椭圆芯扁六角聚合物光子晶体光纤的偏振特性

采用全矢量定域基函数模型,以聚合物PMMA为基材,研究了椭圆芯三角点阵扁六角结构光子晶体光纤(Photonic crystal fibers,PCFs)的偏振特性,分析了其相位模双折射和群模双折射与相对孔间隔比的依赖关系,并与椭圆芯三角点阵正六角结构PCFs的研究结论进行比较;研究发现,椭圆芯扁六角结构PCF的偏振特性强烈的依赖于光纤的结构参数,由于色度色散的存在,在短波长段,群双折射远远高于相位模双折射,通过适当调节光纤的相对孔径和相对孔间隔比,有望在给定波长实现高双折射和零偏振模色散单模运行.该研究为高双折射聚合物光子晶体保偏光纤的制备提供了理论依据.     

Large Absolute Band Gap Achieved by Two Dimensionally Sinusoidal Dielectric Waveguide Arrays

Complex lattice structure which can reduce the structure symmetry is most used to create or enlarge absolute band gaps. Another effective model to obtain absolute band gaps is proposed. The symmetry reduction approach in the presented model is to reduce the symmetry of the refractive index by sinusoidal modulation in square lattice. The band structure of two dimensionally sinusoidal dielectric waveguide array (SDWA) is calculated by the plane wave expansion method. We also investigate the influence of refractive index modulation on the formation of absolute band gaps. The results indicate that the SDWA model is beneficial to create and increase absolute band gaps.     

基于连续谱束缚态的高Q太赫兹全介质超表面

为了研究基于连续谱束缚态(BIC)高品质因子Q谐振, 提出了由双空心硅圆柱体组成太赫兹全介质超表面。采用数值模拟方法对结构的透射光谱及电磁场图进行了分析, 并利用本征模分析的方法研究了超表面结构参数对BIC频率的影响, 给出了该BIC超表面在太赫兹大频率范围工作的参数设计方法。结果表明, 在3.0THz左右实现了一个可调高Q环偶极Fano谐振; 本征模式的分析计算结果与入射电磁波模式的分析计算结果对称性不匹配, 该超表面支持的是一个对称保护BIC。此研究为基于BIC的高Q超材料在超低阈值激光器件、非线性光学谐波产生及高灵敏度传感等领域的应用提供了理论参考。     

Tunable Magnonic Spectra in Two‐Dimensional Magnonic Crystals with Variable Lattice Symmetry

Tunable magnonic properties are demonstrated in two‐dimensional magnonic crystals in the form of artificial ferromagnetic nanodot lattices with variable lattice symmetry. An all‐optical time‐domain excitation and detection of the collective precessional dynamics is performed in the strongly magnetostatically coupled Ni₈₀Fe₂₀ (Py) circular dot lattices arranged in different lattice symmetry such as square, rectangular, hexagonal, honeycomb, and octagonal symmetry. As the symmetry changes from square to octagonal through rectangular, hexagonal and honeycomb, a significant variation in the spin wave spectra is observed. The single uniform collective mode in the square lattice splits in two distinct modes in the rectangular lattice and in three distinct modes in the hexagonal and octagonal lattices. However, in the honeycomb lattice a broad band of modes are observed. Micromagnetic simulations qualitatively reproduce the experimentally observed modes, and the simulated mode profiles reveal collective modes with different spatial distributions with the variation in the lattice symmetry determined by the magnetostatic field profiles. For the hexagonal lattice, the most intense peak shows a six‐fold anisotropy with the variation in the azimuthal angle of the external bias magnetic field. Analysis shows that this is due to the angular variation of the dynamical component of magnetization for this mode, which is directly influenced by the variation of the magnetostatic field on the elements in the hexagonal lattice. The observations are important for tunable and anisotropic propagation of spin waves in magnonic crystal based devices.     

平面波展开法在质量分数测量上的应用研究

为了提出测定果糖质量分数的新方案,采用光子晶体平面波展开法进行了理论分析和数值模拟。通过研究以硅半导体材料为背景介质周期性排列空气孔圆柱构成的光子晶体,分别取得了正方晶格和三角晶格的空气孔结构光子晶体的TE模、TM模禁带结构特性。结果表明,在高频率区域,2维正方晶格或三角晶格结构各向同性光子晶体的光子带隙随待测质量分数不同是单调变化的;同时,晶格结构对光子带隙有一定的影响,不论是在正方结构还是三角结构光子晶体中,TE模带隙都比TM模大得多。这对质量分数测量和高血糖患者的临床应用有一定的指导作用。     

Engineering Symmetry‐Breaking Nanocrescent Arrays for Nanolasing

This paper describes a symmetry‐breaking plasmonic lattice structure that can support narrow resonances as optical feedback for nanolasing. A scalable technique is developed to fabricate nanocrescent arrays with low‐structural symmetry unit cells to achieve in‐plane quadrupolar lattice plasmon modes. These lattice plasmons with extremely narrow linewidths preserve nonzero net dipole moments under normal excitation. Ultrafast band‐edge lasing can be switched on and off by changing the polarization of the incident pump light. The quadrupolar lattice plasmon lasing process is simulated with a semi‐quantum model and the sharp tips on the nanocrescents accelerate the lasing buildup process and enhance stimulated emission.     

基于极化旋转单元的宽带雷达散射截面缩减

提出并设计了一种基于非对称开口圆环形结构的极化转换单元，并以此为基础设计实现了超宽带雷达散射截面（radar cross-section，RCS）缩减电磁超表面.利用非对称开口圆环形结构极化转换单元可灵活设计转极化反射相位的特点，设计了两种极化转换单元以实现在超宽频带范围内满足反射相位相差接近180°，将这两种单元在平面上进行编码优化排布，使得入射电磁波产生漫反射效应从而实现超宽带后向散射RCS缩减.最后设计并加工了一个192 mm×192 mm尺寸的电磁超表面，仿真和实测结果表明该表面在11.2~24.1 GHz的宽频带内实现了10 dB以上的RCS缩减，最大缩减可达35 dB.     

2维复式正方晶格结构的完全带隙研究

为了获得较大的完全带隙,采用平面波展开法对2维光子晶体的带隙结构进行计算,通过栅格结构连接方形硅介质柱对正方晶格的带隙结构进行优化。在适当调整介质柱宽度和栅格宽度后,所构成的复式结构获得了较大的完全带隙。结果表明,在正方晶格结构的情况下,只有方形硅介质柱且其宽度为0.5a(a为晶格常数)时,仅存在TE模的带隙;只有同周期硅介质栅格结构且栅格宽度为0.22a时,仅存在TM模的带隙;复式结构的情况下,适当调整介质柱宽度w和栅格宽度d,在w=0.5a和d=0.05a时,可以获得较大的完全带隙,其宽度为0.0417ωe(ωe为中心频率);在w不变时,随着d的变化,在0.04a～0.11a出现完全带隙;在d不变时,随着w的变化,在0.42a～0.76a出现完全带隙;在4～36的范围内调整介电常数,在8.41～36之间能够出现不同宽度的完全带隙。这些结果对2维光子晶体的制作和应用是很有帮助的。     

天线极化特性的近场测量技术

针对天线极化特性如何在近场测量系统进行测试的问题,文中从实际工程应用出发,结合电磁场理论,基于椭圆极化波的分解理论,提出了利用线极化探头测量椭圆极化天线特性参数的方法。通过线极化探头进行两次正交的测量即可得到圆极化天线的方向图、轴比、倾角、增益等特性信息,也得到了线极化天线的交叉极化特性。     

EEMGSM光束在各向异性湍流中的光束质量因子研究

为了探究矢量椭圆多高斯-谢尔模(EEMGSM)光束的传输特性, 基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理和维格纳分布函数的二阶矩理论, 理论推导了EEMGSM光束在各向异性湍流中传输的质量因子解析表达式。通过数值计算和分析, 探究了初始偏振度、初始相干度、腰宽、波长和湍流结构常数等与质量因子的变化规律。结果表明, EEMGSM光束的质量因子随着阶数、波长和腰宽的增大而减小; 随着初始相干度和湍流结构常数的减小而减小; 在相同条件下, 具有大初始偏振度的EEMGSM光束的光束质量受各向异性的影响小于具有小初始偏振度的EEMGSM光束的光束质量; 且在相同条件下, EEMGSM光束的质量因子比标量椭圆高斯-谢尔模(EGSM)光束小, 即EEMGSM光束具有缓解各向异性湍流影响的优点。所得结论对于自由空间光通信的研究具有一定的理论参考价值。     

非谐振多层级联频率选择表面研究

为了减少工作在L波段的机载天线对高于其工作频率范围来波的散射,设计了一种非谐振单元组成的多层级联结构阵列.它是在十字网栅电感层基础上,通过螺旋曲折线的形式有效延长电流路径,加大电感层的感性效应,这种折线螺旋能够控制单元尺寸,还能抑制高阶模和栅瓣的出现.采用修改电容层金属图案的方法,将贴片单元变为谐振型的方环单元,并将这种带阻型方环单元的传输极点置于阵列干涉点处,可以有效抑制由阵列干涉造成的窄传输峰,从而减少高频电磁波散射的影响,达到减小电磁散射对飞机雷达散射截面的影响,从而实现表面频率选择.采用高频电磁场仿真软件对上述设计的物理模型和等效电路模型进行了仿真,并对结构尺寸进行了优化设计.通过实验对设计样品进行了测试和分析,结果表明上述设计能够达到频率选择的目的.     

抑制同步开关噪声的超带宽电磁带隙结构研究

针对抑制印刷电路板中电源平面与接地平面之间的同步开关噪声问题,提出了一种新型的二维电磁带隙结构（BSEBG）。这一新型结构的设计基于在正方形金属贴片的四角刻蚀出折线型缝隙以降低贴片的有效电容,应用折线以增加相邻贴片的有效电感,单元晶格由折线与含有缝隙的正方形金属贴片桥接构成。仿真分析结果表明：相比于同参数的ZbridgedEBG电磁带隙结构,当抑制深度定义为-30dB时,BSEBG结构阻带范围从220MHz到超过20GHz,相对带宽增加了约15％,阻带下限截止频率降低了110MHz。     

Electromagnetic Excitation of PEC Slotted Cones by Elementary Radial Dipoles—A Semi-Inversion Analysis

A novel method is presented that is based on the use of the Kontorovich–Lebedev integral transform and the semi-inversion technique, developed for building the efficient and accurate numerical solutions to the boundary-value problems of electromagnetic wave scattering by the 3D coaxial slotted cones. A generic structure under consideration consists of two semi-infinite coaxial circular perfectly electrical conducting and zero-thickness cones with periodic longitudinal slots excited by a radial dipole. The considered problem is reduced to an infinite set of linear algebraic equations of the Fredholm second kind that is truncated and solved numerically. A detail analysis of the accuracy and convergence of the method is presented. The basic electromagnetic characteristics such as the field behavior near the structure singularities, field patterns in the wave zone, and field polarization for various problem parameters are investigated for the cones excited by on-axis elementary dipoles. The slotted cones allow obtaining more directional patterns in wider band than the solid ones.      

Cross-shaped and four-ridge waveguide—Horn radiators: Internal and external characteristics

A mathematical model is developed for smooth-wall waveguide-horn radiators with an arbitrary cross section of the aperture. The exterior problem is solved in the Huygens-Kirchhoff approximation and the interior problem is solved with the use of a numerical algorithm constructed on the basis of the finite-element method. Internal (cutoff frequencies of modes, the field structure, attenuation coefficients, the wave impedance, and the maximum transmitted power of the fundamental mode) and external (radiation patterns, polarization characteristics, the aperture efficiency, and matching to free space) characteristics of dual-polarization waveguide-horn radiators with cross-shaped and four-ridge circular and square cross sections are investigated. Optimum relationships for cross-sectional dimensions that maximize the operating bandwidth, minimize the loss level, and maximize the power transmitted through the waveguides are found. It is shown that optimization of cross-sectional parameters can ensure a high degree of the axial symmetry of radiation patterns, a good matching to free space, and a low level of sidelobe radiation in the operating frequency band—characteristics which are better than those of similar radiators with square and circular cross sections. Numerical results are compared with experimental data.     

电磁波同周期介质相互作用与系统的能带结构

电磁场同物质相互作用问题可以归结为电磁场同不同折射率形成的"势场"相互作用问题。当电磁场(光子)在周期"势场"中传播时,能量将分裂成带。文章从麦克斯韦方程出发,讨论了电磁场与周期介质的相互作用,并用转移矩阵方法导出了系统的色散关系,描述了周期介质中布洛赫波的传播及系统的稳定性。     

Eigenmodes of a 2D array of coupled slot lines in the impedance approximation

A 2D periodic array of coupled slot transmission lines is considered in the approximation of equivalent boundary conditions. The eigenmode problem for an array operating in the quasi-periodic mode is formulated and solved. The dispersion equation for eigenmode propagation constants and expressions for eigenmode fields are obtained. The behavior of eigenmodes in a frequency band and in a range of values of geometric parameters is analyzed. The orthogonality of eigenmodes is shown. Theoretical results are compared to the results of numerical calculation performed with the use of electromagnetic simulation systems.     

Scattering of electromagnetic waves by a metal lattice placed at the interface of two media

Simple formulas for determination of components of the scattering matrix of a plane electromagnetic wave incident along the normal onto a thin infinite 2D metal lattice with square windows placed at the interface of two media are derived for the first time. Frequency responses (FRs) of this structure calculated with the use of these formulas agree well with responses obtained by the numerical electromagnetic analysis of a 3D model in the case when the lattice period is less than one-half of the wavelength. The capability of efficient control of the FR of the analyzed structure by means of variation in the width of conductors and the lattice period enables application of this lattice for fabrication of a reflector with prescribed reflectivity. Such reflectors at interfaces of dielectric layers are required, for example, in the design of multilayer sufaces radio transparent in a specified frequency band or optical bandpass filters.     

填充率对有限高度二维光子晶体带隙的影响

针对三角晶格空气孔和四方晶格介质柱这两种结构的有限高度二维光子晶体,用平面波展开法计算它们在不同填充率下的带隙结构,分析了带隙特性及填充率对带隙结构的影响。结果表明,晶胞中的空气所占的比例较大时,带隙的位置向高频方向移动,带隙宽度则在逐渐增大的同时又受到光锥边界的限制,结构参数为相对介电常数2和12,总高度为3L1;三角和四方晶格的中间层高度分别为L1=0．6a和L1=1.5a时,填充率r／a分别取0．42和0．19可得到较大的带隙,范围分别是(0．30～0．45)和(0．34～0．45)wa／2πc。     

用平面波展开法计算二维方形光子晶体的带隙结构

用平面波展开法计算二维正方晶格光子晶体的带隙结构，对二维光子晶体的电磁波理论及周期介质中的Bloch波解进行了详细的推导，得出TE模和TM模下无缺陷时光子晶体的色散曲线，并设计了低频区域内具有较大带隙宽度的两种二维光子晶体的空间周期结构. 经过大量的计算，发现硅中的空气柱型光子晶体在红外波段TE模和TM模存在重叠的绝对光子带隙，并分别研究了空气中的硅介质柱和硅中的空气柱的TM模带隙宽度随空气柱半径和填充比变化的规律.     

扭转椭圆双折射光纤环形腔输出特性

对扭转椭圆双折射光纤环形腔的带阻输出特性进行了分析和计算。结果表明，任意椭圆偏振态输入，光纤的双折射和扭转使光纤环形腔带阻输出特性中的谐振峰分裂为两组，对应于光纤的两个本征偏振态。谐振频率发生偏移，偏移量取决于光纤的双折射参数和扭转速率，两组谐振峰的相对幅度取决于光纤的双折射参数、扭转速率和输入偏振态。若输入偏振态为双折射光纤本征偏振态之一，就仅出现一组谐振峰。光纤的双折射和扭转对环形腔的精细度没有影响。