超欧姆型热库环境下互感效应对磁通量子比特退相干的影响

在二能级近似下运用Bloch-Redfield方程,研究了超导量子电路中的磁通量子比特退相干在超欧姆热库环境下受互感效应的影响。研究结果表明：（1）在超欧姆热库环境下,提高环境指标系数有利于延长超导磁通量子比特的退相干时间;（2）构建超欧姆型热库环境可以改进固态量子比特的退相干;（3）电感元件间的互感耦合对量子电路系统退相干的影响是比较复杂的,调控好电感元件间的互感耦合有利于提高退相干时间。     

Path integral approach to dissipation in solid-state qubits

We provide a full numerical characterization of non-Markovian quantum decoherence for a two-level (qubit) system coupled to a tailorable reservoir by studying the influence of different factors, such as system–reservoir coupling and temperature. The necessity of a decoherence analysis from short to long time ranges and for a large set of parameters are fundamental requirements for quantum information processing in order to produce a controlled conditional quantum dynamics. We show how the Feynman–Vernon influence functional technique can be used in order to obtain a numerical algorithm that enables a full characterization of non-Markovian processes. This analysis paves the way for modeling the prevention and control of decoherence in solid-state systems with ultrafast dynamics and strong environmental coupling.     

三能级原子同时存在辐射和吸收时的量子相干性

量子位和环境的相互作用,将引起量子位能量耗散或相对位相改变,最终导致量子位由相干叠加态退化为混合态或纯态,这种现象被称为量子消相干.针对三能级原子同时存在辐射和吸收时的情况,基于量子力学和Kraus算子理论,利用约化密度矩阵方法,分析了三能级原子密度矩阵元的演化规律,从而研究该系统的量子相干特性.结果表明:初态处于相干叠加态的三能级原子,由于辐射和吸收,可能演化成相干叠加态、未完全混合态、完全混合态、纯态.     

Materials Origins of Decoherence in Superconducting Qubits

Superconducting integrated circuits incorporating Josephson junctions are an attractive candidate for scalable quantum information processing in the solid state. The strong nonlinearity of the Josephson effect enables one to tailor an anharmonic potential and thus to realize an artificial quantum two-level system (“qubit”) from a macroscopic superconducting circuit. Josephson qubits can be made to interact strongly and controllably, and it should be straightforward to fabricate circuits incorporating hundreds or even thousands of Josephson qubits using standard thin-film processing techniques. Work over the last several years has shown that qubit performance is limited by spurious coupling of the qubit to microscopic defect states in the materials that are used to implement the circuit. Here we discuss the materials origins of dissipation and dephasing in superconducting qubits. A deeper understanding of the underlying materials physics that governs decoherence in superconducting quantum circuits will guide the search for improved, low-noise materials and fuel continued progress in the field of superconducting quantum computing.      

克服腔QED中比特反转错误的无退相干子空间量子计算

提出了一种抑制集体比特反转错误的无退相干子空间量子计算方案。该方案基于腔电动力学系统,用囚禁于腔中的两个相邻原子编码一个逻辑比特的编码方案,构造出不受比特反转错误影响的四维无退相干子空间。并通过调节外加光场和与腔的耦合,在此无退相干子空间中实现了两个非对易的单比特操作和控制相位门,从而实现了克服集体比特反转错误的通用量子计算。     

利用量子比特间交换衰减实现无退纠缠的量子信息传输

在量子信息传输过程中,环境的作用会导致退相干与退纠缠。利用不同类型量子比特的优点,构成杂化量子比特系统是克服退相干效应,实现量子信息传输的一个有效方案。本文指出：将耦合量子比特之间信息交换过程中存在的能量损耗(量子比特间的交换衰减),与外部环境的退相干效应有机的结合起来,可以实现无退纠缠效应的量子信息传输。给出了实现无退纠缠效应信息传输,交换衰减率与退相干时间匹配的约束关系。     

Programmable quantum logic gates using teleportation with non-maximally entangled states

A scheme is proposed for involving programmable quantum logic gates via teleportation,which is a unique technique in quantum mechanics.In our scheme,considering the inevitable decoherence caused by noisy environment,the quantum states are not maximally entangled.We show the implementation of single qubit quantum gates and controlled-NOT(C-NOT) gate,which are universal quantum gates.Hence,any quantum gate can be implemented by using teleportation withnon-maximally entangled states.Furthermore,two schemes in differet connections of universal gates are proposed and compared,and our results show the parallel connection outperforms the cascade connection.     

Modeling and prospects for a solid-state quantum computer

Traditional approaches to computing based on nanoelectronics will likely need to embrace quantum phenomena over the coming decade with the trend toward decreasing on-chip feature sizes. Concurrently, as resonant tunneling and single-electron-based quantum devices become more prevalent, one can expect quantum computing and quantum information based on appropriate isolated and coupled low-dimensional semiconducting systems to attract more attention. We report on work aimed at understanding the limitations on how to implement practical quantum information systems that counter the natural effects of decoherence and offer suitable approaches to control of such systems. The emphasis in this paper is on open systems. We close the paper with some remarks on possible practical schemes for fabricating such systems and identify some of the challenges that lie ahead in realizing these schemes.     

一种含有安全可信任中心的量子秘密共享方案

量子秘密共享（Quantum secret sharing , QSS）可以在不完全信任的通信双方间传递密钥,是量子密码的一个重要分支。本文提出一种含有安全可信任中心的QSS方案。其中,中心能够产生并提供量子态,也能够测量并提取量子态信息。通信用户（Alice、Bob和Charlie）不拥有量子比特产生器和测量器,只需通过幺正操作和交换操作实现密钥传输和窃听防范;同时,Bob和Charlie必须合作才能获得正确的密钥。理论分析表明该方案可有效地抵御截取重发攻击、纠缠测量攻击和关联提取攻击等常见攻击策略;由于方案减少了量子比特产生器和测量器的数量,降低了量子通信的费用。这将为量子秘密共享实用化提供一种可参考的方法。     

铌酸锂量子器件研究进展

量子信息科技的进步, 在很大程度上依赖于传统材料的成熟与发展。近年来, 铌酸锂成为量子器件的重要基础材料, 在量子科技领域具有巨大的应用潜力。梳理了基于铌酸锂材料制备的量子光源、量子中继器件、单光子探测器件等各类铌酸锂量子器件的技术进展, 总结了它们的优缺点并展望了其未来主要的发展趋势, 对基于铌酸锂材料制备的量子器件在量子信息科技的实用化具有很好的指导作用。     

Superconducting digital electronics

Single-flux quantum logic (SFQ) circuits, in which a flux quantum is used as an information carrier, have the possibility for opening the door to a new digital system operated at over 100-GHz clock frequency at extremely low power dissipation. The SFQ logic system is a so-called pulse logic, which is completely different from the level logic for semiconductors like CMOS, so circuit design technologies for SFQ logic circuits have to be newly developed. Recently, much progress in basic technologies for designing SFQ circuits and operating circuits at high speeds has been made. With advances in these design tools, large-scale circuits including more than several thousand junctions can be easily operated with the clock frequency of more than several tens of gigahertz. High-end routers and high-end computers are possible applications of SFQ logic circuits because of their high throughput nature and the low power dissipation of SFQ logic. In this paper, recent advances of SFQ circuit design technologies and recent developments of switches for high-end routers and microprocessors for high-end computers that are considered possible applications for SFQ logic will be described.     

A Porphyrin Spin Qubit and Its 2D Framework Nanosheets

Molecular spin qubits have been shown to reach sufficiently long quantum coherence times to envision their use as hardware in quantum processors. These will however require their implementation in hybrid solid‐state devices for which the controlled localization and homogeneous orientation of the molecular qubits will be necessary. An alternative to isolated molecules that can ensure these key aspects is 2D framework in which the qubit would act as node. In this work, it is demonstrated that the isolated metalloporphyrin [Cu(H₄TCPP)] molecule is a potential spin qubit, and maintains similar quantum coherence as node in a 2D [{CuTCPP}Zn₂(H₂O)₂] metal–organic framework. Mono‐ and multilayer deposits of nanosheets of a similar 2D framework are then successfully formed following a modular method based on Langmuir–Schaefer conditions. The orientation of the {CuTCPP} qubit nodes in these nanosheets is homogeneous parallel to the substrate. These nanosheets are also formed with a control over the qubit concentration, i.e., by dilution with the unmetallated porphyrin. Eventually, 2D nanosheets are formed in situ directly on a substrate, through a simple protocol devised to reproduce the Langmuir–Schaefer conditions locally. Altogether these studies show that 2D spin qubit frameworks are ideal components to develop a hybrid quantum computing architecture.     

量子互联网关键技术与发展研究

量子互联网将量子计算、量子测量与通信相融合,可谓是量子信息技术演进的未来目标。然而,量子力学规律的限制,例如量子不可克隆、量子纠缠与测量坍塌等,对网络的网络功能、协议设计以及传输与中继等方面提出了新的挑战。首先介绍了量子互联网的基本概念与发展路径,考虑量子通信特性与经典通信的不同之处,从量子物理设备、网络协议、量子退相干与量子中继等方面对实现量子互联网的关键技术进行总结,并对量子互联网的发展进行了展望与建议。     

Online Competitions: An Open Space to Improve the Learning Process

Experimentation and practical work, which are usually accomplished in a laboratory, are the basics of technological fields. Laboratory activities enable students to acquire methodologies, work habits, knowledge, and experience of equipment operation, in conditions as near as possible to their future professional activities. The evolution of communication and information technologies opens new possibilities in educational methods. This article describes a project that aims to facilitate the use of real robots in an educational laboratory via Web, allowing users to learn different robotics aspects while performing a competition. Students can remotely program several robots to participate in games to accomplish a set of goals in a remote stadium (the RoboStadium). To facilitate the use of robots, the online robot stadium provides a set of training resources. Having these resources, previous knowledge on robotics is not required to use the system. Since robotics is a multidisciplinary field (mechanics, electronics, control, mathematics, computers, etc.), students of different degrees can take advantage of the presented system. Researchers of two Spanish universities are participating in this project, which provides robotics telelaboratories via Web.     

单光子波包与腔-量子点相互作用的动力学研究

对单光子波包与腔-量子点模型相互作用的动力学过程进行了数学推导,并通过数值模拟实现了静态量子比特与飞行光子比特之间的相互转换。结果表明：由腔-量子点系统输出到光纤的光子是一个平滑的波包;通过改变激光脉冲作用时间等系统参数,可实现量子点中的原子和光子的纠缠,在此基础上,即可实现不同量子点中原子的纠缠。研究结果对解决利用腔-量子点系统来构造量子计算机的接口、制备纠缠态以及实现受控量子门等热点问题具有积极意义。     

量子通信及其应用前景

量子通信是近几年发展起来的新兴学科,具有巨大的潜在应用价值和重大的科学意义。介绍了量子通信的主要组成部分;分析了量子通信的保密、大容量、远距离传输等特点;对量子通信的应用前景进行了一定的探讨。量子通信不仅在军事、国防等领域具有重要的作用,而且会极大地促进国民经济的发展。     

一维量子点阵列的自旋链上信息传输

基于紧束缚模型的实空间格点组成的一维线性均匀有序的量子点阵列为研究对象,然后利用演化算符的作用使其在量子点阵列的自旋链上进行单量子比特的信息传输。即使用演化算符 使单比特量子态从量子点阵列起始端为多粒子态 传输到末端态为 ,最后在此基础上计算概率来讨论了单量子比特能从起始端的多粒子态 的第一个量子比特完全传输到态 的末端第N个量子比特是可能的。     

Quantum computing with superconductors

Superconductive technology is one of the most promising approaches to quantum computing because it offers devices with little dissipation, ultrasensitive magnetometers, and electrometers for state readout, large-scale-integration, and a family of classical electronics that could be used for quantum bit (qubit) control. The challenges this technology faces, however, are substantial: for example, control of the qubit to a part in /spl sim/10/sup 4/ must be accomplished with analog control pulses. But even after this is done, the accuracy is limited by the unavoidable decay of quantum information in the system. Recent experiments suggest the time over which this decay occurs is <1 /spl mu/s, though it is expected to lengthen as experimental methods improve. A 1-/spl mu/s decay time would mandate a very difficult to achieve maximum time of /spl sim/100 ps per analog operation. Thus, quantum computing is, simultaneously a promising technology for solving certain very hard problems in computer science and a daunting challenge for those working to develop that technology.     

量子相干与量子消相干

对经典相干和量子相干进行了探讨，介绍量子相干在量子计算和量子信息中的应用。分析几种引起量子消相干的可能原因，并利用Kraus算子和密度矩阵对一种量子消相干模型进行详细地研究。     

Chip-based quantum communications

Quantum communications aim to share encryption keys between the transmitters and receivers governed by the laws of quantum mechanics.Integrated quantum photonics offers significant advantages of dense integration,high stability and scalability,which enables a vital platform for the implementation of quantum information processing and quantum commu-nications.This article reviews recent experimental progress and advances in the development of integrated quantum photonic devices and systems for quantum communications and quantum networks.