OPTIMAL CONTROL OF CNC CUTTING PROCESS

The intelligent optimizing method of cutting parameters and the cutting stable districts searching method are set up. The cutting parameters of each cutting pass could be optimized automatically, the cutting chatter is predicted through setting up the dynamic cutting force AR(2) model on-line, the spindle rotation speed is adjusted according to the predicting results so as to ensure the cutting system work in stable district.     

面向能耗的数控铣削过程建模与参数优化

为了选择合理的切削参数以达到降低能耗的目的,对稳定的数控铣削过程面向能耗进行建模并优化。首先,在分析输入功率去向构成的基础上,建立数控铣床系统输入功率模型。然后,建立数控铣床系统能耗测试平台。通过对实验数据的多元回归建立数控铣床输入功率与切削参数的函数,对比分析证实函数的精确性。随后,由该函数得出数控铣床稳定切削阶段的单位体积能耗函数,以此为优化目标,以铣床性能和表面质量为约束,通过引力搜索算法(GSA)进行切削参数的能效优化。最后,与经验的切削参数进行对比,结果表明优化后切削参数显著提高了铣床能量效率,大幅节省了电能。     

影响行切表面加工质量的因素分析

为了提高行切的加工效率,针对不同特征的零件加工表面,提出了一种在保证零件表面质量的前提下,拥有最高加工效率的行切加工方法。通过对行切参数的计算研究,总结出了满足零件表面质量的最优行切参数以及在各行切参数下均可满足表面质量要求的最大可选行距。     

基于工艺过程的切削数据库系统的研究与开发

针对切削加工中影响切削参数的因素十分复杂难以有效描述的问题,提出了基于工艺过程的切削参数信息描述方法,给出了切削参数信息模型与工艺过程信息模型之间的关联关系。构建了切削参数库与工艺案例库相融合的系统架构,并通过普通和数控2种不同的切削参数获取方法,实现了基于工艺过程的实际切削加工参数的获取和继承。本文最后介绍了已开发的基于工艺过程的切削参数数据库系统。     

考虑极限切削宽度的45钢切削力仿真分析

以高速车削45钢为研究对象,针对高速车削颤振问题,通过绘制稳定性叶瓣图得到无颤切削参数。利用Third Wave AdvantEdge有限元分析软件,基于无颤切削参数设计正交试验,运用极差分析法得到切削用量对各切削力的影响主次顺序和最优组合。根据仿真试验结果,建立了车削力预测模型并检验了回归模型的可靠性。通过单因素试验法分析研究了各切削参数对车削力的影响规律,从减小车削力和提高高速车削加工稳定性方面出发,在所选参数范围内得出了高速车削45钢时的最优参数组合为:v=1200m/min,f=0.05mm/r,ap=0.2mm。     

钛合金Ti6Al4V铣削力试验分析

对钛合金Ti6Al4V进行了铣削试验,测量了铣削过程中的切削力.利用最小二乘法对试验数据进行回归分析,建立了切削力的经验模型,得出了切削参数对切削力的影响规律,为优化切削参数、研究切削机理提供了参考依据.     

异形螺杆数控铣削刀具磨损智能建模研究

介绍了一种在线估算螺杆数控铣削中刀具磨损量的新方法。该方法基于螺杆铣削过程变切削参数的工况,提取了振动信号和功率信号的刀具磨损特征值,基于自适应神经—模糊推理系统建立了刀具磨损数学模型。实验证明,由此建立的刀具磨损模型能够排除切削参数变化的干扰,可以较好的反映加工中刀具磨损状态,同时也为具有时变切削参数特性的加工过程刀具磨损状态监控提供了新的研究方法。     

高速铣削刀具磨损寿命实验及建模研究

为研究高速铣削中刀具磨损寿命与切削参数的关系,通过正交实验获得了不同切削用量下的刀具磨损寿命数据,并用正交直观法分析了各切削参数对刀具磨损寿命的影响程度,以及刀具磨损寿命随切削用量的变化趋势.在多元线性回归分析的基础上建立了刀具磨损寿命与切削参数的经验模型,并用显著性检验分析了模型的拟合程度以及各切削参数对刀具磨损寿命的影响程度.研究结果为切削参数优化提供了依据.     

基于遗传算法的车削用量优化研究

为合理地选择切削用量,建立了基于遗传算法的切削用量优化系统框架结构,系统地研究了遗传算法及其相关内容。在约束、单优化目标函数数学建模的基础上,采用线性加权法建立的多目标优化函数;采用罚函数法改进目标函数,使约束直接表示在目标函数中,简化了切削用量的寻优过程。最后,应用遗传算法开发了一个车削用量优化器,对多约束条件下的切削用量优化结果进行了分析,总结了寻优过程中约束条件影响切削用量优化结果的规律。     

车削中三维复杂断屑槽刀具断屑仿真研究

为有效缩短现有断屑槽刀具的设计周期、降低设计成本,采用有限元方法模拟了切削过程中切屑折断过程。利用Solid Works软件建立了三种刀具的三维模型,并在Deform 3D软件中对车削45钢工件过程进行了三维切削仿真。其中,工件材料采用了Johnson-Cook模型和Cockroft-Latham韧性断裂准则,仿真模型采用了有效参数设置以保证数值计算精度与效率。通过仿真研究了不同切削参数下的切屑形态、断屑过程及主切削力等。研究结果表明,仿真结果与试验结果吻合良好,该仿真模型及方法能有效应用于断屑槽刀具断屑性能研究,是三维复杂断屑槽刀具设计和切削参数优化的一种新方法。     

Experimental investigation of machining characteristics and chatter stability for Hastelloy-X with ultrasonic and hot turning

Ultrasonic-assisted machining is a machining operation based on the intermittent cutting of material which is obtained through vibrations generated by an ultrasonic system. This method utilizes low-amplitude vibrations with high frequency to prevent continuous contact between a cutting tool and a workpiece. Hot machining is another method for machining materials which are difficult to cut. The basic principle of this method is that the surface of the workpiece is heated to a specific temperature below the recrystallization temperature of the material. This heating operation can be applied before or during the machining process. Both of these operations improve machining operations in terms of workpiece-cutting tool characteristics. In this study, a novel hybrid machining method called hot ultrasonic-assisted turning (HUAT) is proposed for the machinability of Hastelloy-X material. This new technique combines ultrasonic-assisted turning (UAT) and hot turning methods to take advantage of both machining methods in terms of machining characteristics, such as surface roughness, stable cutting depths, and cutting tool temperature. In order to observe the effect of the HUAT method, Hastelloy-X alloy was selected as the workpiece. Experiments on conventional turning (CT), UAT, and HUAT operations were carried out for Hastelloy-X alloy, changing the cutting speed and cutting tool overhang lengths. Chip morphology was also observed. In addition, modal and sound tests were performed to investigate the modal and stability characteristics of the machining. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was performed to find the effect of the cutting speed, tool overhang length, and machining techniques (CT, UAT, HUAT) on surface roughness, stable cutting depths, and cutting tool temperature. The results show both ultrasonic vibration and heat improve the machining of Hastelloy-X. A decrease in surface roughness and an increase in stable cutting depths were observed, and higher cutting tool temperatures were obtained in UAT and HUAT compared to CT. According to the ANOVA results, tool overhang length, cutting speed, and machining techniques were effective parameters for surface roughness and stable cutting depths at a 1% significance level (p ≤ 0.01). In addition, cutting speed and machining techniques have an influence on cutting tool temperature at a 1% significance level (p ≤ 0.01). During chip analysis, serrated chips were observed in UAT and HUAT.     

Parameter optimization of non-vertical laser cutting

In some cases, in order to avoid interference during 3D laser cutting of thin metal a laser head could not be kept vertical to the surface of a work piece. In such situations, the cutting quality depends not only on “typical” cutting parameters but also on the slant angle of the laser head. Traditionally, many tests had to be done in order to obtain the best cutting results. In this paper, an experimental design is employed to reduce the number of tests and an artificial neural network (ANN) is set up to describe quantitatively the relationship between cutting quality and cutting parameters in the non-vertical laser cutting situation. A quality point system is used to evaluate the cutting result of the thin sheet quantitatively. Testing of this novel method shows that the calculated “quality point” using ANN is quite closely in accord with the actual cutting result. The ANN is very successful for optimizing parameters, predicting cutting results and deducing new cutting information.     

基于特征的切削参数建模研究

为解决在选择切削参数时如何参考工件的几何特征信息这个难题,借用物元理论对切削参数进行建模,并建立一种基于特征的具有通用性的切削参数数据结构,利用物元理论中的对象识别和评判方法,解决了加工特征的相似性查询问题,并开发了基于特征的金属切削数据库系统。     

Knowledge-based CNC torch path generation for laser cutting of planar shapes

In this paper, we propose a knowledge-based method for generating a CNC torch path for laser cutting of the outlines of planar shapes. The proposed method consists of two main phases: laser cutting knowledge construction and CNC torch path generation using the knowledge. In the first phase, laser cutting experiments are conducted on various operating parameters, and then empirical data are stored and analyzed to make up the knowledge of laser cutting. With this knowledge, we can inquire what a kerf width is for specific operating parameters. In the second phase, using the knowledge of laser cutting, the CNC torch path is generated for cutting the outlines of the given planar shapes. This phase is basically based on the offset generation of each outline by a sequence of arc splines, where the offset distance is the same as the half of the kerf width determined from the constructed knowledge. The proposed method based on laser cutting knowledge makes full use of arc interpolators in CNC torch path generation. The method can efficiently reduce the number of path segments while keeping the torch path within the desired accuracy.     

TC11钛合金插铣工艺切削参数选择方法研究

为了优化TC11钛合金插铣加工的切削参数,采用三因素四水平正交实验法进行了插铣实验,建立了插铣过程中切削力和切削温度的经验公式,分析了插铣参数对切削力及切削参数的影响规律。基于此规律以及刀具许用挠度,提出了铣削速度、每齿进给量和铣削深度的选择方法。结果表明:铣削深度对切削力影响最大,而铣削速度对切削温度影响最大;插铣参数选取原则是在刀具材料允许下取较大铣削速度,适中的每齿进给量,最后根据刀具挠度选择合适的铣削深度。最后在根据此原则选择的插铣切削参数条件下,材料切除率达到了25.1 cm3/min。     

弧齿锥齿轮成形法数控加工仿真建模与实现技术

针对半滚切法加工的弧齿锥齿轮,根据机床、刀具和被加工工件之间的位置关系和切齿过程,由齿轮啮合原理和弧齿锥齿轮切齿原理推导出弧齿锥齿轮齿廓曲面方程。根据实际的弧齿锥齿轮参数,基于CAT IA曲面建模方法,运用上述数学方程,建立了锥齿轮三维实体模型,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Milling force vibration analysis in high-speed-milling titanium alloy using variable pitch angle mill

Chatter may cause fast wear of tools and poor surface quality of the workpieces at high cutting speed and it will happen on different process parameters; how do we select the suitable cutting speed to suppress the chatter? In this paper, a signal analysis method for milling force and acceleration is adopted to identify chatter, which can obtain the results not only in frequency of chatter but also in the contribution for milling force at different frequencies. Through the milling experiment, the machining vibration behaviors of milling Ti–6Al–4V with variable pitch end mill were investigated. Milling force and acceleration signals obtained from experiment were analyzed and compared at stable and unstable milling processes. The experimental results show that when the chatter occurs, milling forces were found to increase dramatically by 61.9–66.8% compared with that of at stable cutting; machining surface quality became poor and machined surface roughness increases by 34.2–40.5% compared with that of at stable cutting.     

基于DEFORM-3D的金属锯切过程力能仿真研究

运用金属切削力学理论与方法对圆锯机锯切过程的力能参数进行理论计算,得到锯切过程的平均锯切力和平均锯切功率。基于DEFORM-3D软件建立金属锯切有限元模型,仿真得到平均锯切力值,与理论计算得到的平均锯切力误差为3.5%;实验得到圆锯机主电动机锯切过程中的平均锯切功率值,与理论计算得到的平均锯切功率误差为3.8%。力能参数理论计算、DEFORM-3D有限元仿真、实验测试数据对比,表明用DEFORM-3D有限元研究金属锯切机理是一种可行的方法,为锯切机理的研究提供了参考。     

基于仿真的数控铣削加工参数优化研究

针对数控铣削加工参数优化问题,通过加工仿真,计算每一走刀步的切削深度和切削宽度并划分区间。在每一个由组合划分区间内所有刀步构成的一个加工特征组合段上建立了多目标优化模型,模型采用遗传算法对每一加工特征组合段的加工参数进行优化,自动修改NC程序中的加工参数并反映优化结果。应用实例证明,提出的多目标优化模型和优化求解算法正确、有效。     

铣刀磨损对铣削稳定性及表面位置误差的影响

为了分析刀具正常磨损后铣削颤振稳定域和表面位置误差,对刀具不同磨损状态下的切削力系数进行辨识,基于全离散法研究刀具正常磨损后铣削颤振稳定域和表面位置误差特性。发现当刀具正常磨损后,铣削系统的稳态临界切深呈现上升的趋势;随着工件表面洛氏硬度的提高,铣削系统稳态临界切深逐步下降,刀具正常磨损后临界切深与后刀面无磨损临界切深的差别逐步变小;在稳定域的局部会出现表面位置误差增加的情况。试验表明,该理论模型可以有效优化刀具正常磨损后的加工参数。