低合金奥-贝球铁电弧焊焊条的研究

本文通过等温热处理系统地研究了Ｃｕ，Ｎｉ，Ｍｏ对球铁焊缝金属等温转变，奥－贝化能力及机械性能的影响，并利用Ｘ射线衍射仪，扫描电镜，透射电镜研究了低合金奥－贝球铁焊缝的基体结构，分析讨论了基强韧化机制。在此基础上首次研制成功了Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ低合金奥－贝球铁新焊条，与非合金化奥－贝球铁焊条相比，焊缝金属的奥－贝化能力提高２．５倍，其焊缝与焊接接头的机械性能均满足奥－贝球铁的要求。     

低合金奥－贝球铁电弧焊焊条的研究

本文通过等温热处理系统地研究了Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｏ对球铁焊缝金属等温转变，奥－贝化能力及机械性能的影响，井利用Ｘ射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜研究了低合金奥－贝球铁焊缝的基体结构，分析讨论了其强韧化机制，在此基础上首次研制成功了Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ低合金奥－贝球铁析焊分，与非合金化奥－贝球铁焊条相比，焊缝金属的奥－贝化能力提高２．５倍，其焊缝与焊接接头的机械性能均满足奥－贝球铁的要求。     

Design and control of chemical compositions for high-performance austempered ductile iron

This paper presents the effects of chemical compositions of austempered ductile iron (ADI) on casting quality,heat treatment process parameters and mechanical properties of final products.Through exper...     

Repair welding of ductile cast iron by laser cladding process: microstructure and mechanical properties

Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine the feasibility of a newly developed process in the repair of cracked gas turbine casings made of ductile cast iron. This study investigated the microstructural characteristics, metallurgy and mechanical properties of the repair weldments produced using fibre laser cladding. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and element probe microanalysis were used to investigate the microstructure at the cladding weld interface. The mechanical properties of the cladded specimens were evaluated after laser cladding. Our results revealed that the weldability of ductile cast iron can be enhanced by performing laser surface pretreatment to sublimate graphite nodules. Microhardness at the interface of the laser cladded weldments depended largely on the range of the heat affected zone and the degree of phase complexity. Under tensile loading, failures were limited to the base metal region of the weldments. Test results demonstrate that the impact toughness of the interface between the fusion zone and the base metal can be enhanced through the application of post-cladding heat treatment.     

Effect of austempering time on mechanical properties of a low manganese austempered ductile iron

An investigation was carried out to examine the influence of austempering time on the resultant microstructure and the room-temperature mechanical properties of an unalloyed and low manganese ductile cast iron with initially ferritic as-cast structure. The effect of austempering time on the plane strain fracture toughness of this material was also studied. Compact tension and round cylindrical tensile specimens were prepared from unalloyed ductile cast iron with low manganese content and with a ferritic as-cast (solidified) structure. These specimens were then austempered in the upper (371 °C) and lower (260 °C) bainitic temperature ranges for different time periods, ranging from 30 min. to 4 h. Microstructural features such as type of bainite and the volume fraction of ferrite and austenite and its carbon content were evaluated by X-ray diffraction to examine the influence of microstructure on the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of this material. The results of the present investigation indicate that for this low manganese austempered ductile iron (ADI), upper ausferritic microstructures exhibit higher fracture toughness than lower ausferritic microstructures. Yield and tensile strength of the material was found to increase with an increase in austempering time in a lower bainitic temperature range, whereas in the upper bainitic temperature range, time has no significant effect on the mechanical properties. A retained austenite content between 30 to 35% was found to provide optimum fracture toughness. Fracture toughness was found to increase with the parameter (XγCγ/d)^1/2, where Xγ is the volume fraction of austenite, Cγ is the carbon content of the austenite, and d is the mean free path of dislocation motion in ferrite.     

奥-贝球铁焊接研究进展

介绍了近１０年来奥－贝球铁焊接研究进展,重要介绍了奥－贝球铁焊接冶金,获得奥－贝球铁焊缝金属的等温热处理工艺和焊接工艺特点,焊态直接获得奥－贝球铁焊缝的途径及奥－贝球铁焊接新材料。奥－贝球铁焊缝金属可以通过等温热处理获得,也可以在焊态下直接获得。对于前者,研究工作主要集中在合金元素对球铁焊缝白口倾向的影响,球铁焊缝金属等温转变及组织结构特点,等温热处理工艺对奥－贝球铁焊缝组织与力学性能的影响。而对于后者的研究则更多地集中于焊缝化学成分和冷却速度对焊态奥－贝球铁焊缝组织与力学性能的影响。研制成功的奥－贝球铁焊接新材料,其焊缝的组织与力学性能满足奥－贝球铁的要求。     

氩弧硬化对硼铸铁表面组织和性能的影响

采用氩弧重熔技术在硼铸铁表面进行表面硬化改性处理,研究了钨极氩弧硬化工艺参数对硼铸铁表面组织和性能的影响.结果表明,硼铸铁表面采用氩弧热源淬火时,淬硬层与基体之间过渡区明显,硬化区组织为莱氏体,过渡区组织为马氏体 残留奥氏体 少量石墨.氩弧硬化工艺参数对硬化层的深度、硬度和裂纹率影响较大,工作电流增加或扫描速度减小时,硼铸铁表面硬化层深度增加,硬度降低,裂纹率下降.在保证不出现裂纹的条件下,硬化层表面的硬度值最高可达64 HRC,硬化层显微硬度值最高可达1196 HV0.1,其耐磨性明显高于未经处理和经激光表面处理的硼铸铁.     

Study on the serialization and applications of low carbon ductile iron

1 Introduction Ductile cast iron can be got after the molten iron in either eutectic or hypereutectic compositions modified by RE-Mg alloy or treated by enough inoculation and heat treatment, since the birth of ductile cast iron. During the development of ordinary ductile cast iron, the content of carbon is never lower than 2.0%, the low carbon ductile iron that is not treated by heat treatment and mod- ified by the inoculation alloy mainly composed of anti- spherical surface active elements …     

EQ491铸态珠光体球墨铸铁连杆的研究

分析了铸态珠光体球墨铸铁的形成条件，利用正交试验确定了球墨铸铁连杆Si,Mn,Cu等元素的成分，通过研究碳当量对组织性能的影响，确定了C元素的成分。生产试验证明，铸态珠光体球墨铸铁连杆可替代进口可锻铸铁件。     

EQ491铸态珠光体球墨铸铁连杆的研究

分析了铸态珠光体球墨铸铁的形成条件，利用正交设计确定了球墨铸铁连杆Si,Mn,Cu等元素的化学成分，通过研究碳当量对组织性能的影响，确定了C元素的化学成分。生产试验证明，球墨铸铁连杆件可替代进口可锻铸铁件。     

锰铜合金化贝氏体低碳球墨铸铁

对锰铜合金化贝氏体低碳球铁进行了研究。测定了贝氏体低碳球铁件在几种不同锰、铜含量下的力学性能．并对金相组织进行了分析。试验结果表明：Ⅳ（C）为2．0％的贝氏体低碳球铁在w（Si）为3．0％，加入Ⅳ（Mn）至0．8％、加入Ⅳ（Cu）至1．0％时，辅以合适的等温淬火工艺，能得到较高的力学性能。     

Oil quenched malleable iron,the strength of an old material in a “green cast” development and a new future

Malleable iron lost the interest and the development stopped in the turbulent seventies of tremendous developments of new technologies.The personal computer,emission spectrometer,thermal analysis,cold-box core system and automatic vertical moulding were introduced into the foundry industry.Experience shows that these new technologies do not always match up with malleable iron.Solidification and mould filling simulation programs are not always capable to handle a low carbon equivalent iron like malleable iron.Recent developments show however by using these new technologies and combined with practical experience,it is possible to increase the casting yield of malleable iron to the same level as ductile iron.The mechanical properties,especially the yield strength of malleable iron according to the standard are equivalent to those of ductile iron,however the yield strength of oil quenched malleable iron is significantly higher than that of ductile iron.An extensive investigation is made between ductile iron,air quenched and oil quenched malleable irons based on the properties of more than 350 test bars produced under the same conditions.The results are compared with the existing international standards and discussed.Other properties like fatigue strength and response to surface treatments as induction hardening are also discussed.The costs of malleable iron are reviewed and compared with other ferro alloys.These recent developments in increasing the casting yield,the understanding of the strength,makes malleable iron competitive with ductile iron and cheaper than the first grade of ausferritic ductile iron,or steel qualities.It is possible to design lighter and save weight which is essential in the automotive industry.An example of"green cast"development for typical applications,used in automotive transmissions and engines are shown.     

浅谈近年来铸铁件的发展

介绍了近年来我国铸铁件的产量和新制订、修订的铸铁件国标:(1)灰铸铁的发展在产量增速上虽有所放缓,但质量上却有很大提高,体现在:新国标中牌号的细化,掌握了HT300和HT350的生产技术,专用灰铸铁的开发。(2)球墨铸铁不仅在产量上快速发展,而且更有质的飞跃,概括为:发展速度令人惊异,从无到有,从少量生产到占世界球铁产量的49.5%;球铁应用领域不断扩大;开发出各种球化处理方法;系列化生产了球化剂和孕育剂。重点介绍了Si固溶强化铁素体球铁、高强度高伸长率球铁、低温铁素体球铁、珠光体基体球铁、ADI、奥氏体球铁、高强韧TWIP铸铁,并指出了生产高端球铁件的关键点——优化石墨、净化晶界、强化基体。(3)蠕铁的进步体现在:新的国标替代了旧的部标,蠕铁缸体缸盖的生产渐入佳境,蠕铁制动盘的扩大应用正在稳妥推进。     

Si对铁素体球铁耐热冲击性能的影响

对不同含Ｓｉ量的铁素体球铁进行了热冲击试验，并考察了Ｓｉ量及石墨组织对其抗热冲击性能的影响。     

略论奥贝球铁及其应用

介绍奥贝球铁的特性和使用价值,阐述主要几种合金元素对奥贝球铁热处理和力学性能的影响,分析了奥贝球铁等温淬火热处理规范及工艺过程,对具有高强度、高韧度的奥贝球铁材料的工业应用方面的情况作了介绍。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Wear-Resistant As-Cast Alloyed Bainite Ductile Iron

An as-cast bainite ductile iron with excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance was fabricated by alloying and centrifugal casting method, and the alloyed chemical composition was optimized by using the thermodynamic software Thermo-Calc. By using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, the microstructure of the as-fabricated bainite ductile cast iron was characterized pertinent to the elements distribution in matrix and features of ferrite and retained austenite. The results of mechanical properties test show that the hardness and compressive strength of this alloyed ductile iron are 52 HRC and 2,200 MPa, respectively. The ascast bainite ductile iron possesses highly abrasive wear resistance and the reason can be ascribed to the solid solution of the elements Si, Ni, Cu, and Mn in the austenite and the formation of carbides of elements Cr and Mo. The strength of bainite ductile iron is increased by the acicular bainitic ferrite in the matrix.     

球铁马氏体彩色金相的制备及研究

球铁铸态试样与热处理态试样的彩色金相制备工艺规范不同。分析了热处理态试样难于成色的原因,并试验得出热处理态彩色金相制备工艺规范。通过彩色金相图对马氏体球铁磨球的结晶形态和晶内缺陷进行了深入讨论。结果表明,彩色金相比黑白金相能揭示更多的马氏体结构特征信息,并为保证获得力学性能良好的球铁提供依据。     

等温淬火球铁(ADI)的机械加工性能

等温淬火球铁(ADI)对工程界来说是一种相对较新的材料。其独特的金属基体显微组织奥铁体,即针状铁素体和充分反应的、热力学稳定的、力学上也稳定的,高碳奥氏体的混和组织,使其具有比普通球铁高得多的强度和韧性。然而,高强度、高硬度和高韧性使等淬球铁在机加工时切削刃口受到更高的应力,造成一定困难。考虑了等淬球铁特有的金属基体组织和力学性能,选择了合适的刀具,调整和优化了刀具及加工参数,等淬球铁完全可以成功地进行机加工,从而可以扩大等淬球铁的应用和进一步开拓等淬球铁的潜力。笔者论述了等淬球铁的组织特点,机加工特点,给出了机加工参考参数,并讨论了改善等淬球铁机械加工性能的方法。     

高强度厚大断面球墨铸铁件的熔炼工艺

为生产高强度厚大断面球墨铸铁件,对熔炼原材料、铁液化学成分和球化孕育处理技术进行了分析,确定了球铁熔炼工艺的主要控制要素,采用高温正火热处理工艺保证材料均匀一致的基体组织。试制阶梯试块的力学性能和显微组织均符合技术要求,从而保证高强度厚大断面球墨铸铁件的正常生产。     

球铁光纤激光-MIG复合焊接头的裂纹倾向与力学性能

以308L不锈钢焊丝作为填充材料,采用光纤激光-MIG电弧复合焊在5mm厚的球墨铸铁上进行焊接,重点关注了工艺参数对裂纹倾向的影响,获得了成形良好且无裂纹的焊接接头．结果表明,随着激光功率的减小和电弧电流的增加,接头熔合比减小,裂纹倾向降低．接头显微硬度和组织的分析结果表明,由熔合比带来的碳含量变化是影响裂纹倾向的直接原因．在厚度10mm的球墨铸铁试件上开X形坡口进行多层多道焊,所得焊接接头的强度和断后伸长率分别为母材的73％和20％,接头断裂机制为脆性断裂,半熔化区的莱氏体是造成断裂的原因．