降低重油气化装置阻力与提高单炉生产负荷的工艺改进

介绍了该厂重油气化装置的运行情况，并对造成重油气化工序阻力过大的原因进行了分析。对如何降低重油气化装置的阻力和提高单台气化炉的生产负荷，提出了改造方案。     

操作参数的选择及对煤气化结果的影响

基于化工系统流程模拟软件的应用,初步预测出水煤浆气化炉出口的合成气组成和温度,模拟计算结果与文献基本吻合;此外,通过模拟得到的数据,分析了气化炉的主要操作参数对气化结果的影响,为气化炉的操作优化提供一定的参考依据.     

重油气化油炭化的控制

分析了重油气化炭黑形成及生成条件，从而提出了油炭比与入气化炉混合油浆量、出萃取重油分离塔油炭浆量、萃取用重油量的数学关系式。该式对实际操作有一定指导意义。     

Shell煤气化装置模拟计算和操作优化软件的开发与应用

Shell煤气化装置模拟计算及操作优化软件具有5项功能,即建立煤质数据库与获取煤质数据、气化炉模拟计算、气化炉优化计算、气化装置模拟计算、开车表计算。本研究中,气化炉采用化学能量平衡模型,水冷壁的传热量计算采用经验模型进行模拟。结果表明,软件模拟结果与中石化安庆分公司Shell煤气化装置运行数据吻合较好,模拟结果可靠,能用于Shell煤气化装置在线和离线模拟和优化计算、开车表计算等,对于Shell煤气化装置实现安全、稳定、长周期、优化运行具有科学指导作用。     

煤炭气化气流床气化炉的数学模拟

简要介绍了煤炭气流床气化的原理，总结了到目前为止煤炭气化气流床气化炉数学模拟情况，包括简单平衡模型和动力学模型（一维或多维），给出了这些数学模型模拟的主要内容（对气化过程流化力学、热力学、化学反应和质量、能量及动量平衡考虑情况）和模型的主要结论，以及典型气流床气化炉的模拟煤气组成和煤炭转化率数值与实验值或实际操作值的比较情况，结果显示主要组分模拟误差较小。     

典型气流床煤气化炉气化过程的建模

利用Aspen Plus、基于热力学平衡模型对GSP煤粉气化炉、GE水煤浆气化炉及四喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉的气化过程建模。根据煤颗粒热转化的历程,将煤气化过程划分为热解、挥发分燃烧、半焦裂解及气化反应4个阶段,利用David Merrick模型计算热解过程,采用Beath模型校正压力对热解过程的影响,选用化学计量反应器模拟挥发分燃烧反应,编制Fortran程序计算半焦裂解产物收率,最后基于Gibbs自由能最小化方法计算气化反应。结果表明,采用建立的气流床气化过程模型模拟工业气化过程的结果与生产数据基本吻合,对GSP煤粉气化炉、GE水煤浆气化炉及四喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉等3种气化炉有效气成分（CO+H₂）体积分数模拟结果的误差均不超过2%,建立模型的可靠性得到验证。     

重油气化炉耐热衬里的改进和操作压力的探讨

重油气化炉是重油制氨工艺的关键设备之一。现有重油气化合成氨厂,若要提高生产能力,除对气化后工序做必要的改造外,在满足安全生产的条件下适当地改进耐热衬里,提高操作压力,同样是提高合成氨生产能力的最有效措施。现将我厂的改进情况介绍如下,以供同类型厂参考。     

基于Aspen Plus的水煤浆气化模拟

文章以过程模拟软件Aspen Plus为工具,建立了以纯氧为气化剂的气流床煤气化的数学模型,模拟计算了Texaco气化炉的制气过程;并利用该模型模拟研究了氧煤比和水煤浆浓度对煤气化指标的影响。结果表明:水煤浆浓度和氧煤比是影响水煤浆气化过程和出口煤气成分的主要因素,同时提出了提高出口煤气有效成分(CO+H2)的措施。     

粉煤加压气流床气化炉特性数值模拟

煤气化是生产清洁合成气用于燃料发电和化工原料使用的一种有效方法。对通用两段式加压气流床气化炉生产合成气进行模拟研究,主要包括采用商用计算流体力学软件ANSYS FLUENT对氧气吹扫煤粉的气化过程作数值模拟。本研究的目的是用计算流体力学软件模拟以增进在两段式气流床气化炉中气化过程状态的理解。通过使用三维纳维-斯托克斯方程和组分迁移方程破涡流反应模型求解预测煤气化的工艺过程。对水煤浆浓度和氧煤比在气化过程的影响进行研究。气化炉中组分的流动行为,在二段式气化炉中单喷嘴的设计的基础上,对一些文献中提到的数据进行了检查和验证。     

无烟煤水煤浆气化炉工艺烧嘴冷态数值模拟及优化

分析了无烟煤水煤浆气化炉运行情况,并对其现有工艺烧嘴进行技术改造,以提高气化炉气化效率。利用流体计算软件进行了工艺烧嘴的冷态数值模拟,根据结果确定了改造方案。工艺烧嘴优化改造后气化炉实际运行结果表明,运行数据与数值模拟结果具有一致性,气化炉气化效率有了提高,说明通过改造工艺烧嘴提高气化效率是可行的。     

加压流化床煤气化炉衬里材料的选择与烘制

加压流化床煤气化技术是近年来随着洁净煤技术的兴起而发展起来的新一代大型、先进煤气化技术。就加压流化床煤气化炉耐火衬里的特殊要求进行了耐火材料的选型,并根据所选耐火材料特性制定了烘炉工作曲线,并比较了烘炉所需实际燃料气量和估算值,结果表明计算值与实际值吻合较好,并为大型流化床反应器的烘炉工艺制定和实施提供一种理论参考和估算方法。     

Numerical study on the coal gasification characteristics in an entrained flow coal gasifier

The coal gasification process of a slurry feed type, entrained-flow coal gasifier was numerically predicted in this paper. By dividing the complicated coal gasification process into several simplified stages such as slurry evaporation, coal devolatilization and two-phase reactions coupled with turbulent flow and two-phase heat transfer, a comprehensive numerical model was constructed to simulate the coal gasification process. The k– turbulence model was used for the gas phase flow while the Random-Trajectory model was applied to describe the behavior of the coal slurry particles. The unreacted-core shrinking model and modified Eddy break-up (EBU) model, were used to simulate the heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions, respectively. The simulation results obtained the detailed information about the flow field, temperature and species concentration distributions inside the gasifier. Meanwhile, the simulation results were compared with the experimental data as a function of O₂/coal ratio. It illustrated that the calculated carbon conversions agreed with the measured ones and that the measured quality of the syngas was better than the calculated one when the O₂/coal ratio increases. This result was related with the total heat loss through the gasifier and uncertain kinetics for the heterogeneous reactions.     

分级气流床气化炉模型研究

为了研究分级和气化炉结构对气化效果的影响,结合对分级气化炉内流动、燃烧和气化反应的分析,采用小室模型建立了分级气化炉的动力学模型,考虑了气化炉结构尺寸对气化过程和结果的影响。利用建立的模型,对等径结构、颈缩结构和渐扩结构3种形式的分级气化炉进行了计算,得到温度、气体组成及其体积分数、碳转化率等参数沿气化炉炉膛的分布情况,并和连续气化的结果进行了对比。结果表明氧气的分级给入加强了气化炉内的物料混和,提高了平均温度,有利于提高气化效率;同时最高点温度有所降低,有利于和延长耐火砖使用寿命。同样运行条件下分级气化得到的有效气体体积分数要高于连续气化。     

煤代油改造工程中煤气化炉型的选择

本文介绍世界上已工业化的几种煤气化方法，重点比较了用于制取含成氨原料气的两种加压煤气化的方法即德士古和鲁奇气化法，确定了煤代油改造工程中应德士古气化法，概述了世界上有德士古煤气化装置，针对洞庭氮肥厂结合煤代油改造使现有装置扩产２０％的实际情况，确定了德士古煤气化的压力及其炉型尺寸。     

射流携带床气化炉内宏观混合过程研究(Ⅲ)过程分析与模拟

对射流携带床气化过程进行了分析,提出了气化过程的机理模型;建立了射流携带床气化炉的数学模型,对工业操作条件下的渣油和水煤浆气化炉进行了模拟,预测了工艺条件对气化结果的影响。     

PRENFLO煤气化工艺的开发和应用

介绍了Prenflo煤气化工艺的开发过程,论述了Prenflo中试装置的工艺流程、气化煤种和试验结果;以西班牙Puertollano IGCC电站投煤量为2600t／d的Prenflo煤气化装置为例,总结了Prenflo气化工艺自1988年迄今的商业化运行情况;从气化炉结构、煤气流动方向、氧气纯度和原料粉煤细度等方面对Prenflo和Shell2种煤气化工艺进行了区别和对比。     

Gasification of heavy fuel oils: A thermochemical equilibrium approach

Combustion of heavy fuel oils is a major source of production of particulate emissions and ash, as well as considerable volumes of SO_x and NO_x. Gasification is a technologically advanced and environmentally friendly process of disposing heavy fuel oils by converting them into clean combustible gas products. Thermochemical equilibrium modeling is the basis of an original numerical method implemented in this study to predict the performance of a heavy fuel oil gasifier. The model combines both the chemical and thermodynamic equilibriums of the global gasification reaction in order to predict the final syngas species distribution. Having obtained the composition of the produced syngas, various characteristics of the gasification process can be determined; they include the H₂:CO ratio, process temperature, and heating value of the produced syngas, as well as the cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion efficiency of the process. The influence of the equivalence ratio, oxygen enrichment (the amount of oxygen available in the gasification agent), and pressure on the gasification characteristics is analyzed. The results of simulations are compared with reported experimental measurements through which the numerical model is validated. The detailed investigation performed in the course of this study reveals that the heavy oil gasification is a feasible process that can be utilized to generate a syngas for various industrial applications.     

煤气化过程的模型和模拟与优化操作

介绍了煤气化过程的模型和煤气化过程采用机理模型的理由，固定床煤气化过程机理模型的建立以及模拟计算的结果，并探讨了固定床水煤气化炉和流化床水煤气炉制气过程优化操作参数的确定。开发的数学模型已用于制气炉的模拟计算，与实测数据比较符合，由气化过程的数学模拟气化过程不同条件下各种参数的变化规律，进而可得出气化过程的优化操作条件，其确定过程比试验法安全，省时，省料。     

GSP工艺技术

GSP工艺技术是一种大中型先进煤气化技术。介绍了该气化技术的开发过程，对气化炉结构、工艺流程、技术特点及气化后工艺对气化炉选择的影响作了分析，并提出了若干看法和建议。     

Reasearch on the main factors for changes in pressure based on turbulent circulating fluidized bed coal gasification technology

High temperature preheated air and steam as gasifying agent and coal gasification was performed in a pressurized turbulent circulating fluidized bed (CFB) gasification pilot plant to investigate the pressurized gasification process and estimate its potential. Within the scope of this paper this test facility as well as its operation behavior was described. Furthermore, the parameter pressure has been investigated regarding its influence on the syngas composition and was presented and discussed in the following. The results show that the gasification quality is improved at higher pressure because of the better fluidization in the reactor. Coal gasification at a higher pressure shows advantages in lower heat value and carbon conversion. With the gasifier pressure increased from 0.1MPa to 0.3MPa, the gas heating value is increased by 15%. Increasing the gasifier pressure would increase the carbon conversion from 57.52% to 76.76%. Also, the dry gas yield and efficiency of cold gas increase little with the increase of the gasifier pressure. The operating parameter of pressure exists at optimum operating range for this specific CFB coal gasification process.