载银氟磷灰石抗菌剂的制备和耐高温性能研究

以共沉淀法制备无定形纳米载银氟磷灰石粉体,将其在1000℃下进行3h的热处理后,得到载银氟磷灰石抗菌剂.通过TEM、XRD、AAS、SEM等分析测试手段对该抗菌剂进行了表征,摇瓶法抗菌实验证明该抗菌剂在经1350℃高温后仍具有100％的抗菌效果.     

载锌辉沸石无机抗菌剂的制备与性能研究

以天然辉沸石为载体，通过载带Zn^2＋并对其稳定固化制备了载锌辉沸石无机抗菌剂，对抗菌剂粒度、白度等物理性能与抗菌性、抗菌耐久性和有害气体去除作用等功能性及微观结构特性进行了研究。载锌辉沸石无机抗菌剂平均粒径0．8gm，白度88，在涂料中应用对涂料白度基本无影响；载锌辉沸石无机抗菌剂具有优良的抗菌性和耐久性，浓度700gg／ml时对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率为100％，经热水浸泡12h后抑菌率仍分别为99％和98．5％；抗菌剂中Zn^2＋均匀分布在辉沸石的部分孔道中；辉沸石内部存在较多的空余孔道，从而导致抗菌剂同时具有对有害气体的去除作用。     

焙烧温度对载Ag多孔SiO_2抗菌性能的影响

以多孔SiO2为载体,通过吸附、焙烧等工艺将Ag+固定在多孔二氧化硅的孔隙内,制备出了载Ag无机抗菌剂;研究了不同焙烧温度(200℃、400℃、600℃、800℃)下这种抗菌剂对大肠杆菌的定性、定量抗菌性能以及抗菌持久性能的影响。结果表明:400℃焙烧时,该无机抗菌剂对大肠杆菌的抗菌效果符合日本无机抗菌剂行业标准且抗菌持久性强,其原因是该焙烧温度下多孔SiO2的孔隙结构可以对银离子起到有效的缓释作用。     

载银纳米TiO2抗菌竹炭制备工艺研究

以工业钛液（TiOSO4）为原料，通过水热法制备了载银偏钛酸（Ag/H3TiO3），然后将其与竹炭复合进行热处理得到抗菌竹炭。考察了载银量、载抗菌剂量、热处理温度以及竹炭粒径等因素对抗菌率的影响。研究结果表明：载银量为2％，载抗菌剂量为1％，热处理温度为500℃，竹炭颗粒为200目时得到的竹炭其抗菌率在99％以上。     

纳米抗菌PET纤维的制备及性能研究

采用高速熔融纺丝制备纳米抗菌涤纶PET纤维。扫描电镜分析表明改性后纳米抗菌粒子在PET中分散良好。纳米抗菌剂的加入，对纤维的结晶性能、伸长率、断裂强度等均有影响。纳米抗菌材料的添加量为5％时，纤维的断裂强度和伸长率都有较大值。在PET中添加了少量抗菌剂后，抗菌剂起了成核剂的作用，使共混体系的冷却结晶温度Tc较纯PET的Tc升高了1-5℃，但熔体的熔点％基本无变化。抗菌PET纤维具有良好的抗菌性（〉90％）和耐洗性。     

ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂的分散与性能研究

以XRD、TEM、激光粒度分布对自制ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂进行表征，对其抗菌、抗藻和安全性能进行检测。结果表明：经PAAS分散后，ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂的团聚程度大大降低，分散剂PAAS的加入质量分数对ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂分散效果的影响呈抛物线状，最佳加入质量分数为48％，平均粒径为11．8nm。ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂具有优良的抗菌、抗藻和安全性能，对大肠埃希氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度均为50mg／L，对小球藻菌的最小抑菌浓度为5mg／L，对小鼠的急性经口毒性的LD50为9260mg／kg，对皮肤无刺激性。     

铜型有源抗菌剂的扩大试验及其抗菌效果的应用研究

采用液相离子交换法进行制备抗菌剂的中试实验,并从定性和定量两种不同方法着手,研究其对三种指标菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌)的抗菌及抑菌效果.试验结果表明,以该方法制得的铜型有源抗菌剂,其抗菌效果达到99.20%以上,是一种实用价值很高的抗菌材料.用其配置的抗菌涂料,在其添加量为1%到3%对大肠杆菌都有较好的抗菌效果.     

载锌抗菌剂及其EVA制品的抗菌防霉性能研究

采用硼酸酯偶联剂对栽锌抗菌剂进行表面改性,制备合2.5%抗菌剂的EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)材料,进行了抗菌剂粉体抑菌环测定与毒性试验;采用振荡烧瓶法分析测定抗菌EVA材料的抗菌性能,并将混合孢子悬液喷在EVA试样上,于27℃,相对湿度＞90%的条件下进行28d防霉性能的试验.结果表明,该抗菌剂加水稀释20倍对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、黑曲霉、球毛壳、绳状青霉、出芽短埂霉均有显著的抑菌效果,稀释320倍对出芽短埂霉仍有明显的押菌效果;该抗菌剂对雌、雄小白鼠经LD50＞5000mg/kg,属于实际无毒类;该抗菌EVA试样具有优良的抗菌防霉作用.     

卤胺季铵盐双活性抗菌剂的制备及其在纤维基包装材料中的应用

目的 在温和实验条件下制备卤胺季铵盐双活性抗菌剂,考察其抗菌活性并研究其在纤维基包装材料中的应用。方法 利用紫外-可见分光光度计标定标准曲线,考察双活性抗菌剂及负载该抗菌剂的纤维基包装材料的抗菌活性和再生复用性能。结果 双活性抗菌剂在质量浓度为0.25 g/mL时,15 min内对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌效果均达到100%;负载双活性抗菌剂的纤维基包装材料在15 min内对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌效果均达到100%;经3次抗菌性能再生后,双活性抗菌剂和纤维基抗菌包装材料的一次杀菌效果仍可达到100%。结论 双活性抗菌剂对革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)与革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)均有良好的灭菌作用,负载双活性抗菌剂的纤维基材料的灭菌效果良好,且抗菌性能可多次再生。     

防雾抗菌聚乙烯薄膜的制备及性能

目的 制备一种具有抗菌和防雾效果的改性薄膜.方法 防雾添加剂选择聚甘油脂肪酸酯(PGFE)和实验室自制的母粒(YS),抗菌剂选择丙酸钙(CP)和脱氢乙酸钠(以下称为DHA-S),将抗菌剂、防雾剂及PE粒子混合造粒,然后在流延机上流延得到防雾抗菌聚乙烯(PE)活性包装薄膜,并通过正交实验优化薄膜的制备配方.结果 与纯PE薄膜相比(抗张强度为8.64 MPa;质量分数为88.46％;断裂伸长率纵向为551.72％,横向为589.86％),添加YS(均以质量分数表示)(3％),PGFE(3％),DHA-S(1％)和CP(1％)的薄膜具有较好的防雾性、抗张强度(14.58 MPa)以及对试验菌较好的抗菌性能,但是薄膜透光率(82.68％)、断裂伸长率(纵向272.20％,横向140.20％)和阻隔性较差.结论 经过防雾剂和抗菌剂改性的聚乙烯薄膜,因其抗菌和防雾效果较好,以及其物理性能良好,可以作为食品包装材料使用.     

Inorganic hollow mesoporous spheres-based delivery for antimicrobial agents

Microorganisms coexist with human beings and have formed a complex relationship with us. However, the abnormal spread of pathogens can cause infectious diseases thus demands antibacterial agents. Currently available antimicrobials, such as silver ions, antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics, have diverse concerns in chemical stability, biocompatibility, or triggering drug resistance. The “encapsulate-and-deliver” strategy can protect antimicrobials against decomposing, so to avoid large dose release induced resistance and achieve the controlled release. Considering loading capacity, engineering feasibility, and economic viability, inorganic hollow mesoporous spheres (iHMSs) represent one kind of promising and suitable candidates for real-life antimicrobial applications. Here we reviewed the recent research progress of iHMSs-based antimicrobial delivery. We summarized the synthesis of iHMSs and the drug loading method of various antimicrobials, and discussed the future applications. To prevent and mitigate the spread of an infective disease, multilateral coordination at the national level is required. Moreover, developing effective and practicable antimicrobials is the key to enhancing our capability to eliminate pathogenic microbes. We believe that our conclusion will be beneficial for researches on the antimicrobial delivery in both lab and mass production phases.     

纳米ZnO/生物基尼龙612纳米复合抗菌薄膜的制备与性能

细菌滋生将缩短食品货架周期，对人体健康产生负面影响，因此开展抗菌包装膜的研究十分重要。本文采用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂(KH550)改性了纳米氧化锌(ZnO)，并将改性后的纳米氧化锌(mZnO)与尼龙612 (PA612)进行熔融共混制备复合材料，最终采用挤出流延制备了m-ZnO/PA612纳米复合抗菌薄膜。采用FTIR对改性前后的ZnO进行表征，证明了KH550成功接枝到ZnO上。通过SEM、DSC、TGA、平板计数法等测试手段对ZnO的分散及复合材料的结晶性能、热性能、抗菌性能进行了研究。结果表明：mZnO在PA612基体中分散良好。m-ZnO可以作为成核剂提高PA612的结晶度，m-ZnO的含量为2wt%时，其结晶度提高了4.1%。m-ZnO对PA612有增强作用，m-ZnO的添加量为2wt%时，m-ZnO/PA612纳米复合薄膜的拉伸强度较纯PA612提高了15%。m-ZnO的存在赋予了PA612抗菌性能，m-ZnO/PA612纳米复合薄膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有很好的抗菌效果，且随着m-ZnO含量的增大，抗菌率增大，m-ZnO的质量分数为4wt%时，对大肠杆菌的抗菌...     

抗菌包装研究进展

总结了引起食品变质的原因,介绍了抗菌包装中所用抗菌剂,如无机抗菌剂、有机抗菌剂、天然抗菌剂、纳米抗菌剂和气体抗菌剂,简要描述了抗菌剂在食品包装中的应用进展。     

电纺制备明胶/壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石/氧化石墨烯抗菌复合纳米纤维的研究

本研究模拟细胞外基质成分与结构, 采用静电纺丝法成功制备出明胶/壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石/氧化石墨烯四元复合纤维。重点考察该体系中物质浓度对复合纤维形貌及抗菌性能的影响。结果表明: 明胶浓度增大会增大纤维的直径, 但浓度过大会出现粘连现象, 其最佳浓度为15~20%; 加入壳聚糖(CS)会出现细纤维分支, 其浓度为1%左右较佳; 增加羟基磷灰石(HA)浓度, 可提高电纺液的导电性, 降低纤维中的珠状物和粘联现象发生, 粒径为12 μm的HA浓度为5%时纤维形态较好; 加入氧化石墨烯后可使纤维形态均匀、光滑。最后对四元复合纤维进行了抗菌性能考察, 发现氧化石墨烯的加入增强了复合纤维的抗菌性。明胶/壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石/氧化石墨烯四元复合纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均具有较好的抗菌效果。     

High thermal stability Cu2O@OZrP micro-nano hybrids for melt-spun excellent antibacterial activity polyester fibers

Public safety incidents caused by bacterial infections have attracted widespread attention towards antibacterial textiles (fibers,fabrics,etc.).Nevertheless,it is still challenging to efficiently load inor-ganic nano-antibacterial materials in polymer fibers.In this work,zirconium phosphate (ZrP,layered micro-nano materials) was utilized as a micro-nano carrier.The octadecyl triphenyl phosphonium bro-mide (OTP) was intercalated between the ZrP sheets by the ion exchange method to improve the carrier-polymer compatibility and the antibacterial performance.Through in-situ chemical reduction,the ultra-small nano-sized cuprous oxide (Cu2O ＜ 5 nm) was loaded on the outer surface of ZrP to realize the uniform and stable dispersion of the Cu2O on the carrier and improve the antibacterial performance.The ZrP nanosheets loaded with Cu2O and OTP (Cu2O@OZrP) had excellent antibacterial properties,and the antibacterial rate against E.coli,S.aureus and C albicans was more than 99 ％.The intercalation amount of OTP in Cu2O@OZrP can reach 16 ％,and the thermal stability was excellent and a significant increase in the Zeta potential.Indeed,the decomposition temperature was greater than 350 ℃,which was suitable for high-temperature melt processing of polymers.Consequently,we prepared PET/Cu2O@OZrP fibers using polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET),which accounts for 70 ％ of the total chemical fibers,as the fiber matrix.PET/Cu2O@OZrP fibers exhibited excellent mechanical property and antibacterial per-formance when the content of Cu2O@OZrP was only 0.2 ％.The antibacterial rate against five types of bacteria including super bacteria (MRSA,VRE) was more than 99 ％.     

High-efficiency antibacterial and anti-mildew properties under self-assembly: An environmentally friendly nanocomposite

Leather is easy to breed colonies or mildew during the storage process, destroy the fiber structure, and affect human health. The antibacterial treatment of leather is usually through adding antimicrobials during the re-tanning process. However, traditional leather antibacterial agent has benzene, sulfur and other harmful substances. In recent years, they have been banned in the process of making leather. In this study, poly(dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride-methacrylic acid)/silver deposited ZnO composite was prepared by in-situ method and used in leather re-tanning process. The self-assembly behavior occured between silver deposited ZnO and polymer with the flower-like morphology formed via the situ polymerization. After re-tanning process, Ag/ZnO and N⁺ in the composite provide leather with efficient antibacterial, anti-mildew and physical properties. Meanwhile, there were no harmful substances in the composite compared with traditional leather antibacterial agent, which was a kind of “friendly” antimicrobial material.     

添加LDH-ZnO的海藻酸钠基抗菌复合材料研究综述

目的 介绍海藻酸钠基抗菌复合材料的抗菌机理、特点以及在食品包装方面的应用。方法 重点阐述海藻酸钠的成膜机理、纳米氧化锌的抗菌机理,以及具有特殊层状结构的无机功能材料水滑石的抑菌性能,利用在不同改性方法下水滑石与氧化锌结合形成的增强抗菌结构,探究以海藻酸钠为基材制成的海藻酸钠/水滑石/纳米氧化锌复合膜体系的力学、阻隔和抗菌等性能。结论 绿色食品包装材料在现实生活中倍受关注,将海藻酸钠(能完全生物降解,具有良好的生物相容性和热稳定性的环境友好型材料)与水滑石-氧化锌抗菌剂结合,以增强抗菌复合材料的综合性能,符合国内外研究和开发新型抗菌材料的趋势。     

304Cu抗菌不锈钢盐酸基酸洗工艺的研究

为了明确盐酸基酸洗液对含Cu抗菌不锈钢表面氧化层的酸洗行为,采用正交试验法研究以盐酸为基础,Fe~(3+)、H_2O_2和HNO_3为氧化剂的304Cu抗菌不锈钢酸洗工艺.并运用扫描电镜、透射电镜及电化学等手段分析经最佳配方酸洗后试样的表面形貌、成分及酸洗机理.结果表明:最佳酸洗工艺配方为HCl(36%~38%)120 ml/L、H_2O_2(30%)80 ml/L、FeCl_3·6H_2O 20g/L、HNO_310 ml/L,酸洗温度30℃,酸洗时间15 min.经该配方酸洗后材料表面平整度和光亮度较好,具有抗菌性能的点状ε-Cu相在基体上弥散分布.材料经酸洗去除氧化层后,仍具有足够含量的抗菌元素Cu存在.酸洗脱除氧化层过程由电荷传递过程控制,该酸洗液对不锈钢具有孔蚀诱导性,酸洗时间不宜过长.     

Antibacterial activity of SPIONs versus ferrous and ferric ions under aerobic and anaerobic conditions: a preliminary mechanism study

In modern medicine, major attention has been paid to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Recent studies have shown the antibacterial properties of SPIONs against some Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains. These nanoparticles (NPs) can bind to bacterial membranes via hydrophobic or electrostatic interactions and pass through cell barriers. In this study, the authors evaluated the antibacterial activity of magnetic NPs in comparison with ferrous and ferric ions. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the treated Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria were directly measured by fluorometric detection. The results showed that iron ions and SPIONs had significant dependent antimicrobial activities. SPIONs showed greater inhibitory effects than ferrous and ferric ions against the growth of treated bacterial strains under anaerobic conditions, while in aerobic conditions, ferrous showed the strongest antibacterial activity. In anaerobic conditions, they observed the greatest ROS formation and lowest minimum inhibitory concentration in the SPION‐treated group in comparison with the other groups. It seems that the release of iron ions from SPIONs and subsequent activation of ROS pathway are the main antibacterial mechanisms of action. Nevertheless, the greater antibacterial effect of SPIONs in anaerobic conditions represents other mechanisms involved in the antibacterial activity of these NPsInspec keywords: nanomagnetics, antibacterial activity, hydrophobicity, nanoparticles, superparamagnetism, biomedical materials, iron compounds, membranes, nanobiotechnologyOther keywords: ferrous ions, anaerobic conditions, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, antibacterial properties, bacterial membranes, electrostatic interactions, bacterial strains, aerobic conditions, SPION‐treated group, antibacterial effect, cell barriers, 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, reactive oxygen species, fluorometric detection, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli     

Chitosan–silver oxide nanocomposite film: Preparation and antimicrobial activity

The chitosan–silver oxide encapsulated nanocomposite film was prepared by solution casting method. The prepared film was characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal studies, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The elemental composition of the film was studied by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The antibacterial activity of the composite film against pathogenic bacteria viz. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was measured by agar diffusion method. Our observations suggest that chitosan as biomaterial based nanocomposite film containing silver oxide has an excellent antibacterial ability for food packaging applications.