Using mobile beacons to locate sensors in obstructed environments

Locating sensors in an indoor environment is a challenging problem due to the insufficient distance measurements caused by short ultrasound range and the incorrect distance measurements caused by multipath effect of ultrasound. In this paper, we propose a virtual ruler approach, in which a vehicle equipped with multiple ultrasound beacons travels around the area to measure distances between pairwise sensors. Virtual Ruler can not only obtain sufficient distances between pairwise sensors, but can also eliminate incorrect distances in the distance measurement phase of sensor localization. We propose to measure the distance between pairwise sensors from multiple perspectives using the virtual ruler and filter incorrect values through a statistical approach. By assigning measured distances with confidence values, the localization algorithm can intelligently localize each sensor based on high confidence distances, which greatly improves localization accuracy. Our performance evaluation shows that the proposed approach can achieve better localization results than previous approaches in an indoor environment.     

基于Cricket传感器网络室内定位系统的设计与实现

在高精度传感器网络室内定位系统中,基于到达时间差的定位系统得到了越来越普遍的研究。以Cricket传感器为载体,根据射频和超声波信号的传输特性以及信标布局的特点设计了一种改进的通信机制,不但提高了传感器网络通信质量的而且也降低了传感器节点的能量消耗。并提出了一种与传感器工作机制相关且误差限制在1 cm以内的计算距离的方法;最后根据信标节点与接收器之间的几何关系,实现了满足室内环境下接收器移动性需要的位置计算算法。     

Evaluating location management schemes for third generation mobile networks

Several strategies have been proposed recently to improve the performance of the IS-41 location management scheme. A forwarding pointers' strategy and a built-in memory strategy are proposed to reduce the signaling cost for location update and improve the IS-41 location update procedure. In this paper, we present a performance analysis of each strategy in an arbitrary time interval. In this analysis, users are classified by their call to mobility ratio which is defined as the call arrival rate divided by the mobility rate. We evaluate each of these strategies using this call to mobility ratio in order to come up with a set of recommendations that determine when each strategy is beneficial and for which class of users. We provide also a simplified analysis of the database loads generated by each strategy.     

改进人工蜂群求解多目标柔性作业车间调度问题

针对多个目标约束的柔性作业车间问题,本文采用基于Pareto解集的改进离散人工蜂群算法来求解.由于经典人工蜂群算法的选择概率不适用于多目标问题,本文对选择概率进行了重定义,将排序引入选择概率中;同时采用基于变异操作的邻域搜索方法进行局部搜索,并使用混合列交叉算子提高种群的多样性;采用Harmonic平均距离对Pareto解集进行裁剪,完成对Pareto解集的更新.最后通过实例测试及仿真实验,验证了本文算法在求解多目标柔性作业车间调度时的有效性.     

Online dictionary learning algorithm with periodic updates and its application to image denoising

We introduce a coefficient update procedure into existing batch and online dictionary learning algorithms. We first propose an algorithm which is a coefficient updated version of the Method of Optimal Directions (MOD) dictionary learning algorithm (DLA). The MOD algorithm with coefficient updates presents a computationally expensive dictionary learning iteration with high convergence rate. Secondly, we present a periodically coefficient updated version of the online Recursive Least Squares (RLS)-DLA, where the data is used sequentially to gradually improve the learned dictionary. The developed algorithm provides a periodical update improvement over the RLS-DLA, and we call it as the Periodically Updated RLS Estimate (PURE) algorithm for dictionary learning. The performance of the proposed DLAs in synthetic dictionary learning and image denoising settings demonstrates that the coefficient update procedure improves the dictionary learning ability.     

Improving odometry using a controlled point laser

We describe methods to improve an odometry estimate of motion using a single point range-finding laser. The laser measures the distance to an arbitrary point on a flat surface. After some motion, the odometry estimate of the motion is used to aim the laser to measure the distance to the same point. Through geometric methods the discrepancy in the expected and measured distances can be used to update the odometer estimate of the motion. We present experiments using a mobile robot, pan-tilt unit and laser. Our method could be incorporated into any simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm.     

位置相关信息服务中的一种数据预取方法

位置相关信息服务中访问数据涉及到复杂的空间计算,导致访问数据的延迟时间较长,而数据预取能够显著提高数据的访问速度,缩短访问数据的时间。基于LDD的预取策略如DDP考虑了数据距离,但是没有考虑数据的访问概率和更新频率及数据大小。针对以上问题提出基于价值的数据预取（CDP）策略,一些重要的数据预取因素如访问概率、更新频率、数据项大小、数据距离和有效范围等都包含在价值函数里,根据价值函数值的大小来选择被预取的数据。通过实验对比,CDP比DDP策略能更有效的提高缓存命中率。     

Dynamic fictitious play, dynamic gradient play, and distributed convergence to Nash equilibria

We consider a continuous-time form of repeated matrix games in which player strategies evolve in reaction to opponent actions. Players observe each other's actions, but do not have access to other player utilities. Strategy evolution may be of the best response sort, as in fictitious play, or a gradient update. Such mechanisms are known to not necessarily converge. We introduce a form of "dynamic" fictitious and gradient play strategy update mechanisms. These mechanisms use derivative action in processing opponent actions and, in some cases, can lead to behavior converging to Nash equilibria in previously nonconvergent situations. We analyze convergence in the case of exact and approximate derivative measurements of the dynamic update mechanisms. In the ideal case of exact derivative measurements, we show that convergence to Nash equilibrium can always be achieved. In the case of approximate derivative measurements, we derive a characterization of local convergence that shows how the dynamic update mechanisms can converge if the traditional static counterparts do not. We primarily discuss two player games, but also outline extensions to multiplayer games. We illustrate these methods with convergent simulations of the well known Shapley and Jordan counterexamples.     

膜系统下的一种多目标优化算法

提出一种基于膜优化理论的多目标优化算法,该算法受膜计算的启发,结合膜结构、多重集和反应规则来求解多目标优化问题。为了增强算法的适应能力,采用了遗传算法中的交叉与变异机制,同时在膜中引入外部档案集,并采用非支配排序和拥挤距离方法对外部档案集进行更新操作来提高搜索解的多样性。仿真实验采用标准的KUR和ZDT系列多目标问题对所提出的算法进行测试,通过该算法得出的非支配解集能够较好地逼近真实的Pareto前沿,说明所提算法在求解多目标优化问题上具有可行性和有效性。     

An enhanced proposal on decoy-state measurement device-independent quantum key distribution

By employing pulses involving three-intensity, we propose a scheme for the measurement device-independent quantum key distribution with heralded single-photon sources. We make a comparative study of this scheme with the standard three-intensity decoy-state scheme using weak coherent sources or heralded single-photon sources. The advantage of this scheme is illustrated through numerical simulations: It can approach very closely the asymptotic case of using an infinite number of decoy-states and exhibits excellent behavior in both the secure transmission distance and the final key generation rate.     

多仓储机器人协同路径规划与作业避碰

针对多仓储移动机器人协同作业问题,提出了一种基于全局规划和局部调整的路径规划方法,以获得较短、无碰、避障的可行路径.在路径规划时根据当前节点到终点的距离和局部路径与起点至终点的欧氏路径的夹角设计新启发式函数,驱使机器人沿最短路行进;根据可选节点的数量提出避障规则,提高避障能力;依据路径长度对信息素进行比较更新,以精炼搜索空间、提高收敛性能,对蚁群算法加以改进寻找各自最优路径.在作业避碰时设计避碰规则有效解决仓储机器人间作业碰撞,找到最优或近优路径组合.实验结果表明了本方法的可行性、有效性.     

Detail‐Preserving Explicit Mesh Projection and Topology Matching for Particle‐Based Fluids

We propose a new explicit surface tracking approach for particle‐based fluid simulations. Our goal is to advect and update a highly detailed surface, while only computing a coarse simulation. Current explicit surface methods lose surface details when projecting on the isosurface of an implicit function built from particles. Our approach uses a detail‐preserving projection, based on a signed distance field, to prevent the divergence of the explicit surface without losing its initial details. Furthermore, we introduce a novel topology matching stage that corrects the topology of the explicit surface based on the topology of an implicit function. To that end, we introduce an optimization approach to update our explicit mesh signed distance field before remeshing. Our approach is successfully used to preserve the surface details of melting and highly viscous objects, and shown to be stable by handling complex cases involving multiple topological changes. Compared to the computation of a high‐resolution simulation, using our approach with a coarse fluid simulation significantly reduces the computation time and improves the quality of the resulting surface.     

An efficient measurement-driven sequential Monte Carlo multi-Bernoulli filter for multi-target filtering

We propose an efficient measurement-driven sequential Monte Carlo multi-Bernoulli （SMC-MB） filter for multi-target filtering in the presence of clutter and missing detection. The survival and birth measurements are distinguished from the original measurements using the gating technique. Then the survival measurements are used to update both survival and birth targets, and the birth measurements are used to update only the birth targets. Since most clutter measurements do not participate in the update step, the computing time is reduced significantly. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach improves the real-time performance without degradation of filtering performance.     

A survey on event detection based video summarization for cricket

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Nowadays, sports video analysis is gaining a lot of traction. Cricket is an exciting team sport to watch. Cricket is becoming more popular, but due to the...     

Interrogation of surface plasmon resonance sensors using temporally stretched ultrashort optical pulses

We propose a novel technique that has the potential to realize interrogation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors at very high speed. In contrast to the incoherent light source used in the traditional wavelength interrogation schemes, a broadband coherent laser generating short optical pulses at a high repetition rate is used along with a highly dispersive optical element. The dispersion causes strong broadening of the optical pulses, and the temporal pulse shape could exactly resemble the spectral distribution of the pulses due to the induced linear chirp. Therefore, by measuring the changes in the pulse shapes with a single high-speed photodetector, the spectral response of the SPR sensor can be obtained for each input pulse and the interrogation speed could reach the repetition rate of the pulse train. This could enable SPR measurements at the speed of tens of MHz or higher, which is well beyond that of other current SPR interrogation techniques. We experimentally demonstrate that, by measuring the variations in the pulse shapes of the chirped pulses, sensitive SPR measurements can be made. Implementing this scheme with a femtosecond fiber laser and other fiber optic components also show the potential to realize more compact and integrated SPR systems.     

Multiple response learning automata.

Learning Automata update their action probabilites on the basis of the response they get from a random environment. They use a reward adaptation rate for a favorable environment's response and a penalty adaptation rate for an unfavorable environment's response. In this correspondence, we introduce Multiple Response learning automata by explicitly classifying the environment responses into a reward (favorable) set and a penalty (unfavorable) set. We derive a new reinforcement scheme which uses different reward or penalty rates for the corresponding reward (favorable) or penalty (unfavorable) responses. Well known learning automata, such as the L(R-P);L(R-I); L(R-eP) are special cases of these Multiple Response learning automata. These automata are feasible at each step, nonabsorbing (when the penalty functions are positive), and strictly distance diminishing. Finally, we provide conditions in order that they are ergodic and expedient.     

动态路径规划中的改进蚁群算法

针对传统蚁群算法收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优解的缺点,提出了改进距离启发因子以增加目标节点对下一节点的影响,从而提高全局搜索能力,避免陷于局部最优解,提高收敛速度;考虑真实环境的复杂多样性,引入多个路径质量约束来改进信息素更新规则。仿真实验结果显示,改进蚁群算法在动态路径规划中具有良好的效果。     

Asynchronous decentralized event-triggered control

In this paper we propose an approach to the implementation of controllers with decentralized strategies triggering controller updates. We consider set-ups with a central node in charge of the computation of the control commands, and a set of not co-located sensors providing measurements to the controller node. The solution we propose does not require measurements from the sensors to be synchronized in time. The sensors in our proposal provide measurements in an aperiodic way triggered by local conditions. Furthermore, in the proposed implementation (most of) the communication between nodes requires only the exchange of one bit of information (per controller update), which could aid in reducing transmission delays and as a secondary effect result in fewer transmissions being triggered.     

Static analysis of logical languages with deferred update semantics

Static analysis of declarative languages deals with the detection, at compile time, of program properties that can be used to better understand the program semantics and to improve the efficiency of program evaluation. In logical update languages, an interesting problem is the detection of conflicting updates, inserting and deleting the same fact, for transactions based on set-oriented updates and active rules. In this paper, we investigate this topic in the context of the U-Datalog language, a set-oriented update language for deductive databases, based on a deferred semantics. We first formally define relevant properties of U-Datalog programs, mainly related to update conflicts. Then, we prove that the defined properties are decidable and we propose an algorithm to detect such conditions. Finally, we show how the proposed techniques can be applied to other logical update languages. Our results are based on the concept of labeling and query-tree.     

A generalized divergence measure for nonnegative matrix factorization

This letter presents a general parametric divergence measure. The metric includes as special cases quadratic error and Kullback-Leibler divergence. A parametric generalization of the two different multiplicative update rules for nonnegative matrix factorization by Lee and Seung (2001) is shown to lead to locally optimal solutions of the nonnegative matrix factorization problem with this new cost function. Numeric simulations demonstrate that the new update rule may improve the quadratic distance convergence speed. A proof of convergence is given that, as in Lee and Seung, uses an auxiliary function known from the expectation-maximization theoretical framework.