基于多传感器融合的全地形机器人系统设计

针对因强降雨、堤防溃决、暴雨增水等因素导致的水位突然上升而泛滥和山洪暴发,形成复杂多变灾后的地形环境。设计了以FPGA为控制器的多传感器融合机器人,提高灾后救援效率。该机器人通过GPS为机器人作业划定区域,生命特征仪、力矩仪和空气质量仪等传感器采集环境数据,搭建非线性全地形机器人动态模型,利用六轴陀螺仪和霍尔传感器获取机器人状态,数据经过扩展卡尔曼滤波算法融合以及航迹算法推算后,获得机器人在灾后环境中的实际信息,使得机器人能够按要求进行搜救作业。实验结果表面,多传感器融合的机器人系统,能够在灾后环境完成信息采集与传输,具有较高的稳定性及准确性。     

动物运动力学测试系统

研究蜘蛛、昆虫等微小动物在地面、墙面、天花板等不同表面的光滑或粗糙状况下自如运动时的附着机理,可以为特种仿生机器人的研究提供理论依据。研制了动物运动力学测试系统,包括由16只三维微牛级力传感器组成的传感器测试阵列;48通道的信号放大、调理以及数据采集与处理;动态图像的放大、记录与分析等。该系统在仿生学的研究中有很大的应用价值,是了解和深入认识动物运动步态及其接触力学规律的重要手段。     

多传感器手爪的研究

本文介绍了一种多传感器机械手爪，手爪上安装了接近觉接触觉滑觉滑力觉滑热觉与温觉等５种传感器。该手爪与简易视觉结合能使机器人完成一些不同截面形状和材质工件的识别。     

基于多数据融合的智能定位传感器避障算法研究

在智能定位传感器内增加避障算法，可使机器人拥有自动躲避障碍的能力，该文基于多数据融合设计智能定位传感器避障算法。设置激光雷达测距和超声波测距作为多传感器障碍检测的方法，获取机器人当前位置与障碍点坐标的相对几何关系，计算机器人与障碍点位置的距离，定位路面障碍点，对2种传感器收集到的数据进行多元障碍定位信息的加权融合。设置智能机器人避障轨迹目标函数以及约束条件，设计机器人避障算法，得到基于定位传感器的机器人避障方法。实验结果表明，在简单环境及复杂环境下机器人均未与障碍物相撞。在运行轨迹中随机放置障碍物，机器人能够及时完成运行轨迹的变化。由此可见，该避障算法具备较好的应用前景，可应用于各种智能机器人中。     

基于全景视觉与里程计的机器人自定位方法研究

通过分析全景视觉与里程计传感器的感知模型的不确定性，提出了一种基于路标观测的移动机器人自定位算法. 该算法利用卡尔曼滤波器，融合多种传感器在不同观测点获取的观测数据完成机器人自定位．与传统的、采用单一传感器自定位的方法相比，它利用视觉和里程计的互补特性，提高了自定位的精度．实验结果证明了上述方法的有效性．     

T3000型触压测量系统

该产品最多可以支持10,240个数据获取速率达到128KHz的传感器，帮助用户完成对接触物体的实时触压分析。其自带的软件可以将原始的传感器信号变为彩色的，三维的沿着被测物表面的压力示意图，该传感器的平行扫描结构可以适应不同的传感器结构，     

具有拨土功能的轮腿一体化机器人结构设计

针对矿井灾难环境特点,采用三维建模软件设计了一种轮腿一体化机器人.该机器人采用轮腿一体式结构,具备了腿式机器人和轮式机器人的运动优点.分析了在不同环境下机器人采用的行进方式(即机器人步态),增强了机器人的环境适应能力,并且设计了基于多传感器信息的运动控制系统.该系统能够完成灾难矿井下的环境探测、信息获取以及机器人步态控制等功能,为矿难救援工作提供了重要的信息.     

基于ARM的建筑能效数据采集机器人设计

设计了一种应用于建筑能效数据采集的室内履带机器人。该履带机器人在室内环境中通过无线传感器网络和惯性导航系统联合定位的策略,到达目标位置采集无线传感器结点信息,最终完成建筑物内部的建筑能效数据采集任务。采用ARM系统的设计方案,使用电子罗盘、加速度和转速等传感器,结合无线传感器网络的RSSI技术实现了机器人的行驶和定位功能。     

轮式自主格斗机器人的设计

轮式自主格斗机器人是中国智能机器人格斗及竞技大赛的重要比赛类目，机器人要实现自主登台、自动巡航、寻敌攻击、掉落后重新登台等众多功能，比赛全程无人工干预。作者将参赛机器人划分为机械、控制、传感器、驱动四大模块，以多种传感器采集信息，实现场地环境判断和敌方目标感知，完成协同控制和高功率驱动。经实战测试表明，该机器人攻防灵活，场地适应性强，能顺利完成自主性任务和对抗动作，达到比赛要求。     

基于光学运动传感器的履带相手机器人牵引控制系统研究

本文介绍一种用于估计相扑机器人摔跤比赛场地表面摩擦极限的技术,并基于此开发了该移动式相扑机器人的牵引控制系统。该测量估计基于机器人的激光光学传感器。在比赛开始之前,机器人需要完成一系列半自动的测试,以确定在不同情形下用最大的牵引力加速,从而达到以最高的动量撞击对手的目的。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。