ether] (PNCTSi) was successfully synthesized. Its flame-retardant and hydrophobicity properties on cotton fabrics were investigated. The limited oxygen index (LOI) value of treated cotton fabrics with PNCTSi was up to 29.8%. By vertical burning test, it was found that the treated cotton fabrics have no after-flame and no after-glow. Apparently, more amounts of char were generated and hazardous volatiles distinctly reduce after combustion by thermogravimetric analysis. Besides, Treated cotton fabrics with PNCTSi can give a hydrophobic property, which reach a contact angle of 150°. The surface morphology of treated cotton fabric before and after combustion was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, after burned, the surface morphology of cotton fiber exhibited more smooth and expanded feature. After washing the cotton fabric for 20 times, the LOI remains at above of 26.0%. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47280.     

Sonochemical deposition of silver nanoparticles on linear low density polyethylene/cyclo olefin copolymer blend films

Silver nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of an extruded film of linear low density polyethylene/cyclo olefin copolymer (LLDPE/COC) blend by an ultrasound-assisted method. A series of LLDPE/COC/silver nanocomposites, containing 0.02, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1 mol/L of AgNO₃ were prepared and characterized. The effect of ultrasound method on the silver deposition on the film surface was characterized as well as the effect of silver nanoparticles on their fungicidal characteristics. The silver action and biocide effect of the films were enhanced significantly as the silver content increased from 0.02 to 0.08 mol/L of AgNO₃ and after that no significant enhancement was observed. From the UV–Vis analysis and transmission electron microscopic observations, the particle shape, size and size distribution were determined. Films of LLDPE/COC blends with silver deposition exhibited a noticeable increase in water vapor barrier properties with the increase in the concentration of AgNO₃ and demonstrated good fungicidal activity, specifically against fungus Aspergillius niger. The observed results could be applied in the design of industrial films for packaging.     

Fabrication and characteristics of graphene‐reinforced silver nanowire/polybenzoxazine/epoxy copolymer composite thin films

In this study, composite thin films were fabricated by mixing one‐dimensional silver nanowires (AgNWs) with graphene, polybenzoxazine (PBZ) and epoxy. Their electrical and thermal properties under different environmental conditions were investigated. The AgNWs were prepared by a polyol reduction method using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone as a soft template to reduce silver ions. High aspect ratio AgNWs were then mixed into polymer matrices to allow them to form electrical and thermal conductive paths. Next, a trace amount of graphene was added into the nanocomposites in order to enhance their electrical and thermal properties. The results showed that the addition of graphene and AgNWs improved the threshold leakage current, and a 33% increase in thermal diffusivity was observed. The water resistance and gas barrier properties of PBZ and graphene effectively improved the thermal oxidation stability, and a 200% increase in electrical conductivity was achieved after 120 h of thermal oxidation treatment. A considerable difference was observed between the moduli of epoxy and PBZ. Hardness and phase analyses using atomic force microscopy showed that material modulus mismatch occurred across the interface between the materials, triggering phonon scattering. However, the increase in thermal conductivity was not significant for either material. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Fabrication and properties of keratoses/polyvinyl alcohol blend films

Polymer Bulletin - Blend films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and keratoses (KOx) were prepared using water as a common solvent. Aqueous solution of KOx from wool was extracted via oxidation using...     

Fabrication and properties of solution‐cast polyaniline/carboxymethylchitin blend films

Blend films consisting of polyaniline in emeraldine base form (PANI EB) dispersed in partially cross‐linked carboxymethylchitin (CM‐chitin) were prepared by solution casting, and characterized for their physical, thermal, and electrical properties. Homogeneous and mechanically robust blend films were obtained having PANI EB contents up to 50 wt % in the CM‐chitin matrix. FTIR spectra confirm intimate mixing of the two blend components. The thermal stability of the blend films increased with increase of PANI EB content, suggesting the formation of an intermolecular interaction, such as hydrogen bonding, between PANI EB and CM‐chitin chains. The addition of PANI EB into the pure CM‐chitin film resulted in a decrease in electrical conductivity of the films owing to disruption of ionic conduction of the CM‐chitin structure. After doping the blend films by immersion in HCl solution, the electrical conductivity of the HCl‐doped films increased with increase of the PANI EB content to a maximum value of the order of 10^?3 S/cm at 50 wt % PANI EB content. The electrical conductivity of the blend films was also dependent on the HCl concentration as well as on the type of acid dopant. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

High-throughput preparation of complex multi-scale patterns from block copolymer/homopolymer blend films

A simple, straightforward process for fabricating multi-scale micro- and nanostructured patterns from polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) homopolymer in a preferential solvent for PS and PMMA is demonstrated. When the PS-b-P2VP/PMMA blend films were spin-coated onto a silicon wafer, PS-b-P2VP micellar arrays consisting of a PS corona and a P2VP core were formed, while the PMMA macrodomains were isolated, due to the macrophase separation caused by the incompatibility between block copolymer micelles and PMMA homopolymer during the spin-coating process. With an increase of PMMA composition, the size of PMMA macrodomains increased. Moreover, the P2VP blocks have a strong interaction with a native oxide of the surface of the silicon wafer, so that the P2VP wetting layer was first formed during spin-coating, and PS nanoclusters were observed on the PMMA macrodomains beneath. Whereas when a silicon surface was modified with a PS brush layer, the PS nanoclusters underlying PMMA domains were not formed. The multi-scale patterns prepared from copolymer micelle/homopolymer blend films are used as templates for the fabrication of gold nanoparticle arrays by incorporating the gold precursor into the P2VP chains. The combination of nanostructures prepared from block copolymer micellar arrays and macrostructures induced by incompatibility between the copolymer and the homopolymer leads to the formation of complex, multi-scale surface patterns by a simple casting process.     

Effect of solvent evaporation rate on surface composition in fluoro‐copolymer/acrylate‐copolymer blend films

The relationship between the surface composition and the rate of solvent evaporation (R) in blend films of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoroacetone) (P(VDF‐HFA)) and poly(2‐ethylhexyl acrylate‐co‐acrylic acid‐co‐vinyl acetate) (P(2EHA‐AA‐VAc)) has been investigated. P(VDF‐HFA), a low‐surface tension component, was concentrated on the surface when R was relatively high. In contrast, when R was relatively low, P(2EHA‐AA‐VAc), a low‐density component, was concentrated on the surface. Therefore, it is speculated that the factors dominating surface enrichment in polymer blends were changed from surface tension differences to density differences between the components when R was decreased. In addition, the affinity between components and substrate strongly affects the dominant factors determining the surface composition. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Novel water and oil repellent POSS-based organic/inorganic nanomaterial: Preparation, characterization and application to cotton fabrics

A series of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) based hybrid terpolymers P(POSS-MMA-(HFPO)₃MA) were synthesized and characterized by NMR, FT-IR, GPC, DSC and TG. The thermal properties of these terpolymers were improved by the introduction of POSS cage. The cotton fabrics coated with these terpolymers possessed excellent water and oil repellency. The water and salad oil contact angle could be achieved from ∼140° to 152° and from ∼127° to 144° respectively as the content of POSS in the terpolymer increased from 6.4 wt% to 13.4 wt%. Compared with P(MMA-(HFPO)₃MA) copolymer-coated cotton fabrics, POSS-based terpolymer coated cotton fabrics showed better oil repellency with a tendency of first increasing and then decreasing with an increase of the POSS content. The n-hexadecane (surface tension: 27.4 mN/m, 20 °C) contact angle reached ∼117° for coated cotton fabrics with terpolymer containing 9.5 wt% of POSS.     

Oxygen barrier properties of polyketone/EVOH blend films and their resistance to moisture

Polyketone (PK) has excellent chemical and mechanical properties, but its use in food packaging is limited due to its oxygen barrier properties being insufficient for high-barrier film applications. To improve its oxygen barrier properties, PK has been blended with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), which is one of the highest oxygen barrier polymers in use today. The oxygen barrier properties under both dry and humid conditions, as well as the mechanical properties of PK/EVOH blend films were investigated in this study. These novel PK/EVOH blend films exhibited unusually low oxygen permeability values from 0.3 to 0.16 cc 20 μm m⁻² day⁻¹ atm⁻¹ with increasing EVOH content from 30 to 70 wt%, which are even lower than those of the ideal laminar model that expresses the theoretical minimum permeability values attainable for blended barrier films. These high oxygen barrier properties of PK/EVOH blend films can conceivably be attributed to the combination of two dominant effects: a tortuous diffusion path through the EVOH domains in the PK matrix and hydrogen bonding interactions between PK and EVOH. Furthermore, in high-humidity environments with retorting, the PK/EVOH blend films exhibited superior resistance to moisture over EVOH. Immediately after the retorting test, the oxygen permeability of the high-barrier PK/EVOH blend films with an EVOH content of 30–40 wt% increased by less than 3× the pre-retorting value, as opposed to 74× for EVOH. In addition, PK/EVOH blend films displayed superior stretching characteristics, with a breaking strain of over 300%, which are valuable for flexible packaging applications.     

Fabrication and characterization of PLA/PP/ABS ternary blend

In this study, we fabricated and studied properties of ternary polymer blends containing polylactic acid (PLA), polypropylene (PP), and acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS). The melt rheology experiments showed that the present combination (PLA/PP/ABS) exhibited a melt process‐ability, which is comparable to those of individual components. The ternary blends prepared in this work can be exploited to fabricate hierarchically porous PLA materials for biomedical applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:2273–2278, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Fabrication of arrays of silver nanoparticle aggregates by microcontact printing and block copolymer nanoreactors

A combination of microcontact printing and block copolymer nanoreactors succeeded in fabricating arrays of silver nanoparticle aggregates. A complex solution of polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) micelles and silver salt was used as an ink to form thin films or droplets on polydimethylsiloxane stamp protrusions. After these complex aggregates were printed onto silicon substrates under controlled conditions, highly ordered arrays of disklike, dishlike, and dotlike complex aggregates were obtained. A subsequent oxygen reactive ion etching treatment yielded arrays of silver nanoparticle aggregates. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2737–2743, 2006     

Development of chitosan/Spirulina bio‐blend films and its biosorption potential for dyes

Chitosan/Spirulina bio‐blends (CSBB) in films form were developed to be an alternative/renewable biosorbent, able to remove anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. CSBB potential as biosorbent was investigated for cationic dye Methylene Blue (MB), and anionic dyes Tartrazine Yellow (TY) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5). Chitosan and Spirulina samples were obtained and characterized, and CSBB films were prepared with different chitosan/Spirulina ratios. The CSBB films characteristics, as, mechanical properties, thermal profile, crystallinity, functional groups, morphology, and biosorption potential were strongly dependent of chitosan/Spirulina ratio. CSBB films preserved its mechanical structures at pH from 4.0 to 8.0. The biosorption capacities were 120, 110, and 100 mg g^?1 for RB5, TY, and MB, respectively. The increase of chitosan amount favored the TY and RB5 biosorption; however, the increase of Spirulina amount favored the MB biosorption. Thus, the CSBB in film form is a renewable biosorbent suitable to remove anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44580.     

Ultradrawing of blend films of ethylene-dimethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate copolymer and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene prepared by gelation/crystallization from solutions

Copolymer ethylene-dimethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate (EDAM) with 3.9% DAM side groups and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were blended in decalin solvent. The hot homogenized solution was poured into an aluminum tray to form gels and the decalin was allowed to evaporate from the resultant gels under ambient condition. Surprisingly, the resultant dry blend films could be elongated to more than 200-fold (λ=200) even for the blend film with 90% EDAM content (9/1 composition), although the maximum draw ratio of EDAM homopolymer films was 1.6-fold (λ=1.6). The mechanism of the great drawability was dependent upon the content of EDAM. The drawability for the 9/1 composite films was attributed to large crystal lamellae of UHMWPE ensuring crystal transition from a folded to a fibrous type. Accordingly, EDAM chains were independent of ultradrawing of UHMWPE and kept a random orientation under ultra-drawing process. The storage (Young's) modulus was 10 GPa at 20 °C. In contrast, EDAM chains within the 1/1 composite films were oriented drastically together with UHMWPE crystallites. The modulus of the 1/1 composition at 20 °C reached 68 GPa, which was higher than the value (40 GPa) of polypropylene films with λ=100. Such considerable difference of modulus due to EDAM content was analyzed in relation to the gelation/crystallization from solutions.     

壳聚糖/玉米醇溶蛋白共混膜液体系的流变特性与共混膜的热特性分析

摘 要：将壳聚糖与玉米醇溶蛋白按不同质量比共混得到系列共混膜液 (C/Z-0、C/Z-1、C/Z-3、C/Z-5)并通过溶液浇铸制得相应共混膜。通过旋转流变仪、SEM及DSC分析不同质量比对共混膜液体系的流变特性、共混膜的微观结构及共混膜热特性的影响。结果表明：不同质量比的共混膜液均具有假塑性，且随着玉米醇溶蛋白质量分数的增加，膜液的稠度系数减小，流动指数增大，流动指数从0.849增加到0.882，共混膜液的活化能均逐渐升高。动态频率扫描流变学分析表明，储能模量和损耗模量均表现出对频率的依赖性，且随着玉米醇溶蛋白质量分数的增加，两者数值均上升，此外交叉点向低频方向移动，表明分子间氢键作用力增强。C/Z-1共混膜中壳聚糖与玉米醇溶蛋白的分子结合紧密，相容性好，这也导致了共混膜热稳定性的提高。     

Fabrication of ultraviolet/thermal-sensitive PMMA/PDMS wrinkle structures and the demonstration as smart optical diffusers

Although smart optical diffusers have received increasing attention for the next generation of flexible optoelectronics, the exploration and fabrication of low-cost ultraviolet/thermal-sensitive optical diffusers are still challenging. In this study, we used a cost-effective method to fabricate flexible PMMA/PDMS wrinkle structures, demonstrating their applicability as tunable ultraviolet/thermal-sensitive optical diffusers. As the temperature gradually increased, the wrinkle wavelength changed slightly while the amplitude decreased. The wrinkle wavelength remained unchanged after UV light exposure, while the wrinkle amplitude decreased with the illumination time. When the fabricated structures were used as optical diffusers, the number of light diffraction pattern rings decreased with the wavelength of the wrinkle structures. Optical diffusers with different wrinkle patterns and the same aspect ratio exhibited different diffusing properties. The number of apertures and the coverage area of the diffused spot gradually decreased when the optical diffuser structure was exposed to heating. Remarkably, the optical diffusers could recover to their original state quickly after cooling. The number of apertures and the coverage area of the diffused spot gradually decreased with UV irradiation time. The prepared PMMA/PDMS wrinkle structures exhibit great potential for intelligent displays, wise medical systems, and other smart devices.     

Alkaline dyeing of polyester and polyester/cotton blend fabrics using sodium edetate

An alkaline dyeing of polyester with an alkali‐stable disperse dye, Dianix® Scarlet AD‐RG, was developed using sodium edetate as an alkaline buffering agent. The results obtained indicate the suitability of using sodium edetate for alkaline dyeing of polyester when compared with the control alkaline dyeing using Dianix AD system. Selected mono and bifunctional reactive dyes were used in combination with the alkali‐stable disperse dye for dyeing of polyester/cotton blend. Different dyeing methods for cotton and polyester/cotton blend fabrics using sodium edetate were evaluated in comparison with their respective control alkaline dyeing methods. The results of using sodium edetate in one‐bath two‐stage and two‐bath dyeing of polyester/cotton blend were comparable with that of the control dyeing method. Particularly, no change in the leveling and fastness properties was evaluated for all samples irrespective of the dyeing method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Biodegradable blend films based on two polysaccharide derivatives and their use as ibuprofen‐releasing matrices

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FTIR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and viscosity methods were used to examine the miscibility, interaction, and degradability of cationic guar gum (GG) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) in their blend films. The experiment results prove that there exist electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between GG and NaCMC. Blend films degrade quicker than pure GG or NaCMC film. Furthermore, the degradation rate of blend films is related to the interactions between GG and NaCMC. Based on the research of blend films as the drug carriers for Ibuprofen, it is found that the blend composition, initial drug concentration, and pH value affect the drug release and the GG/NaCMC blend films have good sustained release performance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3553–3559, 2007     

Characterization of minocycline loaded chitosan/polyethylene glycol/glycerol blend films as antibacterial wound dressings

Wound care has been a challenging subject for medical teams and researchers. Bacterial infections are one of the most serious complications in injured skins that often affect healing process. Antibacterial wound dressings can be used to facilitate wound healing process. The purpose of this study is to fabricate chitosan (Chito)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibacterial wound dressing doped with minocycline, and to evaluate the influence of composition ratio on the blending properties of the films. To improve the mechanical properties of these films, we examined various amounts of glycerol as a plasticizer. Moreover, we investigated morphological and mechanical aspects, water uptake, degradation, water vapor transmission and wettability properties of the films prepared with various ratios of Chito/PEG/Gly. Assessment of mechanical properties revealed that film containing 80:20 ratio Chito/PEG with 40 PHR Gly content exhibits the highest ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break (9.74 MPa and 45.73% respectively). Furthermore, results demonstrated that upon increasing PEG and Gly contents, degradability and hydrophilicity of the films increased whereas water uptake decreased. Water vapor transmission rate of the films was close to the range of 530–1200 g/m²d, indicating that the as formed films are possible candidates for dressing low exudate wounds or burns. Minocycline loaded films exhibited a biphasic drug release profile and it was more effective on gram-positive bacteria than on gram-negative bacteria. The polymeric film with the highest amount of loaded drug (2%) exhibited insignificant cytotoxicity (88%) against normal fibroblast cell line.     

木质素磺酸钠与PVA共混薄膜的制备与表征

以木质素磺酸钠(LS)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为主要原料,添加适量硼砂、明胶在水溶液中溶解共混,流延成膜.通过单因素和正交实验优选了LS/PVA共混膜制备的条件,对共混膜进行了耐水性、形貌、红外、热重、X射线衍射及差示扫描量热分析.结果表明:影响共混膜性能的主要因素有LS含量、硼砂含量以及反应时间,当硼砂含量为2.0%时,...