栀子根挥发油的成分分析

分别采用超临界CO2萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取栀子根的挥发油.并通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其进行分析,以峰面积归一化法对各组分进行定量计算.结果表明,超临界CO2萃取法提取物和水蒸气蒸馏法提取物中分别有65种物质和59种物质被鉴别,占总挥发油的86.546％和73.626％.     

重庆云阳杭白菊不同制备方法所得产品的成分分析

分析比较了超临界CO_2萃取法(SFE)、水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)以及乙醇回流提取法(ERE)制备的重庆云阳杭白菊提取产物,并用GC-MS法分析鉴定其化学成分。SFE法得率为3.2%,产物中鉴定出28个化合物;SD法得率为0.7%,产物中鉴定出28个化合物;ERE法得率为9.1%,产物中鉴定出27个化合物。同时将其与桐乡产杭白菊成分进行比较,发现主要成分基本一致,部分成分含量高于桐乡产杭白菊。     

超临界CO2流体萃取法提取小茴香挥发油化学成分的研究

采用超临界CO2流体萃取法(SFE)从小茴香中提取挥发油。用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对化学成分进行分析,共鉴定了50种成分,占挥发油总成分的81%以上。超临界CO2流体萃取法提取的挥发油能更真实、全面地反映小茴香中的化学成分。     

栀子根挥发油的成分分析

分别采用超临界C0：萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取栀子根的挥发油。并通过气相色谱一质谱联用技术对其进行分析,以峰面积归一化法对各组分进行定量计算。结果表明,超临界CO。萃取法提取物和水蒸气蒸馏法提取物中分别有65种物质和59种物质被鉴别,占总挥发油的86．546％和73．626％。     

不同方法提取白术花挥发油的比较研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏法和顶空固相微萃取法提取白术花挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱法(GCMS)对其成分进行鉴定,并用峰面积归一化法测定各组分相对含量。结果表明,从白术花挥发油中共鉴定出67个成分,共有成分28种。水蒸气蒸馏法和顶空固相微萃取法共有成分43种,各占其相对含量的89.89%和86.36%。3种方法提取的白术挥油存在一定差异,顶空固相微萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的白术花挥发油较为接近。     

八角茴香油的提取工艺和香气性能

以八角茴香果为原料,比较了超临界CO2流体萃取法(SFE)和水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)对八角茴香油的提取率和香气性能的影响。用正交设计方法,确定了超临界CO2流体萃取八角茴香油的最佳条件为:萃取压力13.8MPa,萃取温度40℃,萃取时间2 h。在该条件下,八角茴香油的萃取率为2.88%。相同的萃取条件下,用水蒸气蒸馏技术提取八角茴香油,精油萃取率为1.39%。通过气味指纹分析仪(电子鼻)检测和气味感官评定,对两种提取方法得到的八角茴香油的香气性能进行了比较,用SFE法所得八角茴香油的质量比SD法所得精油有明显改善,香气更完全,更具新鲜感和天然感。     

不同方法提取随手香挥发油的对比

目的分析不同方法提取随手香中挥发油的效果。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法和超声萃取法提取随手香中挥发油,用气象色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分离鉴定了其成分并测定了各成分相对质量分数。结果水蒸气蒸馏法挥发油提取率为2.92%,分别鉴定出45种化合物,占峰面积的89.8%,其中草蒿脑含量最高;超声萃取法挥发油提取率为1.9%,分别鉴定出60种化合物,占峰面积的90.54%,超声波萃取提取其中卅一烷含量最高。结论 2种提取方法提取的挥发油的组成有差异。     

不同方法提取白根独活挥发油的对比分析

用水蒸气蒸馏法、乙醚萃取法、超声波萃取法和微波萃取法提取了白根独活中的挥发油,用GC-MS分离鉴定了其成分并测定了各成分相对质量分数。水蒸气蒸馏法、乙醚萃取法、超声波萃取法和微波萃取法挥发油提取率分别为2.29%、3.27%、4.13%和3.78%,分别鉴定出21、24、38和23种化合物,其中共有化合物9种,即蒿苯内酯、α-甜没药醇、辛醛、2-壬酮、十六烷酸甲酯、2-甲基辛烷、(-)-蓝桉烯、3-甲基辛烷、壬烷,相对质量分数最高者为蒿苯内酯。4种不同提取方法所得的白根独活挥发油成分存在差异,但也有共同特征。超声波萃取法和微波萃取法提取挥发油得率更高,成分更全面。     

微波提取温莪术挥发油及其成分分析

研究了微波萃取技术提取温莪术挥发油的方法并分析了挥发油的成分及含量,对萃取功率、萃取时间和投料比进行了单因素考察,根据考察结果选择粉碎度、萃取时间和萃取功率进行正交实验设计,确定出微波萃取挥发油的最佳工艺条件,以出油率为指标与水蒸气蒸馏法和超临界CO2萃取法进行比较,并且用气质联用（GC-MS）分析比较挥发油的成分和含量。结果表明,微波萃取法的最佳工艺为小于38μm的莪术细粉加8倍量石油醚在700W的功率下萃取550s,其出油率为4.70%,挥发油中含姜黄醇、大根香叶酮和β-榄香烯,含量分别为0.82%、3.80%和1.94%。该方法提取速率快,出油率高,有效成分含量也较高,且挥发油质量较好,是较为理想的一种提取方法。     

超临界CO2流体萃取无花果挥发油化学组份的研究

本文采用超临界CO2 流体萃取无花果挥发油 ,平均出油率为 4 .35 %。利用气相色谱———质谱联用仪对无花果挥发油成分分离和鉴定了 6 1种成分 ,并用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的质量分数。发现与文献水蒸气蒸馏法所得之挥发油组分有相当差别。     

Extraction of essential oil from geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) with supercritical carbon dioxide

This study investigated the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of geranium essential oil from geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) using supercritical carbon dioxide solvent. The extraction yield was measured as a function of pressure, temperature and carbon dioxide flow rate. At low pressure (10 MPa) and high temperature (343 K), waxes were co‐extracted with the essential oil, resulting in artificially elevated essential oil extraction yields as no method was available with the SFE apparatus used to separate co‐extracted waxes and oil. At high pressure (30 MPa) and low temperature (313 K), the amount of wax co‐extracted decreased. Under these ‘optimum’ conditions, the extraction yield increased with decrease in flow rate giving a maximum extraction yield of 2.53%. All samples were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and the effect of pressure and extraction time on oil composition was studied. The percentage compositions of terpene hydrocarbons, terpenols, geraniol and geranyl esters were significantly affected by pressure and extraction time. The oil samples obtained by SFE were also compared with commercially obtained steam distilled samples. All major components of the commercially obtained oils were present in the SFE‐obtained oils; however, the percentage composition of the major components differed greatly between steam distilled and SFE oils. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of Operating Parameters on the Cinnamaldehyde Content of Extracted Essential Oil Using Various Methods

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of essential oils from commercial cinnamon bark was compared with essential oils that were obtained by hydrodistillation. Effects of operating parameters (pressure, temperature and extraction time of SFE) on the extraction yield and the composition of the extracted volatile oil were studied. Moreover, in the hydrodistillation process, the effect of the pH of the solvent on the concentration of cinnamaldehyde in the extracted volatile oil was studied. The maximum yield of extract in the SFE process is about 7.8 % at 70 °C and 240 bar. The maximum concentration of cinnamaldehyde in the SFE process was obtained at 70 °C and 160 bar, and the maximum concentration of this component in hydrodistillation was achieved at pH = 4.1.     

Chromenes from Ageratum conyzoides: Steam distillation,supercritical extraction,and mathematical modeling

The chromenes extraction processes from Ageratum conyzoides by steam distillation and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) were studied. Essential oil was extracted by saturated steam at 1.0 to 2.0 bar and the SFE was performed at 40ºC and 90 to 200 bar to obtain non-volatile extracts. The essential oil presented two major compounds—precocene I (28.24%) and precocene II (28.55%). At 90 bar, the SFE resulted in higher yield and selectivity for precocene I and II (65.06%). The yield of chromenes varied according to pressure of SFE; however, this behavior was not observed in extracts obtained by steam distillation.     

超临界CO_2流体萃取法提取香橼挥发油化学成分的研究

为了促进芸香科植物香橼在医药和精细化工等领域中的应用,该研究采用超临界CO2流体萃取法从香橼中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行了分析,共鉴定出49种成分,主要有亚油酸(质量分数32.09%)、棕榈酸(质量分数21.76%)、9-十八碳烯酸(质量分数9.93%)、D-柠檬烯(质量分数4.75%),已鉴定化合物种类占挥发油总成分的81.6%,占色谱总离子流出峰面积的95%。     

Optimization of ethanol modified supercritical carbon dioxide on the extract yield and antioxidant activity from Biebersteinia multifida DC

Essential oil of Biebersteinia multifida DC cultivated in Iran was obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods. The oil was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography using flame ionization and mass spectrometric detections. The effects of different parameters such as temperature, pressure, static extraction time, dynamic extraction time, and mole fraction of modifier on the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and radical scavenging activity of B. multifida oil were optimized using central composite design. Fifty two compounds were identified in the HD oil. The major components of B. multifida were (E)-Nerolidol (31.45%), Hexadecanoic acid (11.84%), Phytol (17.1%), and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (15.4%). However, by using supercritical carbon dioxide in optimum conditions, obtained only four components contain more than 91.74% of the essential oil. The optimum extraction yield and DPPH EC₅₀ via SFE method were 96% (w/w) and 27.19, respectively.     

超临界萃取荷花玉兰叶挥发油及其成分分析

用超临界CO2萃取荷花玉兰叶挥发油,对影响萃取效果的各因素用正交设计实验进行了优化。各因素影响大小的顺序为:温度>压力>时间。萃取的优化条件为:压力25 MPa,温度40℃,时间60 min。在最佳条件下荷花玉兰叶挥发油的收率为2.92%。用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对其化学成分进行了分析和鉴定,结果显示,从荷花玉兰叶挥发油中鉴定出了28种化合物。用气相色谱峰面积归一法测定了各组分的相对质量分数,总计占总峰面积的91.86%,其主要成分为:β-榄香烯(相对质量分数,下同,18.81%)、大根香叶烯D(8.13%)、β-丁香烯(7.18%)、植醇(7.18%)、大根香叶烯B(6.53%)、丁香烯氧化物(5.27%)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸乙酯(4.13%)和9,12-十八碳二烯酸乙酯(4.09%)。     

蒜头果挥发油化学成分研究

采用同时蒸馏萃取及水蒸气蒸馏方法分别提取新鲜蒜头果果皮中的挥发性成分,挥发油通过气相色谱-质谱联用法进行分离和鉴定,采用峰面积归一化法确定百分含量。从水蒸气蒸馏中分别鉴定出9种成分,分别占总量的96.62%和99.80%,这些成分主要是为苯甲醛、α-羟基-苯乙腈、苯甲醇、4-羟甲基苯甲酸甲酯和2-羟基-丙烷腈等成分。结果表明,采用同时蒸馏萃取法得到的挥发油得率(为1.23%)较水蒸气蒸馏方法 (为0.92%)高,所鉴定出来的挥发性成分含量占总量的比例较水蒸气蒸馏方法高,因此采用同时蒸馏萃取方法更适用于蒜头果果皮精油的提取。     

干姜的超临界萃取及其萃取物在卷烟中的应用

为了开发新型烟用香原料,用超临界萃取和水蒸气蒸馏的方法提取干姜萃取物,优化了超临界萃取工艺,用GC/MS法分析了萃取物中的主要成分,并将萃取物用于卷烟中。结果表明:①干姜超临界萃取的最佳工艺是,萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度55℃,萃取时间2h,CO2流量为2.5L/min,分离压力8MPa,分离温度45℃,在该工艺条件下萃取物得率为2.48%;②两种提取方法得到的萃取物有十八种共有成分,主要是姜烯、醛、酯类等,超临界萃取物成分更多,生姜特征香气更浓;③超临界萃取物应用于卷烟,具有改善香气质和香气量、丰富烟香、改善口感的作用,效果明显比水蒸气蒸馏萃取物好,更适合用作烟用香料。