抗高温无固相甲酸盐钻井液研究与应用

针对低压高渗储层的特点,研制出一套抗高温无固相甲酸盐钻井液体系:密度为1.05-1.60g/cm3,塑性粘度为20-40,屈服值为8-15Pa,API失水﹤10ml。室内实验证明,该无固相甲酸盐钻井液具有良好的高温稳定性、抑制性、抗污染性和保护油气层性能,能够满足低压高渗地层现场钻井的要求。     

抗高温无粘土相甲酸盐钻完井液的研制及其在英台气田的应用

针对荚台气田火山岩气藏地质条件复杂、压力系数低且富含裂缝等特点,室内研制了抗高温无粘土相甲酸盐钻完井液体系。现场应用表明,该体系具有良好的抗高温性、流变性、井壁稳定性、润滑性及优良的抑制性能和储层保护性能,保证了英台气田的正常作业及产量。     

全有机低固相抗高温完并液体系开发

主要介绍了密度为1．65g／cm2的全有机低固相抗高温完井液体系的组成、单剂筛选过程和配套处理剂配伍性的评价。确定了体系中高密度有机盐基础溶液的配比,即m（甲酸盐）：m（有机复合盐）：m（盐结晶抑制剂）：m（水）为286：44：40：100,以及配套的处理剂——抗高温储层保护剂YH—YBO]的筛选和评价,该体系适用范围广泛,是一种良好的抗高温、低固相、高密度完井液体系。     

纤维对水基泡沫液稳定性影响的研究

探讨了蔗渣浆、阔叶木浆和针叶木浆漂白后的纤维原料对水基泡沫液的发泡能力和稳定性的影响,并采用光学显微镜与Image J软件结合的方法,着重研究了水基泡沫液中气泡大小及其分布情况。结果表明,较宽的纤维长度分布有利于水基泡沫液的发泡性能;纤维长、多分散性数值大的水基泡沫液的稳定性好,气泡直径较小且大小均匀;3种浆料中,蔗渣浆纤维的水基泡沫液稳定性最差,其次是阔叶木浆纤维的水基泡沫液,针叶木浆纤维的水基泡沫液稳定性最好。     

抗高温高密度水基钻井液研究

本文针对高温深井钻井对钻井液抗高温高密度性能的要求,在分析研究目前抗高温高密度水基钻井液处理剂性能的基础上,优选、研制出高温降滤失剂LOSR、高温降粘剂THIN、高温稳定剂XP和储层保护剂XB。在大量实验的基础上,优化各处理剂加量,组配可抗220℃,密度为1.9g/mL～2.4g/mL抗高温高密度水基钻井液体系,并对体系进行室内评价。结果表明:该体系具有较强的抗电解质能力,抗钙达3000mg/L,抗盐达1.5%;通过储层保护剂的引入,储层渗透率恢复值可达93%;该体系具有极好的抗钻屑和红土污染性能,体系中钻屑和红土含量达5%时,体系性能无明显变化;体系具有良好的沉降性,静置72小时后,上下密度差为0.02g/cm3。     

高稳定性水基泡沫液的研究

探讨了稳泡剂、增黏剂、成膜剂以及温度对水基泡沫体系发泡能力和稳定性的影响,并着重研究了高稳定性水基泡沫液的复合配方。结果表明,十二烷基硫酸钠与十六醇复配具有较好的发泡能力和稳泡性,在水基泡沫液中添加适当的增黏剂和成膜剂可明显提高泡沫的稳定性和成膜性。所得的高稳定性水基泡沫液的较佳配方为(w/%):十二烷基硫酸钠2.0、十六醇1.5、羧甲基纤维素2.0、水玻璃5.0、苯丙乳液3.0。在35℃～45℃,该泡沫液100 mL的发泡量达2 400 mL,泡沫的半衰期t1/2V≥96 h。泡沫表面细密,成型性好,有一定的耐水性,可抗轻微的外界力。     

醇铜装置甲酸废水制甲酸钾工艺研究

以甲酸废水为原料,考察不同工艺条件对氢氧化钾法和碳酸钾法制取甲酸钾的影响。以废水中甲酸的去除率、产品产率为考察指标,采用单因素条件实验法,确定了制取甲酸钾的最佳工艺条件。实验研究结果表明:氢氧化钾法的在最佳工艺条件下,甲酸去除率在96.99%左右,甲酸钾产品的含量达到90.28%,产品的收率为92.79%;碳酸钾法处理该甲酸废水在最佳工艺条件下,甲酸去除率为98.83%,甲酸钾产品的含量为91.58%,产品的收率为93.7%。     

陵水17-2气田完井液与储层保护技术研究

陵水17-2气田储层属于高孔高渗砂岩气藏,存在一定的盐敏损害。室内分析了储层盐敏损害因素,针对现场使用的高矿化度盐水完井液进行了模拟评价。结果表明,陵水17-2气田储层盐敏损害机制主要为矿化度变化带来的微粒脱落运移造成的渗透率变化以及可能存在的流体不配伍带来的结垢因素。甲酸钾完井液对陵水17-2气田投产效果影响不大,具有良好的储层保护效果,可满足现场作业要求。     

一种水基完井液体系受残酸污染程度的评价方法

为针对酸化作业后残酸导致水基完井液增稠、沉淀堵塞油管等问题。采用室内实验的方法,对不同密度的完井液以不同浓度的残酸进行模拟污染并研究其流变、滤失性能变化规律。针对双探108井、磨溪132井、简探1井及龙兴1井完井液受污染后的变化情况建立了一种评价完井液残酸污染程度的方法,根据基于污染指数x的评价方法将残酸污染分为轻度、中度和重度三个等级。结果表明,水基完井液密度越大,抗残酸污染的能力越差。     

深层水平井有机硅聚磺钻井液研究与应用

针对大庆深层气藏储层特点及深层水平井施工难点,在室内实验与现场应用的基础上,研究出了一套适合大庆深层水平井的水基钻井液体系,解决了水基钻井液携岩能力低、润滑性差、抗温性差等技术难题。该体系具有较好的抑制性、良好的井壁稳定性;能包被钻屑,有利于井眼清洁;具有良好的润滑性及抗温性,在大庆深层天然气徐深21-平1井应用效果显著,有较好的应用前景。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。