化学工程与技术学科研究生创新能力培养的探讨

针对当前我国研究生创新能力不足的现状,借鉴欧美等发达国家著名高校研究生创新能力的培养模式,我们加强了化学工程与技术学科研究生创新能力培养的实施内容,建立了化学工程与技术学科研究生创新能力培养的新体系。     

化学工程与技术专业高水平创新应用型研究生人才培养模式的探索与实践

针对化学工程与技术专业研究生培养过程中,出现了培养模式单一、优质教学资源匮乏、实验操作技能差、应用思维能力弱化、科研创新能力不足等缺点,南昌航空大学环境功能材料教学团队以研究生创新能力培养为一条主线,以工程应用思维培养、功能材料实验技术方法培养和双导师制联合培养研究生为三大模式,以纳米材料、光催化分解水制氢、催化剂的设计合成及应用、催化剂可控合成及污染控制等四大创新研究方向为基石构建了独具特色的化学工程与技术专业研究生创新能力培养模式。实践发现,在此培养模式下能提升学科影响力与研究生培养质量,更利于创新型化学工程与技术专业研究生人才的培养。     

关键信息检索技能与化工类研究生科研创新能力培养的关系研究

化学工程与技术专业归属于实践类学科,主要是通过化学实验去探索或开发新物质、新材料的合成方法,在培养环节上要求研究生具备较强的动手能力及创新思维能力。从培养模式上相比,研究生与本科生在培养目标上的主要区别如下:研究生在学习过程中主要通过自主实践或实验培养独立动手能力、思维能力、科研创新能力以及逻辑思维能力;而本科生主要集中于培养扎实的专业基础知识。为提高本校研究生的科研创新能力和社会竞争力,本文拟结合化工学科关键信息检索的途径和方法,探讨化学工程与技术专业研究生的实践教学环节与培养质量,为社会培养高水平应用型研究人才。     

“双一流”背景下化工类研究生国际化培养体系构建与实践

研究生教育国际化对推动高校参与国际合作,扩大国际影响,建设世界一流高校和学科具有重要作用。中国矿业大学化学工程与技术学科以国际化培养平台为引领,通过国际化导师队伍建设、国际合作研究,多渠道派出与联合培养并举,构建了基于“合作项目-交流平台-学科建设-人才培养”的良性动态研究生国际化培养模式,显著提高了化工类研究生的国际化水平和创新能力。     

国内外高校工科研究生培养方案的比较——以化学工程与工艺专业为例

本文以化学工程与工艺专业为例,选取2007年国外学科排名前四的4所高校和国内学科排名前三的3所高校进行培养目标及方案的比较研究,主张以准确定位培养目标、合理的课程设置、加强学生实践能力及创新能力的培养来提高工科研究生培养的质量。     

对高校研究生创新能力培养的探索研究

研究生的创新能力培养是研究生教育的核心内容,更是提高研究生培养质量的重要标志。文章以我校化学工程与技术硕士点为例,从研究生的招生选拔、培养方案设置、学术环境建设、导师队伍建设、激励机制建设等方面出发,改革完善研究生的培养模式,全面提高研究生的创新能力和培养质量,努力培养适应社会发展的创新型人才。     

研究生高等化学工程与技术实验课程建设初探

针对应用化学专业硕士研究生实验技能的现状和存在的问题,本文从培养和提高研究生的实际动手能力、分析问题、解决问题能力和创新能力入手,提出在研究生培养过程中将高等化学工程与技术实验课程作为独立的课程进行建设的设想。并进一步从实验内容设置、实验过程设计、实验教师队伍建设、实验保障体系建设和实验室建设等方面进行了较详细地探讨。我们希望通过高等化学工程与技术实验课程建设,提高应用化学专业研究生的实践创新能力,为社会输送合格的人才。     

化学工程与技术学科的多层次多维度研究生创新人才培养模式的构建与实践

以新时代党中央倡导的"大众创业,万众创新"国家战略现实需要为出发点,针对化学工程与技术学科研究生培养方面存在的问题,进行了多层次多维度创新型研究生能力培养模式研究教学改革与实践,通过重塑"创新培养目标",增设"特色课程",搭建"实践创新平台",构建了纵横联体化研究生培养机制,凝炼出"一体系、三层次、五结合"的研究生创新人才新体系,更好地培养多层次多维度创新型的化学工程与技术学科研究生专业人才。     

新时代化工学科研究生教育的改革创新与实践———以浙江大学为例

研究生教育旨在为国家培养高层次人才,为全社会的创新创造提供支撑。在当前国家对高素质研究生需求增加的形势下,为了进一步提升研究生教育质量,浙江大学化学工程与技术学科持续推进课程体系改革,加强研究生能力与素质培养;落实立德树人根本任务,全面建设课程思政;基于产学研合作,强化专业学位研究生培养;强化培养全过程管理,深入推进国际交流。这一系列改革创新举措取得了良好成效,对新时代化工学科研究生教育有很好的借鉴意义。     

基于创新驱动发展战略的农林院校研究生教学改革与探索

针对我国地方农林院校研究生存在的实践操作能力弱、科研敏感性不强以及创新思维缺乏等问题,通过借鉴国内外顶尖高校研究生创新能力培养模式的成功改革经验,提出打破现有化学工程与技术专业研究生教育教学体系方案,研究地方农林院校研究生传统课程教学体系并对其进行改革与创新,建立以化工为主导并结合林业科学的交叉融合式创新教学新体系,力求突出地方农林院校鲜明的“林”字特色,为国家乃至世界培养具有创造性思维能力和工程化创新能力的高端专门人才。     

计量段结构对注塑螺杆建压能力的影响

采用IMP软件对不同结构形式的螺杆进行了模拟。针对该模拟软件的可靠性,设计了实验进行验证,并将实验结果与模拟结果进行对比,验证了该软件模拟的可靠性。然后采用该软件对不同结构注塑螺杆的塑化过程进行了模拟,该方法可以避免大量纷繁复杂的实验过程而获得规律性的结论。为了研究螺杆计量段槽深和导程对建压能力的影响,分别对不同槽深及不同导程的螺杆进行了模拟,得到不同螺杆结构的沿程压力,通过分析沿程压力曲线及压力梯度,得出螺杆计量段槽深和导程与建压能力的关系。结果表明,槽深和导程越小,螺杆的建压能力越强。     

The Crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the RAA System in Essential Hypertension—Analyses Using Systems Approach

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has affected and continues to affect millions of people across the world. Patients with essential arterial hypertension and renal complications are at particular risk of the fatal course of this infection. In our study, we have modeled the selected processes in a patient with essential hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffering from COVID-19, emphasizing the function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system. The model has been built in the language of Petri nets theory. Using the systems approach, we have analyzed how COVID-19 may affect the studied organism, and we have checked whether the administration of selected anti-hypertensive drugs (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)) may impact the severity of the infection. Besides, we have assessed whether these drugs effectively lower blood pressure in the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection affecting essential hypertensive patients. Our research has shown that neither the ACEIs nor the ARBs worsens the course infection. However, when assessing the treatment of hypertension in the active SARS-CoV-2 infection, we have observed that ARBs might not effectively reduce blood pressure; they may even have the slightly opposite effect. On the other hand, we have confirmed the effectiveness of arterial hypertension treatment in patients receiving ACEIs. Moreover, we have found that the simultaneous use of ARBs and ACEIs averages the effects of taking both drugs, thus leading to only a slight decrease in blood pressure. We are a way from suggesting that ARBs in all hypertensive patients with COVID-19 are ineffective, but we have shown that research in this area should still be continued.     

卫浴产品数字化技术应用前景与研究任务

针对卫浴产品研发的关键性技术问题,深入研究和广泛推广产品数字化技术,是提升我国卫浴企业市场竞争力,降低能耗量和水耗量必须做出的战略选择。讨论了卫浴产品数字化现状和发展趋势,指出了必须研究解决的关键性技术问题,并以坐便器为例提出了若干具体的研究目标。     

远程仿真化学实验室的建设

随着中国教育信息化技术迅猛发展,我们在我校已建设好的校园宽带网的基础上建立了远程仿真化学实验室。通过计算机多媒体技术开发使化学实验在计算机上的虚拟再现,并通过网络技术使在远端的计算机可以访问,实现对化学实验进行模拟操控,从而达到不用到实验室也可以进行仿真实验教学的目的。     

高压静电纺丝法制备聚酰亚胺超细纤维无纺布膜

采用制备聚合物纳米纤维的一种简易的重要基本方法,即静电纺丝技术,以实验室合成的聚酰胺酸（PAA）溶液为纺丝溶液,采用自制静电纺丝机进行电纺得到PAA纤维无纺布膜。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱分析技术对无纺布膜的化学结构进行了表征分析;由PAA及聚酰亚胺（PI）无纺布膜的谱图吸收峰对比分析得知,纤维热酰亚胺化的程度是比较完全的;但由相应吸收峰对比分析得知,热酰亚胺化的程度并没有达到100％。     

建设水污染控制工程多元化教学体系

笔者根据水污染控制工程课程的特点,在教学中建立学生的主体地位,采用先进的教学方法和手段,激发学生的兴趣,注重培养创新能力,夯实理论基础知识,将“水控”的理论教学和实验、实习与课程设计、教师科研课题等实践教学环节有机地结合在一起,相互补充,相互渗透。实践表明,学生的基础理论扎实,知识面宽,能成为适应新时代的高素质创新人才。     

New Developments and Possibilities in Reanalysis and Reinterpretation of Whole Exome Sequencing Datasets for Unsolved Rare Diseases Using Machine Learning Approaches

Rare diseases impact the lives of 300 million people in the world. Rapid advances in bioinformatics and genomic technologies have enabled the discovery of causes of 20–30% of rare diseases. However, most rare diseases have remained as unsolved enigmas to date. Newer tools and availability of high throughput sequencing data have enabled the reanalysis of previously undiagnosed patients. In this review, we have systematically compiled the latest developments in the discovery of the genetic causes of rare diseases using machine learning methods. Importantly, we have detailed methods available to reanalyze existing whole exome sequencing data of unsolved rare diseases. We have identified different reanalysis methodologies to solve problems associated with sequence alterations/mutations, variation re-annotation, protein stability, splice isoform malfunctions and oligogenic analysis. In addition, we give an overview of new developments in the field of rare disease research using whole genome sequencing data and other omics.     

Structural color films with lotus effects, superhydrophilicity, and tunable stop-bands

The structural blue color of a Morpho butterfly originates from the diffraction of light and interference effects due to the presence of the microstructures on the wing of the butterfly. Structural color on the surface of a damselfish reversibly changes between green and blue. Inspired by these creatures, we have been trying to prepare high-quality and functional structural color films. We describe our efforts in this Account. A useful technique to prepare such structural color films in colloidal solution is a "lifting" method, which allows us to quickly fabricate brilliant colloidal crystal films. The thicknesses of the films can be controlled by precisely adjusting the particle concentration and the lifting speed. Moreover, in order to prepare a complicated structure, we have used template methods. Indeed, we have successfully prepared the inverse structure of the wing of a Morpho butterfly with this technique. Initially, however, our structural color films had a whitish appearance due to the scattering of light by defects in the colloidal crystal film. Later, we were able to prepare a non-whitish structural color film by doping an appropriate dye in the colloidal particles to absorb the scattering light. In addition to the structural blue color, the wing of the Morpho butterfly has superhydrophobic properties. According to Wenzel's equation, the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties are enhanced when the roughness of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface is increased, respectively. Based on this mechanism, we have successfully prepared structural color films with superhydrophobic properties, as well as with superhydrophilic properties. Another important property that can be seen in nature is tunable structural color, such as the color change that can be seen on the surface of a damselfish. In order to mimic such color change, we have developed several tunable structural color films. In particular, we have successfully prepared phototunable photonic crystals using photoresponsive azobenzene derivatives. In order to apply these structural color films, we developed a technique for patterning them by taking advantage of the wettability of the substrate surface. These materials can be used in the future for self-cleaning pigments and tunable photonic crystals.     

Structural, Mechanical, and Reactivity Properties of Tricalcium Aluminate Using First-Principles Calculations

Although tricalcium aluminate (C₃A) is one of the most important components of Portland cement, neither its reactivity nor its elastic moduli tensor have been fully determined yet. This work aims to shed some insights on these questions by means of ab-initio simulations. First our simulations have reproduced the details of its crystalline structure. Second, we have computed the full elastic moduli tensor of C₃A, where we found that our value for the Young modulus ( E =138.7 GPa) is in agreement with the values obtained by nanoindentation measurements. Finally, we have identified which atoms and sites are more suitable to suffer chemical attacks.     

Computational Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry: From Childhood to Adolescence

Computational chemistry within the pharmaceutical industry has grown into a field that proactively contributes to many aspects of drug design, including target selection and lead identification and optimization. While methodological advancements have been key to this development, organizational developments have been crucial to our success as well. In particular, the interaction between computational and medicinal chemistry and the integration of computational chemistry into the entire drug discovery process have been invaluable. Over the past ten years we have shaped and developed a highly efficient computational chemistry group for small‐molecule drug discovery at Bayer HealthCare that has significantly impacted the clinical development pipeline. In this article we describe the setup and tasks of the computational group and discuss external collaborations. We explain what we have found to be the most valuable and productive methods and discuss future directions for computational chemistry method development. We share this information with the hope of igniting interesting discussions around this topic.