Identification of meat species by TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay

In this study, a convenient, sensitive and specific real-time PCR assay was described for the species identification and their quantification in raw and cooked meat products. Specific primers and TaqMan probes were designed on the mitochondrial ND2, ND5 and ATP 6-8 genes for donkey, pork and horse, respectively, and the performance of the method was tested. In the results, no cross-reaction was observed between the donkey and pork species specific primer-probe systems and non-target species (bovine, ovine, chicken and turkey). Only one cross reaction was observed between the horse species specific primer-probe set and 100 ng pork DNA at the ct 33.01 level (corresponding to 0.01 ng horse DNA). The real-time quantitative assay used in this study allowed the detection of as little as 0.0001 ng template DNA from pure meat for each species investigated and experimental meat mixtures. In conclusion, it can be suggested that the TaqMan probe assay used in this research might be a rapid and sensitive method for the routine meat species identifications studies in raw or cooked meat products.     

Species identification in meat products using real-time PCR

One of the most convenient methods for the identification of animal species in processed meat products is the examination of DNA sequences. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) techniques are particularly suitable because even small fragments of DNA formed during heat processing of the meat can be amplified and identified. A real-time PCR method has been developed and evaluated for the identification of processed meat products. In test mixtures containing beef, pork, horse, mutton, chicken and turkey, it was possible to identify these species down to a level of 0.05%. By adjusting the number of cycles, it was possible to detect levels as low as 0.01% of these species. Cross-reactivity between these species was not found, except for pure horsemeat (250 ng DNA) in the assay for turkey meat. Cross-reactivity of deer, roe, ostrich, kangaroo, goat, domestic duck, mallard, goose, pigeon, guinea fowl, quail and pheasant was also investigated and it was found that amounts as high as 250 ng DNA of these species in the reaction vial did not result in (false) positive signals except for amounts higher than 125 ng deer DNA and higher than 50 ng pigeon DNA in the determination of chicken and beef, respectively. More than 150 meat samples were examined using DNA hybridization and real-time PCR. A comparison of the results showed a better performance of the real-time procedure compared to DNA hybridization.     

应用实时荧光PCR技术量化检测羊肉中猪源性和鸡源性成份

目的建立羊肉中猪源性成份和鸡源性成份的定量检测方法。方法以新鲜羊、猪和鸡瘦肉为样本提取DNA分子作为检测模板,针对基因组中单拷贝基因设计特异性的引物和探针,应用荧光实时定量PCR技术对模板DNA进行扩增。通过绘制扩增标准曲线和确定羊、猪和鸡的质量与DNA比值常数,对4种不同掺混比例的混合肉样进行定量分析。结果检测质量百分比的绝对误差可以控制在7%以内,量化结果基本准确。结论对于组织成份单一的样品,可以通过在基因组单拷贝基因上设计特异性的引物,利用PCR技术实现在质量水平上对食品中动物源性成份的量化分析,该技术方法的建立可以为肉类掺假的监管工作提供有力的技术支撑。     

食品中椰毒假单胞菌酵米亚种实时荧光PCR检测的研究

目的建立食品中椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种实时荧光PCR检测方法。方法根据椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种16S～23S rRNA基因片段序列,用Oligo7设计一对特异性引物和一个TaqMan探针,摸索最佳退火温度,最佳引物和探针浓度,建立椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种实时荧光PCR检测方法。通过对唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌以及22种其他标准菌株进行实时荧光PCR检测,验证本法的特异性和抗干扰性。同时从菌液浓度和DNA浓度水平上进行研究,确定该检测方法的灵敏度。结果用该方法检测23种菌,除唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌外,其他22种细菌均为阴性。抗干扰性试验显示杂菌对检测结果不影响,本法抗干扰能力强。通过灵敏度试验的研究,确定本法检测椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种的菌液灵敏度为1×10~2 CFU/mL,DNA灵敏度为250 fg/μL。结论本试验设计的引物和探针具有较强特异性、抗干扰性以及灵敏度,该方法具有很好的研究价值和应用前景。     

Detection of viable Salmonella in lettuce by propidium monoazide real-time PCR

Contamination of lettuce by Salmonella has caused serious public health problems. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria in food, but it is inaccurate as it might amplify DNA from dead target cells as well. This study aimed to investigate the stability of DNA of dead Salmonella cells in lettuce and to develop an approach to detecting viable Salmonella in lettuce. Salmonella-free lettuce was inoculated with heat-killed Salmonella Typhimurium cells and stored at 4 °C. Bacterial DNA extracted from the sample was amplified by real-time PCR targeting the invA gene. Our results indicate that DNA from the dead cells remained stable in lettuce for at least 8 d. To overcome this limitation, propidium monoazide (PMA), a dye that can selectively penetrate dead bacterial cells and cross-link their DNA upon light exposure, was combined with real-time PCR. Lettuce samples inoculated with different levels of dead or viable S. Typhimurium cells were treated or untreated with PMA before DNA extraction. Real-time PCR suggests that PMA treatment effectively prevented PCR amplification from as high as 10(8) CFU/g dead S. Typhimurium cells in lettuce. The PMA real-time PCR assay could detect viable Salmonella at as low as 10(2) CFU/mL in pure culture and 10(3) CFU/g in lettuce. With 12-h enrichment, S. Typhimurium of 10(1) CFU/g in lettuce was detectable. In conclusion, the PMA real-time PCR assay provides an alternative to real-time PCR assay for accurate detection of Salmonella in food.     

Detection of chicken meat in raw meat mixtures by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay

A double-antibody sandwich ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) has been successfully developed for the detection of low levels of chicken meat (1–30%) in unheated meat mixtures. The assay uses chicken-specific antibodies, obtained by immunoadsorption of the crude chicken antisera onto immobilized sarcoplasmic extracts from beef, pig and horse, to remove cross-reacting antibodies. The purified antibodies, bound to the wells of a microtitre plate, sequester chicken muscle soluble proteins from saline extracts of meat mixtures. Immuno-recognition is made with similar purified antibodies conjugated to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase. Subsequent enzymic conversion of substrate gives clear optical density differences, when assaying minced beef and pig containing variable amounts of chicken meat.     

Detection of meat species using TaqMan real-time PCR assays

Species-specific real-time PCR (TaqMan) assays were developed for detection of beef, pork, lamb, chicken and turkey. Assays were developed around small (amplicons <150 base pairs) regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene. Speciation was achieved using species-specific primers. For detection purposes, two TaqMan probes were developed; the first was specific to the mammalian species (beef, lamb and pork), the second to the poultry species (chicken and turkey). Normal end-point TaqMan PCR conditions were applied; however, PCR was limited to 30 cycles. Applying the assays to DNA extracts from raw meat admixtures, it was possible to detect each species when spiked in any other species at a 0.5% level. The absolute level of detection, for each species, was not determined; however, experimentally determined limits for beef, lamb and turkey were below 0.1%.     

实时荧光定量PCR技术在肉及肉制品中的应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术作为一种DNA定量检测的工具,可应用于肉制品种类鉴别和定量分析中。相比于传统感官和理化的鉴别方法,该技术具有灵敏性高、特异性强、操作简便、省时省力等特点。使用Taq Man荧光探针和荧光染料可以直接测定PCR循环后产物的总量,确定扩增DNA片段的种类及数量,从而确定肉品种类及添加量。因此,可以将该技术应用到肉制品成分及安全的检测中。本文介绍了实时荧光定量PCR技术的基本原理,主要综述了该技术在肉品种类鉴定方面的应用,简述其在肉制品细菌污染检测的应用,并对该技术在肉类研究中的应用进行展望。      

荧光定量PCR方法检测畜肉食品中猪源性成分

目的 建立一种快速、特异、灵敏的猪源性成分检测方法。方法 本研究以猪线粒体12S rRNA基因序列为靶位点设计引物和探针, 进行荧光定量PCR扩增, 建立猪源性成分检测方法; 以常见畜禽肉包括羊肉、牛肉、鸡肉、鹅肉、鸭肉、兔肉、马肉、鹿肉等参考动物物种作特异性检测; 以50 mg/kg羊肉DNA作为稀释液对猪肉DNA进行梯度稀释, 做灵敏度检测。结果 该方法能够有效对猪源性成分进行快速检测, 具有较强的特异性, 灵敏度较高(可达0.1 μg/kg)并且羊肉成分的存在对猪肉灵敏度检测没有影响。结论 该方法特异性强, 灵敏度高, 可以快速、准确检测畜肉食品中含有的猪源性成分。     

Quantitative detection of Secale cereale by real-time PCR amplification

Wheat, barley, rye free diet is required to control coeliac disease and therefore adequate analytical tools are necessary to check gluten-free products. At the moment, official analytical methods are based on immunochemical assays for gliadin detection. However, DNA-based methods for detection of specific sequences have been extensively proposed as alternative to the protein-based ones, e.g. for transgenic contamination analysis. The aim of this work has been to develop an alternative quantification method for rye-content evaluation in raw materials and processed food based on real-time PCR approach using both SYBR green detection system and TaqMan fluorogenic probe.     

聚合酶链式反应法检测饲料中鸡源性成分

选择鸡线粒体DNA为研究对象,通过特异性引物,建立了饲料中鸡源性成分的PCR检测方法,该方法的最低检出限为0.1%。运用该方法成功检测出饲料中的鸡源性成分。该方法具有很高的特异性和灵敏性,而且简便易行,可以作为鸡源性成分鉴别检测的常规方法。     

实时荧光PCR法检测鼠伤寒沙门氏菌

目的 建立实时荧光PCR法检测鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的方法。方法 基于鼠伤寒沙门氏菌II型限制酶基因, 设计引物及Taqman探针, 利用实时荧光PCR进行特异性、灵敏性及模拟样品的检测实验。结果 特异性探针可从25种血清型沙门氏菌(共49株)及11株阴性对照菌株中检测出全部的11株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。以鼠伤寒沙门氏菌梯度稀释菌液DNA为模板进行实时荧光PCR实验, 菌株模板浓度与Ct值呈良好线性关系, 线性系数(R2)为0.998, 扩增效率90%, 最低检测浓度300 cfu/mL。对已接种鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的4种模拟样品同时进行实时荧光PCR检测和传统方法鉴定, 两者结果一致。结论 此方法特异、灵敏、准确, 适于食品中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的检测。     

TaqMan探针用于转基因食品的荧光定量PCR检测

选择了内源基因大豆植物凝集素 (lectin)、玉米转化酶 (invertase)和外源基因抗草甘膦除草剂的 5 烯醇式丙酮酰莽草酸 3 磷酸合成酶 (cp4epsps)、抗欧洲玉米螟的苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫毒蛋白 (cryIAb)的TaqMan探针 ,确定了探针浓度和镁离子浓度等反应条件 ,分别对转基因大豆和转基因玉米系列标准品进行内源基因和外源基因的荧光PCR扩增 ,在PCR反应过程中分别以TET和FAM两种荧光通道信号分别追踪同一样品DNA的内源基因和外源基因的扩增动力学变化 ,并依此绘制了ΔCt值与转基因食品百分比含量之间的标准曲线 ,建立了转基因大豆和转基因玉米的TaqMan -荧光定量PCR检测方法 ,该方法具有探针设计较简便、成本较低的特点 ,初步实现了对转基因食品的定量分析及品种鉴定。     

应用PCR技术检测食用油中鸡和牛源成分

研究了应用PCR技术检测不同来源食用油中鸡、牛源成分,探讨PCR技术在食用油中动物源性成分检测中的可行性。结果发现:食用油5和6的鸡源成分检测为阴性,食用油4和5的牛源成分检测为阴性,但在食用油1、2、3中的鸡、牛源成分检测均为阳性,食用油4的鸡源成分检测为阳性,食用油6的牛源成分检测为阳性,表明PCR技术在食用油中动物源性成分检测中的应用是可行的。     

实时荧光PCR法检测肉制品中猪源性成分

目的S建立一个高特异性和高灵敏度的有效检测猪源性成分的检测方法。方法S以猪雌激素受体基因设计合成一对特异性引物,采用液氮研磨结合试剂盒抽提的方法提取猪肉中的DNA,分别以300S,30S,3S,0.3S和0.03Sng为模板量进行梯度反应,基于荧光定量PCR技术(SYBR法)建立检测方法。结果S以Ct值作为纵坐标,以lgXS(X为DNA的量,ng)的值作为横坐标,得到标准曲线方法Ct=30.473-3.542lgX,SR2=0.9997;该方法的检测灵敏度达到2 Spg。结论S该猪源性成分检测方法简单快捷,特异性和重复性好,灵敏度高,可作为市场监督和检测鉴定的可行性方法。     

实时荧光PCR技术快速检测奶制品中掺入的大米源性成分

目的:建立基于实时荧光PCR技术的奶制品中掺入大米源性成分的快速检测方法。方法:以水稻的根部表达基因(gos9)为靶基因设计特异性引物和探针,经特异性实验和灵敏度实验验证引物探针可行性,并经模拟含大米奶粉及市售奶类制品检测验证其实际检测能力。结果:该引物探针体系只针对大米DNA进行扩增,与奶类主成分牛、羊及其它谷类和植物性食物DNA均无交叉扩增;最低能检测到0.1ng的大米DNA,对含大米粉的模拟混合奶粉样品,检出限可达0.1%(W/W)。将其应用于21份市售奶制品样品检测,对含大米源性成分的奶制品扩增阳性,检测结果与食品标签相符。结论:该实时荧光PCR检测体系具有快速、特异、灵敏的优点,可以准确鉴定出奶制品中大米成分,适用于奶类中掺加大米源性成分的检测。      

利用实时荧光PCR方法检测转Bt基因大米

应用实时荧光PCR技术对转基因大米进行了定性和定量检测研究.本研究以转基因B163大米为材料,采用TaqMan探针技术,对大米中的内源基因蔗糖磷酸合酶SPS和转基因水稻中普遍存在的外源基因CaMV35S启动子、NOS终止子以及苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillusthndngiemis,简写为Bt)杀虫晶体蛋白基因Cry1Ac进行了实时荧光PCR研究,并对外源基因Cry1Ac进行了定量检测和敏感性分析.该实时荧光PCR方法检测结果和常规PCR结果一致,同时不用进行凝胶电泳,更为快速、简便,降低了污染机会,可用于转Bt基因大米的定性和定量检测.     

Detection of Brettanomyces spp. in Red Wines Using Real-Time PCR

The question if the "Brett character" is a favorable wine attribute is one of the most controversial issues and it is currently addressed by many researches. Actually, the presence of Brettanomyces/Dekkera in wine during barrel aging is often associated to detrimental organoleptic characteristics depending on the release of volatile phenols (for example, 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol); for that reason the possibility to rapidly detect the yeast at the early stage of wine production could allow preventive actions to reduce wine spoilage. In this work, 25 and 5 samples from conventional and organic vineyards, respectively, all suspected to be spoiled by Brettanomyces/Dekkera spp., were analyzed using both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. In particular, a DNA extraction protocol and a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to directly detect and quantify B. bruxellensis were optimized. Results showed that B. bruxellensis was present in 22 of 30 samples, ranging from 10 to 10(4) CFU/mL, lower values being found in organic wines (10 to 10(2) CFU/mL). Overall, qPCR was proved to be a useful and valuable wine control system, since 12 samples were recorded as positive for yeast presence when analyzed by qPCR and negative in case of plate count analyses. Practical Application: Brettanomyces cells were detected using a qPCR method, optimized in this study, which allows to obtain results quickly.