分布式自动删除平均恒虚警率检测技术

根据自动删除平均算法提出了一种新的分布式多传感器的目标检测算法. 在该方法中, 首先根据自动删除平均算法(Censored cell-averaging, CCA)得到各传感器的杂波/噪声电平估计, 然后将检测单元电平与得到的杂波/噪声电平估计值相比较, 得到有无目标的局部判决,并将其传送到融合中心. 融合中心采用"k/N'融合准则得到有无目标的全局判决. 其中, 自动删除平均算法的优势明显, 它不需要干扰的先验信息, 可以容纳的干扰目标数不会像顺序统计量OS (k) (Order statistics)方法那样受指定k值的限制, 更接近实际. 自动删除平均算法还可以检测本身可能是目标的干扰. 在假定目标服从Swerling 2型起伏的情况下, 导出了相应的检测概率与虚警概率解析表达式. 多种检测器数值和图表分析的比较结果表明了该方法的有效性和优越性.     

一种改进MVI-CFAR检测器的性能分析

VI-CFAR检测器在均匀环境和非均匀环境下均具有较强的自适应性,但若前后两个参考滑窗均存在干扰目标时,VI-CFAR检测性能急剧下降。为克服该问题,本文采用有序统计平均CFAR和有序统计选小CFAR来替代VI-CFAR中最小选择CFAR。所提出的算法不但解决了干扰目标位置随机分布的问题,还解决了当其中一个滑窗的干扰目标数超过最大容限时检测性能下降的问题。在参考滑窗中干扰目标个数与扰噪比均不相同的情况下,分析了统计量VI的变化,有助于评估和设计VI-CFAR类检测器在多目标环境下抗干扰目标的最大容限。仿真结果表明,该改进算法提高了VI-CFAR在多目标环境下的鲁棒性,与其他改进算法相比,其排序处理时间降低一倍。     

机场跑道异物监测雷达的杂波图恒虚警率检测

随天线扫描平稳变化的强地杂波是实现机场跑道异物(FOD)检测的主要干扰,传统的空域恒虚警率(CFAR)处理不能有效地检测到目标,针对上述问题,提出了一种单元平均杂波图恒虚警率检测算法。首先基于系统特性和跑道环境建立了回波信号模型;然后通过杂波图划分、单元平均、递归滤波等处理技术,实现了距离—方位二维恒虚警率检测;最后进一步分析影响检测性能的主要参数。仿真结果表明,所提算法在低信杂比背景下能有效检测到弱目标,并获得较高的检测概率。     

非均匀杂波环境下基于贝叶斯方法的自适应检测

对于非均匀杂波环境下信号自适应检测问题,由于待测数据样本的协方差矩阵与训练数据的协方差矩阵不相同,造成检测性能下降, 针对此问题本文提出了基于贝叶斯方法的广义似然比检测器(Bayesian generalized likelihood ratio test, B-GLRT). 通过对非均匀杂波环境下协方差矩阵间的关系进行统计建模,使在B-GLRT的设计过程中能够结合杂波的非均匀性, 并且这种非均匀性在统计模型中可以通过标量参数调节.同时通过对协方差矩阵选择合适的先验分布, 使B-GLRT能够融合有助于提高检测性能的先验知识. 通过仿真实验,验证了B-GLRT的检测性能高于传统的非贝叶斯检测器,并且分析了杂波环境非均匀性和先验信息对自适应检测性能的影响.     

一种新的基于UMVE和CA的恒虚警检测器

在雷达自动检测系统中,通常是将自动检测和恒虚警(CFAR)技术结合使用以保持在变化的杂波环境中获得可预测的检测性能和恒定虚警率.将无偏最小方差估计(UMVE)方法和单元平均(CA)方法结合,提出了一种新的恒虚警检测器(MUMCA-CFAR).采用UMVE和CA方法产生两个局部估计.再取二者的平均值作为背景噪声功率水平估计.在Swer-lingⅡ型目标假设下,推导出了MUMCA-CFAR在均匀背景下虚警概率和检测概率及多目标环境下检测概率的解析表达式.并与其它方法作了比较,结果表明该检测器在均匀背景和多目标环境下均具有相当优越的检测性能.     

一种基于二次Gamma核的SAR图像舰船目标检测方法

针对CFAR检测方法在强海杂波环境中虚警率过高的问题,该文提出了利用二次Gamma核的目标检测方法对SAR图像舰船目标进行检测。该方法可以克服CFAR目标检测方法的缺陷,在强海杂波环境中能有效检测目标,通过实验证明了该方法大大提高了图像的平均信杂比,降低了检测的虚警率。     

一种基于自适应背景杂波模型的宽幅SAR图像CFAR舰船检测算法

利用海洋宽幅SAR图像进行大范围海域舰船检测在海洋监视、军事侦察等方面具有重要应用。由于海况的复杂性,宽幅SAR图像背景杂波特性随海域不同而变化。采用双参数CFAR检测算法和基于K分布CFAR检测算法在处理宽幅SAR图像时,由于在待检测的所有区域采用同种背景杂波模型,导致使用的杂波模型在不适应区域失配,使CFAR检测性能下降。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于自适应背景杂波模型的CFAR宽幅SAR图像舰船检测算法,该算法通过背景窗口的多尺度统计方差判断目标所处的杂波环境,自适应选择对应的背景杂波分布模型,最后根据已知的恒虚警率及选择的杂波概率密度函数进行CFAR检测。对20多幅宽幅SAR图像进行了试验,实验结果表明:该算法在检测精度上有明显的改善。     

基于自动删除算法的分布式CFAR检测算法

研究分布式恒虚警(CFAR)检测系统在非均匀干扰背景中进行优化检测.针对多传感器分布式恒虚警检测系统在非均匀干扰背景中容易出现检测概率下降或者虚警率提高的问题,提出了一种基于自动删除算法的分布式恒虚警检测算法.算法是一种基于局部检测统计量的分布式CFAR检测算法,充分利用了局部检测器的观测信息,提高了检测性能,同时采用...     

舰载雷达环境下CFAR模块的设计与实现

在舰载雷达目标检测系统中,回波中的杂波与噪声严重影响了系统的检测性能,为此设计了基于FPGA的抗恶劣环境舰载雷达(CFAR)模块.该模块采用抗多目标干扰能力优良的GO-CFAR处理方式,通过数据处理、流水处理排序以及数据流调节等方法加以实现.该模块与传统的恒虚警检测器相比,明显地改善了系统的稳定性和检测性能.     

利用高斯混合模型的SAR图像目标CFAR检测新方法

SAR（合成孔径雷达）图像杂波分布模型种类繁多且对实际地物的建模能力有限。在使用基于杂波统计模型的CFAR(恒虚警率)算法对SAR图像进行目标检测时,杂波统计模型的失配会导致检测结果产生较大的CFAR损失,算法精度不高。提出了一种基于高斯混合模型的CFAR检测新方法。该方法以理论上可以拟合任意形状概率密度分布的高斯混合模型对实际SAR图像的背景杂波进行拟合,利用拟合后得到的分布模型,根据CFAR检测的原理推导出目标检测阈值的计算公式完成目标的检测。新方法对服从不同分布模型的背景杂波,使用形式上统一的模型进行描述,克服了CFAR检测高度依赖背景杂波分布的缺点,提高了CFAR的通用性。实验结果表明,即使在背景杂波类型未知的情况下,新方法依然得到了良好的目标检测效果。     

Constant false alarm rate detector based on the maximal reference cell

In order to improve the detection performance of constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detectors in multiple targets situations, a CFAR detector based on the maximal reference cell (MRC) named MRC-CFAR is proposed. In MRC-CFAR, a comparison threshold is generated by multiplying the amplitude of MRC by a scaling factor. The number of the reference cells left, whose amplitudes are smaller than the comparison threshold, is counted and compared with a threshold integer. Based on the comparison result, proper reference cells are selected for detection threshold computation. A closed-form analysis for MRC-CFAR in both homogeneous and non-homogeneous environments is presented. The performance of MRC-CFAR is evaluated and compared with other CFAR detectors. MRC-CFAR exhibits a very low CFAR loss in a homogeneous environment and performs robustly during clutter power transitions. In multiple targets situations, MRC-CFAR achieves a much better detection performance than switching CFAR (S-CFAR) and order-statistic CFAR (OS-CFAR). Experiment results from an X-band linear frequency modulated continuous wave radar system are given to demonstrate the efficiency of MRC-CFAR. Because ranking reference cells is not required for MRC-CFAR, the computation load of MRC-CFAR is low; it is easy to implement the detector in radar system in practice.     

Adaptive subspace detection of range-distributed target in compound-Gaussian clutter

This paper deals with high-resolution radar (HRR) adaptive detection of range-distributed target embedded in compound-Gaussian clutter which is modeled as a spherically invariant random process (SIRP). Using multiple dominant scattering (MDS) model of range-distributed target, we justify that range-distributed target can be modeled as a subspace random signal. The unknown deterministic parameters are replaced by their ML estimates and then the nonadaptive detector is proposed. A closed-form expression for the probability of false alarm of the nonadaptive detector is derived and it ensures CFAR property with respect to the unknown statistics of the clutter texture component. Moreover, an adaptive detector is obtained relying on a two-step GLRT-based design procedure. Performances of these proposed detectors are assessed through Monte Carlo simulations and are shown to have better detection performance compared with existing similar detector.     

复杂大交通场景弱小目标检测技术

针对现有基于大数据和深度学习的目标检测框架对于高分辨率复杂大场景中低分辨率小目标识别效果较差、多目标检测的精度和实时性难以平衡的问题,改进了基于深度学习的目标检测框架 SSD（single shot multibox detector）,提出一种改进的多目标检测框架DRZ-SSD,将其专用于复杂大交通场景多目标检测。检测以从粗到细的策略进行,分别训练一个低分辨率粗略检测器和一个高分辨率精细检测器,对高分辨率图像进行下采样获得低分辨率版本,设计了一种基于增强学习的动态区域放大网络框架（DRZN）,动态放大低分辨率弱小目标区域至高分辨率再使用精细检测器进行检测识别,剩余图像区域使用粗略检测器进行检测,对弱小目标的检测与识别精度以及运算效率的提高效果明显;采用模糊阈值法调整自适应阈值策略在避免适应数据集的同时提高模型的决策能力,显著降低了检测漏警率和虚警率。实验表明,改进后的DRZ-SSD在应对弱小目标、多目标、杂乱背景、遮挡等检测难度较大的情况时,均能获得较好的效果。通过在指定数据集上的测试,相比于其他基于深度学习的目标检测框架,各类目标识别的平均准确率提高了4%~15%,平均准确率均值提高了约9%~16%,多目标检测率提高了13%~34%,检测识别速率达到38 fps,实现了算法精度与运行速率的平衡。     

Matrix CFAR detectors based on symmetrized Kullback–Leibler and total Kullback–Leibler divergences

Target detection in clutter is a fundamental problem in radar signal processing. When the received radar signal contains only few pulses, it is difficult to achieve a satisfactory performance using the traditional detection algorithm. In recent times, a generalized constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector on the Riemannian manifold of Hermitian positive-definite (HPD) matrix was proposed. The employment of this detector, which compares the Riemannian distance between the covariance matrix of the cell under test (CUT) and an average matrix of reference cells with a given threshold, has significantly improved the detection performance. However, the application of this detector in real scenarios is still limited by two problems; it is computationally expensive and the detection performance is not very good since the Riemannian distance is utilized. In this paper, the symmetrized Kullback–Leibler (sKL) and the total Kullback–Leibler (tKL) divergences, instead of the Riemannian distance, are used as dissimilarity measures in the matrix CFAR detector. According to sKL and tKL divergences, three average matrices, the sKL mean, the sKL median, and the tKL t center, are derived. Furthermore, the relationship between the detection performance and the anisotropy of the distance measure used in the matrix CFAR detector is explored. Numerical experiments and real radar sea clutter data are given to confirm the superiority of the proposed algorithms in terms of the computational complexity and the detection performance.     

分布式自适应CMLWCA CFAR检测方法

针对分布式多传感器系统中不同传感器的信噪比会影响检测决策,提出一种利用各传感器信噪比决定其权值的自适应删除均值加权单元平均（CMLWCA）恒虚警率（CFAR）检测的新方法．在假定目标服从Swerling II起伏的情况下,导出了相应的检测概率与虚警概率闭式解．多种检测器数值分析的比较结果表明了该方法的有效性和优越性．     

基于SAR图像目标检测的优化CFAR检测器算法研究

在目前的SAR目标检测中CFAR检测器被广泛的应用,而对相同或不同分辨率的图像,优化的CFAR检测器可以作为无偏检测。本文对优化的CFAR．检测器进行了研究。     

Performance analysis of ordered CFAR detectors for MIMO radars

Ordered statistics is one of the proposed solutions to improve the detection in a multiple target environment. Some variants of this technique have been proposed for the SISO (Single Input Single Output) radars such as the OS-CFAR (Ordered Statistics CFAR), the GOSCA-CFAR (Generalized Ordered Statistics, Cell Averaging CFAR), the OSGO-CFAR (Ordered Statistics Greatest Of CFAR) and the OSSO-CFAR (Ordered Statistics Smallest Of CFAR) to deal with multiple target situations. In this paper, we generalize these CFAR detectors for the MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) radars with three different schemes. We derive closed-form expressions of the probability of false alarm (Pfa) and the probability of detection (Pd) in a homogeneous environment for two schemes. The performance of these detectors for a non-homogeneous clutter environment (presence of interfering targets and clutter edge) has been assessed and compared. The results obtained showed that the best performance is obtained by the OSSO-CFAR.     

A scheme for ship detection in inhomogeneous regions based on segmentation of SAR images

Ship detection in inhomogeneous regions using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is usually confronted with the severe heterogeneities of the oceans; this paper proposes a new detection scheme to overcome this problem. At first, an object‐oriented segmentation algorithm is employed to partition the whole SAR image into several uniform regions. Then, for each partitioned region within water areas, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test is applied to select the optimal background distribution model, and ship detection is carried out using the adaptive constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector based on the selected probability density function. Finally, the detection results of each region are merged. An experiment based on an ENVISAT ASAR image of the Yangtze estuary show that the proposed strategy can effectively deal with heterogeneous scenarios in inhomogenous regions and greatly improves the detection results.     

Efficient resource allocation scheme for multi-service based on interference mitigation in LTE-Advanced networks

The exponential growth of various services demands the increased capacity of the next-generation broadband wireless access networks, which is toward the deployment of femtocell in macrocell network based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access. However, serious time-varying interference obstructs this macro/femto overlaid network to realize its true potential. In this article, we present a macro services guaranteed resource allocation scheme, which can mitigate various dominant interferences and provide multiple services in macro/femto overlaid Third-Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution-Advanced networks. We model our multiple services resource allocation scheme into a multiobjective optimization problem, which is a non-deterministic polynomial-time （NP）-hard problem. Then, we give a low-complexity algorithm consisting of two layers based on chordal graph. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme can achieve better efficiency than the previous works and raise the satisfaction ratio of Guaranteed Bit Rate （GBR） services while improving the average performance of non-GBR services.