铝合金棒材反挤压金属流动特点及中心粗晶形成机理的探讨（2）

铝合金棒材反挤压金属流动特点及中心粗晶形成机理的探讨（２）苏德权（东北轻合金加工厂挤压分厂黑龙江省哈尔滨市１５００６０）３反挤压棒材中心粗晶形成机理的探讨３．１反挤压棒材的组织特征挤压制品的组织和性能在很大程度上取决于挤压方法和挤压条件。当采用不润滑...     

往复挤压镁合金再结晶组织表征

利用往复挤压在300~360℃细化铸态Mg-6Zn-1Y-1Ce合金组织,研究其组织演变和挤压参数对再结晶组织的影响。结果表明：往复挤压合金横截面边缘存在不均匀环,由靠近筒壁的细晶环和粗晶环组成,其宽度随着挤压温度提高而减小;细晶环是由边缘区域与挤压筒壁摩擦而发生第二轮再结晶所致,粗晶环是由再结晶晶粒长大所致;合金晶粒度由变形速率和温度决定,经340℃挤压合金晶粒最细,平均粒径8.2μm。除边缘外,往复挤压过程中合金在挤压阶段发生一次再结晶,墩粗过程和后续多道次挤压变形都是通过晶界滑移实现。因此,随着挤压道次的增加,保温时间随之延长,晶粒随之被粗化。     

航空用7075铝合金挤压棒材粗晶环测试分析

针对本公司生产的航空用7075铝合金挤压棒材,通过分析制品力学性能、金相组织、电导率等,研究不同厚度粗晶环对它的电导率和性能的影响。试验结果表明,通过宏观组织检验,粗晶环沿制品边缘,形成粗大再结晶晶粒区,粗晶环深度从尾端向头端逐渐减小,以致完全消失,粗晶环的存在一定程度上降低了力学性能;同时粗晶环的存在也一定程度上提高铝合金的电导率;提供一种合理的生产工艺,减少粗晶环缺陷挤压棒材的产生,为航空型材产品生产及工艺试验提供技术支持与指导。     

粗晶环对无铅2011铝合金挤压棒材力学与切削性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验机和高速车床,试验研究粗晶环对无铅2011铝合金挤压棒材力学性能与切削性能的影响。结果表明:无铅2011铝合金挤压棒材组织由α-Al、Al_7Cu_2Fe、CuAl_2和SnBi共晶相组成,棒材表层存在粗晶环。粗晶环会降低铝合金挤压棒材的力学性能和切削性能,Φ30 mm棒材的粗晶环深度为9 mm,其力学性能较低,抗拉强度为287.9 N/mm~2,断后伸长率为17%,切削性能都较差,切屑较长。Φ40 mm棒材的粗晶环深度为1 mm,其力学性能高一些,切削性能好一些,抗拉强度为394.5 N/mm~2,断后伸长率为23.5%,切屑细小均匀。     

LD2合金挤压棒材粗晶环的研究

对LD2合金挤压棒材淬火后形成的粗晶环进行了研究,认为它是一次再结晶的结果。     

2618A铝合金棒材粗晶环深度控制方法探究

通过调整2618A铝合金的合金化元素、挤压温度、挤压速度等参数,试验研究2618A铝合金棒材粗晶环深度控制方法,以获得最优工艺参数,保证棒材粗晶环深度达到最小范围,满足产品用户和标准规定的要求。经过对比试验与分析,最终得到通过控制Ti与Zr元素含量以及采用低温、慢速挤压工艺达到控制粗晶环深度的方法。     

2A50铝合金挤压棒材尾端粗晶的产生原因及改善措施

利用偏振光、高倍组织和模拟等方式对2A50铝合金反挤压棒材尾部漏斗形缩尾、中心粗晶及正挤压表层粗晶环进行试验研究。结果表明,反挤压时尾端中心粗晶形成的原因是,挤压尾端死区的存在及流动金属受堵头的摩擦和冷却作用而使反挤压后期金属流动不均匀所致;正挤压产生的粗晶环,是由于外层金属变形程度比内层的大受到严重的剪切变形,积累的畸变能高,易发生再结晶并长大,且越靠近尾端越严重。同时,提出了改善缩尾、中心粗晶和粗晶环的措施。     

挤压工艺对6082-T1挤压棒材粗晶环的影响

本文通过正交试验法,研究了在一定的铸锭加热温度和挤压速度范围内,二者对6082-T1挤压棒材粗晶环缺陷的影响。研究表明:当铸锭加热温度不变,挤压速度在2. 0~5. 0 m/min范围内时,6082-T1挤压棒材的粗晶倾向随挤压速度提高而增大;当挤压速度不变,铸锭加热温度在470~510℃范围内时,6082-T1挤压棒材粗晶倾向随铸锭加热温度降低而增大。     

Mg-3Sn合金棒材的挤压数值模拟与试验验证

对Mg-3Sn合金棒材的挤压工艺进行了数值模拟,通过改变挤压比、挤压温度和挤压速度的方法优化了挤压工艺,并在优化工艺参数下进行了Mg-3Sn合金棒材的挤压加工。结果表明,Mg-3Sn合金棒材的最佳挤压比为21,挤压温度为380℃,挤压速度为3 mm/s。优化工艺下的挤压棒材晶粒组织已经得到细化,且有变形挛晶和等轴晶产生,组织较为致密,未见孔洞、挤压变形层等缺陷,棒材的抗拉强度和屈服强度都有较大幅度的提高,而断后伸长率略有降低或者基本不变。Mg-3Sn合金棒材的挤压工艺数值模拟结果与试验结果较为一致。     

6082铝合金挤压棒材粗晶环问题研究

本文对6082铝合金挤压模具、合金中Mn含量、淬火保温时间进行分析,研究6082铝合金棒材粗晶环形成原因,并制定相应挤压热处理制度,满足客户要求。     

Microstructre of Mg-6.4Zn-1.1Y Alloy Fabricatec by Rapid Solidification and Reciprocating Extrusion

In order to explore the methods to prepare high-strength quasicrystal-reinforced magnesium alloys, the flakes of rapidly solidified Mg-6.4Zn-1.1Y magnesium alloy with thickness of 50-60冚m were obtained by a melt spinning single-roller device, and then the flakes were processed into rods by reciprocating extrusion and direct extrusion. The microstructure of the alloy was analyzed by optical microscope and SEM, and the constituent phases were identified by XRD. Phase transformation and its onset temperature were determined by differential thermal analyzer (DTA). The analysis result shows that rapid solidification for Mg-6.4Zn-1.1Y alloy can inhibit the eutectic reactions, broaden the solid solubility of Zn in 冄-Mg solute solution, and impede the formation of Mg3Y2Zn3 and MgZn2 compounds, and thus help the icosahedral Mg3YZn6 quasicrystal formed directly from the melt. The microstructure of the flakes consists of the -Mg solid solution and icosahedral Mg3YZn6 quasicrystal. Dense rods can be made from the flakes by 2-pass reciprocating extrusion and direct extrusion. The interfaces between flakes in the rods can be welded and jointed perfectly. During the reciprocating extrusion and direct extrusion process, more Mg3YZn6 compounds are precipitated and distributed uniformly, whereas the rods possesses fine microstructures inherited from rapidly solidified flakes. The rods contain only two phases: 冄-magnesium solid solution as matrix and fine icosahedral Mg3YZn6 quasicrystal which disperses uniformly in the matrix.     

铝合金反向挤压中的粗晶组织

铝合金反向挤压过程中,不同的挤压工艺条件对粗晶组织将产生不同的影响。结果表明,通过调整模具工作带长度、控制挤压温度和挤压速度,可以减少粗晶组织的产生。     

AZ91镁合金的挤压和析出硬化行为(英文)

挤压比为4:1,将铸态AZ91镁合金分别在250,300和350℃下进行挤压,随后进行析出硬化处理(T6)。经过热挤压和析出硬化处理后,铸态AZ91镁合金中粗大的和偏析Mg17Al12析出相被细化并均匀分布在α-镁基体中。在不同的挤压温度下合金中发生了部分或全部动态再结晶。经挤压后,该合金的极限抗拉强度从铸态的190MPa增加到570MPa。AZ91镁合金的时效硬化特征与晶粒尺寸有关。在250、300和350℃下以4:1的挤压比挤压该合金后,获得峰值硬度的时效时间分别为35、30和20h。SEM观察到在AZ91基体中存在均匀细小的Mg17Al12析出相。     

挤压及时效处理对铸造Mg94Zn25Y25Mn1合金组织与力学性能的影响

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜等研究了Mg94Zn25Y25Mn1合金正挤压及随后200℃等温时效过程中的组织与力学性能变化。结果表明：Mg94Zn25Y25Mn1合金挤压过程发生动态再结晶,晶粒明显细化,颗粒状的形（Mg3Zn3Y2）相弥散分布,晶界处X相和晶内的14H相发生了小角度变形扭折;挤压态Mg94Zn25Y25Mn1合金经时效50h处理后,可以实现组织均匀化,消除大部分挤压缺陷,抗拉强度高达345MPa,伸长率为22．5％左右。     

AZ80镁合金塑性变形行为及等温挤压过程仿真

在温度为400℃～450℃、应变速率为0.01s-1～50s-1变形条件下,研究了AZ80镁合金的塑性变形行为,讨论了变形温度及应变速率对该合金热变形行为的影响,分析了该合金管材等温挤压的有限元模拟。研究发现,AZ80镁合金晶粒大小随温度的升高而增大,随应变速率的升高而减小;在高温变形时,发生连续动态再结晶,再结晶组织相对较均匀;通过调整挤压速度2mm/s～1mm/s,使该合金挤压出口温度维持在400℃～430℃较小范围内波动,从而保证制品的组织性能和尺寸精度的稳定。     

MICROSTRUCTURE OF Mg-6.4Zn-1.1Y ALLOY FABRICATED BY RAPID SOLIDIFICATION AND RECIPROCATING EXTRUSION

In order to explore the methods to prepare high-strength quasicrystal-reinforced magnesium alloys, the flakes of rapidly solidified Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y magnesium alloy with a thickness of 50-60 um were obtained by a melt spinning single-roller device, and the flakes were then processed into rods by reciprocating extrusion and direct extrusion. The microstructure of the alloy was analyzed by optical microscope and SEM, and the constituent phases were identified by XRD. Phase transformation and its onset temperature were determined by differential thermal analyzer (DTA). The analysis result shows that rapid solidification for Mg-6.4Zn-1.1Y alloy can inhibit the eutectic reactions, broaden the solid solubility of Zn in a-Mg solute solution, and impede the formation of Mg3 Y2 Zn3 and MgZn2 compounds, and thus help the icosahedral Mg3 YZn6 quasicrystal formed directly from the melt. The mierostrueture of the flakes consists of the a-Mg solid solution and icosahedral Mg3 YZn6 quasierystal. Dense rods can be made from the flakes by two-pass reciprocating extrusion and direct extrusion. The interfaces between flakes in the rods can be welded and jointed perfectly. During the reciprocating extrusion and direct extrusion process, more Mg3 YZn6 compounds are precipitated and distributed uniformly, whereas the rods possess fine microstructures inherited from rapidly solidified flakes. The rods contain only two phases: amagnesium solid solution as matrix and fine icosahedral Mg3 YZn6 quasicrystal which disperses uniformly in the matrix.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Mg Alloy Fabricated by Pre-compression and Frustum Shearing Extrusion

The AZ31 Mg alloys were processed by 6% pre-compression and frustum shearing extrusion at various temperatures, and the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of the resulting alloys are systematically investigated. The results show that the grain size monotonically increases from 6.4 to 12.6 lm and the texture intensity increases from 6.7 to 9.6with the increase in the extrusion temperature. The combining effect of the pre-twinning and the frustum shearing deformation is found to contribute to the development of the weak basal texture in Mg alloys. The Mg alloy sheet produced at the extrusion temperature of 563 K exhibits excellent mechanical properties. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation for the extruded alloys are 189.6 MPa, 288.4 MPa and 24.9%, respectively. Such improved mechanical properties are comparable or even superior to those of the alloys subjected to other deformation techniques, rendering the pre-compression and frustum shearing extrusion a promising way for further tailoring properties of Mg alloys.     

Effects of Reinforced Particles on Dynamic Recrystallization of Mg Base Alloys during Hot Extrusion

主要研究了SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料在不同挤压比、不同挤压温度下进行挤压后,SiC颗粒对镁合金基体中的动态再结晶现象影响。结果表明:挤压过程中颗粒周围产生了颗粒变形区(PDZ),并且颗粒变形区在低温挤压时以细小动态再结晶晶粒为主。颗粒促进动态再结晶晶粒形成的主要原因是颗粒周围较高的位错密度以及大的晶粒取向梯度。SiC颗粒对镁合金基体动态再结晶的影响主要有两方面:一方面,颗粒促进动态再结晶的形核以及生长,另一方面,当再结晶晶粒晶界碰到颗粒时,颗粒阻止了晶粒的继续长大。     

往复挤压对Mg-6%Si合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了往复挤压对铸造Mg-6%Si (质量分数,下同)合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：往复挤压4道次后,Mg-6%Si合金的显微组织得到显著细化,粗大树枝状的初生Mg2Si相变为细小颗粒状,而汉字状的共晶Mg2Si相也变为弥散分布的点状相,且这些颗粒状的Mg2Si相均匀分布在基体中。往复挤压4道次后,Mg-6%Si合金的抗拉强度和延伸率分别提高了82.3%和810.9%。断口分析表明,往复挤压合金的断裂模式由脆性断裂转变为韧-脆性断裂。     

扩展组合模连续铸挤铝管材的挤压力分析(英文)

为了确定管材扩展组合模连续铸挤过程的变形力,将金属扩展组合模的模腔划分为导流区、扩展区、分流区、焊合区和定径区,分析各区金属的受力状态;用切块法建立各区应力计算公式。将金属连续铸挤型腔划分为液相区与半固态区、固态初始夹紧区和固态夹紧区,建立管材连续铸挤挤压力计算公式。在自行设计的连续铸挤机上进行铝管扩展组合模连续铸挤实验并测量其挤压力,获得的径向挤压力实验结果与理论计算结果吻合。