B—A型双圆锥定向流探测器实验研究

研制了一台B-A型双圆锥定向流探测器,并建立了一个实验系统对定向流探测器的准直性进行了测试.结果显示B-A型双圆锥定向流探测器的准直性较高;随双圆锥间距增大,探测器准直性增强.探测器在轨测量时的实际准直性可能比在地面实验中所测得的准直性更好.     

可变翼极高真空轨道分子屏研究

本文提出可变翼极高真空轨道分子屏的概念,建立了理论模型,推导出了压力表达式,计算了该分子屏的极限压力及压力曲线,翼长、翼角和压力的关系曲线.结果表明:可变翼极高真空轨道分子屏选择一定长度的翼及适当的翼角,可获得比普通分子屏低一个多量级的极限压力,达到10-13 Pa,低压工作区域也扩大了4～5倍.可变翼极高真空轨道分子屏理论的建立,会推动分子屏技术应用的发展.     

涡轮分子泵入口结构改进的计算研究北大核心CSCD

针对涡轮分子泵的入口管道束流效应和涡轮端盖反射效应对传输几率的不利影响、以及大口径涡轮分子泵与小型仪器相连接的难题,本文提出分子泵入口结构的改进方案:将涡轮转子的平板端盖改成锥形反射屏结构,把过渡连接件做成圆弧过渡段结构。文中根据实际结构参数,建立了不同结构类型的计算模型,采用试验粒子蒙特卡洛方法,基于自由分子流态基本假设,利用Molflow+软件,计算了各个结构模型的传输几率。计算结果表明:当倾角α的取值范围在60°～70°、圆锥底角β的取值范围在25°～45°之间时,理论上可将涡轮分子泵的抽气速率提升5%左右。     

轨道分子屏极高真空系统的抽气方程

地面真空系统中,气体处于封闭的真空容器内,达到平衡状态时,真空系统的抽气方程式是:P=Q/S;轨道分子屏系统是开放的,或者说具有部分真空容器,相应的抽气方程应该是怎样的形式呢?本文提出了一个物理模型,推导出了半球型及球冠型轨道分子屏极高真空系统的抽气方程.通过解含时间的微分方程,可得到相同的抽气方程.该方程适用于其它形状的轨道分子屏极高真空系统.     

轨道分子屏出气对尾区真空环境影响的理论计算

运用稳定分子流密度非平衡态理论，推导了几种分子屏出气形成的气体密度和压力分布计算工，给出了数值结果。     

YAG单晶刻面发光屏的研究

开发了用于投影显示的Lu3 ,Ga3 双掺杂的Ce,Tb∶YAG单晶绿色发光屏 ,但这种发光屏的外发光效率相对较低。一种截顶圆锥结构可以大大提高出射光通量 ,理想状况下可使外发光效率达到原来的 5 2倍。在详细分析了这种理想发光模型之后 ,采用晶体的各向异性腐蚀工艺形成了具有近似这种结构的网状刻面屏 ,外发光效率提高到原来的 2 3倍。     

轨道分子屏出气对尾区真空环境影响的理论计算

运用稳定分子流密度非平衡态理论，推导了几种分子屏出气形成的气体密度和压力分布计算式，给出了数值结果。     

YAG单晶刻面发光屏的研究

开发了用于投影显示的Ｌｕ＾３＋，Ｇａ＾３＋双掺杂的Ｃｅ，Ｔｂ：ＹＡＧ单晶绿色发光屏，但这种发光屏的外发光效率相对较低。一种截顶圆锥结构可以大大提高出射光通量，理想状况下可使发光效率达到原来的５．２倍。在详细分析了这种理想发光模型之后，采用晶体的各向异性腐蚀工艺形成了具有近似这种结构的网状刻面屏，外发光效率提高到原来的２．３倍。     

组合式双圆锥耗能器的设计与性能模拟分析

设计了组合式双圆锥耗能器,阐述了其构造和耗能原理,采用有限元软件对18个不同尺寸的双圆锥耗能元件和3个不同组装方式的双圆锥耗能器进行了数值仿真分析,研究了不同设计参数对双圆锥耗能器的滞回性能和应力分布的影响。研究结果表明：对于双圆锥耗能元件,当其总高H一定时,其初始刚度和屈服位移取决于两个锥体中较大锥体的高度大小;屈服位移可设置在1mm以内,耗能系数值可达2.5。双圆锥耗能元件通过不同的方式组合成双圆锥耗能器时,双圆锥耗能器的滞回性能取决于所选用的双圆锥耗能元件和其上、下连接板的刚度,当连接板刚度较大时,双圆锥耗能元件的滞回性能与其组装后的双圆锥耗能器的相关滞回性能满足叠加关系,双圆锥耗能器的相关滞回性能可由所选用的双圆锥耗能元件的相关参数(初始刚度、屈服位移和耗能系数等)来确定。     

含杂芴与噁二唑分子的p-n结与分子双光子吸收性能关系的研究

研究了若干个含杂芴与噁二唑分子的线性和非线性光谱性能.分别在飞秒钛宝石激光器泵浦下,通过开孔Z-scan技术和双光子荧光法研究了分子的双光子吸收性能;结合理论计算考察分子基态与激发态分子内电荷转移、分子p-n结对双光子吸收的影响.     

The CERN-EU high-energy reference field (CERF) facility for dosimetry at commercial flight altitudes and in space

A reference facility for the calibration and intercomparison of active and passive detectors in broad neutron fields has been available at CERN since 1992. A positively charged hadron beam (a mixture of protons and pions) with momentum of 120 GeV/c hits a copper target, 50 cm thick and 7 cm in diameter. The secondary particles produced in the interaction traverse a shield, at 90 degrees with respect to the direction of the incoming beam. made of either 80 to 160 cm of concrete or 40 cm of iron. Behind the iron shield, the resulting neutron spectrum has a maximum at about 1 MeV, with an additional high-energy component. Behind the 80 cm concrete shield, the neutron spectrum has a second pronounced maximum at about 70 MeV and resembles the high-energy component of the radiation field created by cosmic rays at commercial flight altitudes. This paper describes the facility, reports on the latest neutron spectral measurements, gives an overview of the most important experiments performed by the various collaborating institutions over recent years and briefly addresses the possible application of the facility to measurements related to the space programme.     

The Design of an Automated, High-Accuracy Antenna Test Facility

This paper presents the step-by-step application of proven far-field range and instrumentation design techniques to a specific antenna measurement problem, describes the resulting facility design, and presents the predicted measurement uncertainty. Fundamental electromagnetic design criteria for an outdoor, far-field facility establish minimum dimensional requirements for the range design and limiting values of source-antenna directivity. Electromagnetic compatibility of the facility is assured by frequency coordination with existing and planned services in the area surrounding the available site. Additional design constraints for this facility included restricted measurement time, reduction of spurious test enclosure effects, limited available terrain, and required data quality. In this case, the required range length is in excess of 6500 ft, and paraboloidal source antenna diameters up to 23 ft are required. The frequency coordination problem was solved by exploiting the natural terrain features and configuring the measurement system as "test-on-transmit." Signal and reference paths share the same range cable. The quantity of data that must be handled in the available measurement interval required the use of a computer-based measurement system.     

Arrangement of high-energy neutron irradiation field and shielding experiment using 4 m concrete at KENS

An irradiation field of high-energy neutrons produced in the forward direction from a thick tungsten target bombarded by 500 MeV protons was arranged at the KENS spallation neutron source facility. In this facility, shielding experiment was performed with an ordinary concrete shield of 4 m thickness assembled in the irradiation room, 2.5 m downstream from the target centre. Activation detectors of bismuth, aluminium, indium and gold were inserted into eight slots inside the shield and attenuations of neutron reaction rates were obtained by measurements of gamma-rays from the activation detectors. A MARS14 Monte Carlo simulation was also performed down to thermal energy, and comparisons between the calculations and measurements show agreements within a factor of 3. This neutron field is useful for studies of shielding, activation and radiation damage of materials for high-energy neutrons, and experimental data are useful to check the accuracies of the transmission and activation calculation codes.     

Vortex wakes generated by robins Erithacus rubecula during free flight in a wind tunnel.

The wakes of two individual robins were measured in digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) experiments conducted in the Lund wind tunnel. Wake measurements were compared with each other, and with previous studies in the same facility. There was no significant individual variation in any of the measured quantities. Qualitatively, the wake structure and its gradual variation with flight speed were exactly as previously measured for the thrush nightingale. A procedure that accounts for the disparate sources of circulation spread over the complex wake structure nevertheless can account for the vertical momentum flux required to support the weight, and an example calculation is given for estimating drag from the components of horizontal momentum flux (whose net value is zero). The measured circulations of the largest structures in the wake can be predicted quite well by simple models, and expressions are given to predict these and other measurable quantities in future bird flight experiments.     

矢量水听器在水声通信系统中的应用

将矢量水听器应用于水声通信系统,利用矢量水听器的指向性屏蔽强干扰。建立了基于矢量水听器的多载波正交频分复用(OFDM)系统模型,对各向同性噪声场中矢量水听器的增益进行了推导,为抑制相干干扰提供了新的解决方案,并进行了仿真验证。仿真研究表明,该方案能够有效地增强系统的抗各向同性干扰的能力,达到提高信噪比的目的,降低了误码率,增加了系统的稳健性。湖上试验验证了该方法的有效性,表明基于矢量水听器的水声通信系统可为实现高速水声通信提供一种有效的途径。     

汶川地震和鲁甸地震的脉冲型地震动比较研究

近年来我国在近断层地震动观测及其对建筑结构地震反应的影响方面开展了有意义的工作,但我国大陆地区获取的近断层脉冲型地震动数量仍非常有限。2014年发生在云南省鲁甸县的M_w6.3级地震造成了与其震级不相称的严重伤亡和建筑震害,除建筑抗震能力和次生灾害等因素之外,破坏力强大的近断层脉冲型地震动也是重要的致灾因素。该文采用基于小波变换的脉冲识别方法,分析了在鲁甸地震中获取的地震动记录的脉冲特性,并与2008年汶川地震中的近断层脉冲型地震动进行了比较。结果显示,与汶川地震中的脉冲型地震动相比,鲁甸龙头记录速度脉冲周期较短,但其速度峰值很大,在6级左右的中等地震中非常少见。此外,该记录的能量分布具有明显的方向性。但由于该台站震中距很小,其成因能否用向前方向性效应解释仍有待商榷。     

MARS14 deep-penetration calculation for the ISIS target station shielding

The calculation of neutron penetration through a thick shield was performed with a three-dimensional multi-layer technique using the MARS14(02) Monte Carlo code to compare with the experimental shielding data in 1998 at the ISIS spallation neutron source facility of Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. In this calculation, secondary particles from a tantalum target bombarded by 800-MeV protons were transmitted through a bulk shield of approximately 3-m-thick iron and 1-m-thick concrete. To accomplish this deep-penetration calculation, a three-dimensional multi-layer technique and energy cut-off method were used considering a spatial statistical balance. Finally, the energy spectra of neutrons behind the very thick shield could be calculated down to the thermal energy with good statistics, and the calculated results typically agree well within a factor of two with the experimental data over a broad energy range. The ¹²C(n,2n)¹¹C reaction rates behind the bulk shield were also calculated, which agree with the experimental data typically within 60%. These results are quite impressive in calculation accuracy for deep-penetration problem.     

Development of a turbo-molecular pump with a magnetic shield function

To safely use turbo-molecular pumps (TMPs) in a magnetic field, it is necessary to reduce the eddy current induced in a rotating rotor. Instead of adding a magnetic shield facility to the TMPs available in markets, we developed a TMP with a magnetic shield function by replacing the housing material of the TMP with a ferromagnetic substrate SUS430. Before and after machining, the SUS430 was vacuum-fired at 700 °C for 10 h in order to attain a good vacuum quality and recover its high magnetic permeability. The magnetic shield efficiency of the TMP with SUS430 housing was then examined. When a perpendicular magnetic field of 9 mT was applied, the field inside the TMP was reduced to less than 0.3 mT. Next, we confirmed that the developed TMP shows good performance in achieving an ultrahigh vacuum in magnetic fields of up to 9 mT. The limit of the magnetic shield efficiency for the developed TMP is also discussed.     

Neutron shielding evaluation for a small fuel transport case

We investigated the effectiveness of a small neutron shield configuration for the transportation of fresh MOX fuel rods in an experimental facility, this in order to reduce the dose received by the personnel. Monte Carlo simulations using the Tripoli and MCNP4B code were applied. Different configurations were studied, starting from the bare fuel rod positioned on an iron plate up to a fuel rod covered by a box-shaped shield made of different materials such as polyethylene, polyethylene with boron and polyethylene with a cadmium layer. We compared the neutron spectra for the different cases and calculated the corresponding ambient equivalent dose rate H*(10).