850nm垂直腔面发射激光器结构优化与制备

根据分布布拉格反射镜(DBR)的工作原理,优化量子阱(QW)和DBR结构,采用Crosslight计算机模拟软件模拟了垂直腔面发射半导体激光器(VCSEL)的反射谱和QW增益谱,确定QW组分、厚度以及DBR的对数。采用分子束外延技术外延生长并制备了850nm顶发射VCSEL。测试结果表明,阱宽为5nm的In_(0.075)Ga_(0.925)As/Al_(0.35)Ga_(0.65)As QW,在室温下激射波长在840nm左右,设计的顶发射VCSEL结构通过Ocean Optics Spectra Suite软件验证,得到室温下的光谱中心波长在850nm附近,证实了结构设计的正确性。     

数值分析渐变DBR对垂直腔面发射激光器谐振腔模的影响

通过数值分析研究了含线性渐变层的Al0.9Ga0.1As/AlyGa1-yAs/GaAs/AlxGa1-xAS DBR的光学特性及其对VCSEL谐振腔光学特性的影响,建立了渐变型DBR渐变层厚度与折射率的关系,通过特征矩阵法计算了突变GaAs/Al0.9Ga0.1AS DBR和渐变型DBR的反射谱和反射相移,分析了渐变层对DBR反射率和反射相移的影响.对渐变型DBR,要使VCSEL谐振腔满足中心波长相位匹配条件,还需要在DBR靠近谐振腔一侧的最前面增加一定厚度的渐变层,称为相位匹配层.通过计算,我们得到了使VCSEL谐振腔满足相位匹配条件时均匀层和相位匹配层的厚度.     

数值分析渐变DBR对垂直腔面发射激光器谐振腔模的影响

通过数值分析研究了含线性渐变层的Al0.9Ga0.1As/AlyGa1-yAs/GaAs/AlxGa1-xAS DBR的光学特性及其对VCSEL谐振腔光学特性的影响,建立了渐变型DBR渐变层厚度与折射率的关系,通过特征矩阵法计算了突变GaAs/Al0.9Ga0.1AS DBR和渐变型DBR的反射谱和反射相移,分析了渐变层对DBR反射率和反射相移的影响.对渐变型DBR,要使VCSEL谐振腔满足中心波长相位匹配条件,还需要在DBR靠近谐振腔一侧的最前面增加一定厚度的渐变层,称为相位匹配层.通过计算,我们得到了使VCSEL谐振腔满足相位匹配条件时均匀层和相位匹配层的厚度.     

自掩蔽结构的GaAs异质结双极型微波晶体管

本文提出了一种新型结构的Npn砷化镓双极型微波晶体管,该结构用一个两层的镓铝砷(Ga_(0.4)Al_(0.6)As/Ga_(0.7)Al_(0.3)As)来代替正常的单层作宽发射极用的镓铝砷(Ga_(0.7)Al_(0.3)As)。双发射极结构中的低铝(30％)层紧靠着基区,起宽发射极作用,保持了发射极异质结的良好匹配,并使管子的开启电压Von较小。高铝(60％)层和n~+GaAs顶层相配合,成为一个工艺上易控的选择性腐蚀系统,形成了自掩蔽结构。该结构使晶体管的结面减小,工艺简化,且取得良好的性能。     

低电阻P-DBR结构的模拟分析

设计了低电阻的渐变型分布布拉格反射器(DBR)结构,模拟分析了采用渐变p-DBR结构对价带能带的影响,并详细讨论了渐变形状、渐变区宽度、掺杂浓度等参数对低电阻渐变DBR结构的价带势垒的影响.利用MOCVD技术制备了实验样品,模拟结果与实验数据基本吻合.     

数字递变异变赝衬底上2.6μm In0.83Ga0.17As/InP光电探测器的性能改进

研究了In_(0. 83)Al_(0. 17)As/In_(0. 52)Al_(0. 48)As数字递变异变缓冲层结构(DGMB)的总周期数对2. 6μm延伸波长In_(0. 83)Ga_(0. 17)As光电二极管性能的影响.实验表明,在保持总缓冲层厚度不变的情况下,通过将在InP衬底上生长的In_(0. 83)Al_(0. 17)As/In_(0. 52)Al_(0. 48)As DGMB结构的总周期数从19增加到38,其上所生长的In_(0. 83)Ga_(0. 17) As/In_(0. 83)Al_(0. 17)As光电二极管材料层的晶体质量得到了显著改善.对于在总周期数为38的DGMB上外延的In_(0. 83)Ga_(0. 17)As光电二极管,观察到其应变弛豫度增加到99. 8%,表面粗糙度降低,光致发光强度和光响应度均增强,同时暗电流水平被显著抑制.这些结果表明,随着总周期数目的增加,DGMB可以更有效地抑制穿透位错的传递并降低残余缺陷密度.     

用MBE法生长GaAs/Al_xGa_(1-x)As异质结的半绝缘Al_xGa_(1-x)As缓冲层

用分子束外延法生长了以半绝缘Al_xGa_(1-x)As为缓冲层的GaAs外延层,这种缓冲层具有很高的击穿电压。研究了击穿电压与生长条件和Al_xGa_(1-x)As缓冲层组份之间的关系。当Ⅴ族与Ⅲ族元素束流强度比增加时,以Al_(0.4)Ga_(0.6)As层作缓冲层的击穿电压比以GaAs层作缓冲层的击穿电压要高得多,而且在Al_(0.4)Ga_(0.6)As上生长的GaAs有源层具有很高的质量。     

双异质结NpN GaAlAs/GaAs双极晶体管

已经研制出双异质结NpN Ga_(0.7)Al_(0.3)As/GaAs/Ga_(0.7)Al_(0.3)As双极晶体管并进行了测试,为了形成NpN双异质结,除了一个宽禁带发射极之外,又引进了一个宽禁带集电极,NpN双异质结晶体管与双极晶体管一样,能双向工作。I/V测试表明:双异质结晶体管消除了正常情况下(共发射极)的Npn宽禁带发射极GaAs/Ga_(0.7)Al_(0.3)As晶体管0.2V的导通电压。与Npn GaAs晶体管比较,晶体管的存贮时间t_s约等于NpN GaAs晶体管的一半。     

刻槽硅衬底上的GaAs/AlGaAs超晶格材料的微结构特性

用分子束外延在有刻槽的{001}硅衬底上生长了 GaAs/Al_(0.3)Ga_(0.7)As超晶格材料,利用横断面透射电子显微术对非平而异质结的生长行为和微观结构进行了观察.研究结果表明硅衬底上刻槽的几何形状对外延层的微缺陷特性及生长行为有一定影响,和Si{001}晶面相比,Si{113}可能是一个有利于生长半导体异质结的晶面.     

808nm InGaAlAs垂直腔面发射激光器的结构设计

为实现垂直腔面发射半导体激光器(VCSEL)在808 nm波长的激射,对VCSEL芯片的整体结构进行了设计。基于应变量子阱的能带理论、固体模型理论、克龙尼克-潘纳模型和光学传输矩阵方法,计算了压应变InGaAlAs量子阱的带隙、带阶、量子化子能级以及分布布拉格反射镜(DBR)的反射谱,从而确定了量子阱的组分、厚度以及反射镜的对数。数值模拟的结果表明,阱宽为6 nm的In0.14Ga0.74Al0.12As/Al0.3Ga0.7As量子阱,在室温下激射波长在800 nm左右,其峰值材料增益在工作温度下达到4000 cm-1;渐变层为20 nm的Al0.9Ga0.1As/Al0.2Ga0.8As DBR,出光p面为23对时反射率为99.57%,全反射n面为39.5对时反射率为99.94%。设计的顶发射VCSEL结构通过光电集成专业软件(PICS3D)验证,得到室温下的光谱中心波长在800 nm处,证实了结构设计的正确性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.