半绝缘砷化镓光电导开关表面闪络电场的实验研究(英文)

With its unique features, photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) is generally recognized today as a promising power electronic device. However, a major limitation of PCSS is its surprisingly low voltage threshold of surface flashover (SF). In this paper, an experimental study of surface flashover of a back-triggered PCSS is presented. The PCSSs with electrode gap of 18 mm are fabricated from liquid encapsulated czochralski (LEC) semi-insulating gallium arsenide (SI-GaAs), and they are either un-coated, or partly coated, or en- tirely coated PCSSs with high-strength transparent insulation. The SF fields of the PCSSs are measured and discussed. According to the experimental results, the high-dielectric-strength coating is efficient in both reducing the gas desorption from semiconductor and increasing the SF field: a well-designed PCSS can resist a voltage up to 20 kV under the repetition frequency of 30 Hz. The physical mechanism of the PCSS SF is analyzed, and the conclusion is made that having a channel structure, the SF is the breakdown of the contaminated dielectric layer at the semiconductor-ambient dielectric interface. The non-uniform distribution of the surface field and the gas desorption due to thermal effects of semiconductor surface currents are key factors causing the SF field reduction.     

优化绝缘结构提高有机材料真空沿面闪络特性的研究

从绝缘结构优化考虑提出了一种新的B/MB3层有机绝缘结构,通过控制B层介电常数来提高绝缘子的真空沿面闪络性能.以聚乙烯为研究对象,制备了B/A/B 3层有机绝缘结构,即聚乙烯基复合材料(炭黑半导电母料和聚乙烯)/聚乙烯/聚乙烯基复合材料的绝缘结构.通过实验发现,当B层介电常数在一定范围内变化,聚乙烯的真空沿面闪络性能得到了显著提高.同时采用数值仿真方法模拟了这种3层结构的电场分布,仿真结果表明这种结构通过改变B层介电常数调控绝缘子的电场分布可以有效地减小电极/绝缘予/真空3结合点处的电场强度,从而抑制了真空沿面闪络的发生.     

纳秒脉冲真空绝缘沿面闪络机理研究

汇总了纳秒脉冲真空绝缘沿面闪络实验研究结果,实验表明,不同电压波形作用下闪络场强存在较大差异.纳秒脉冲闪络场强显著高于其它电压波形.分析认为纳秒脉冲闪络是一个不断向平衡状态逼近的过程,基于电子激励解吸附原理的二次电子崩理论(SEEA)适用于分析纳秒脉冲真空闪络问题.在纳秒脉冲闪络发生的微观过程中,阴极三结合点场致电子发射是真空闪络发生的必要条件,二次电子崩过程是闪络发展的必备环节.闪络过程在绝缘体表面脱附气体层中完成.     

交直流复合电压油纸绝缘的沿面局部放电特性(英文)

The valve side windings of converter transformers bear AC, DC, impulse, and reversal-polarity voltages during operation, which could result in serious insulation problems of the equipment. By performing experiments with surface discharge model of oil-paper insula- tion at 80 ℃ under combined AC-DC voltage for 200 h, we studied the spectrums and statistical parameters of partial discharges at different discharge stages. Furthermore, some fingerprint parameters were calculated in order to estimate the development situation of par- tial discharge, while the characteristic gases dissolved in the transformer oil were measured by gas chromatography. The surface discharges in the experiments were observed using a high speed camera, and a full discharge process could be marked off into four stages as follows. ①The elementary stage. When a partial discharge occurs near electrodes, electrical charges are injected into the region near electrodes and causing bubble generation. ②Due to their high resistivity and low dielectric constant, the bubbles would bare the major part of the voltage applied to samples. Therefore, discharge happens inside the small bubbles, and it emits a lot of light. ③Micromolecules of gas are produced in discharge, and further ionization in the transformer oil takes place simultaneously when high-energy electrons collide with oil molecules. ④The carrier charge moves forward to electrodes driven by the applied electric field, till they neutralize with the charge from electrodes, and hence discharge channels are formed subsequently.     

真空绝缘沿面闪络特性实验研究现状

文中系统总结了目前高压真空绝缘闪络特性的实验研究成果,具体阐述了几种典型实验模型及研究方法,以及几种重要物理因素,即绝缘材料介电常数、绝缘体几何形状及长度、施加电场波形、绝缘体表面处理、绝缘体几何面积、绝缘体预放电处理、磁场作用、多层高梯度绝缘技术等等,对真空绝缘闪络特性的影响。     

金属氧化物避雷器周围电场强度的测量与仿真(英文)

The study of the electric field around a surge arrester is useful for design procedures and diagnostic tests. The current work com- putes the electric field around a medium voltage gapless surge arrester using 2D and 3D representation of the arrester. The 2D simulation design, which is described in IEC 60099-4 Standard, cannot include the non symmetrical parts of the arrester geometry and the test arrange- ment. 3D simulation procedures have the advantage that takes into account these asymmetries, giving more accurate results for each measurement position. In order to confirm the suitability of the created models, the simulation results of the electric field, using the 2D and 3D edition of PC Opera, are compared with recorded measurements, which are obtained in laboratory using appropriate calibrated field meters.     

纳秒脉冲下真空绝缘沿面闪络特性实验研究

通过实验研究了纳秒脉冲(10/30 ns)下,真空绝缘沿面闪络电压随圆台形绝缘体锥角、圆柱形绝缘体截面直径、实验气压以及电极材料等物理因素的变化趋势,结果表明圆台形绝缘体锥角变化对闪络电压影响非常明显;厚度相同的圆柱形绝缘体闪络电压随截面直径的增大而降低,且直径越小,变化幅度越大;当气压处于高真空范围,即10-5~10-1Pa时,气压变化对闪络电压不构成影响;高真空条件下不同电极材料对闪络电压无影响。并在系统分析实验结果的基础上,提出了真空绝缘结构设计原则。     

油老化状态不同时油纸绝缘的空间电荷特性(英文)

Oil-paper compound insulation has been widely used in power transformers for quite a long time because of its good performances. The insulation gradually degrades under combined thermal, electrical and chemical stresses during routine operations, mainly because of space charges inside. This work investigated the space charge characteristics in oil-paper insulation under oil aging circumstance. New trans- former oil samples are thermally aged to obtain different aging states, and their physical and chemical properties are analyzed. New Kraft papers are dried in vacuum and fully immersed in these different aged oil samples, and three kinds of oil-paper samples are obtained. We use the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method to measure space charge under both DC voltage-on and voltage-off conditions at room temperature. The effect of oil aging state on characteristics of space charge injection, accumulation, and decay is analyzed and discussed. The results show that comparing with the DC voltage-off condition, more charges are injected into samples at the interface of electrode and dielectric when DC voltage is on. When the oil-aged state gets worse, more charges are induced at both cathode and anode, more space charges are accumulated in the bulk, the area of negative charges is larger, and local electric field is distorted more seriously. Moreover, for the voltage-off condition, aged oil is good for space charge decay, and trapped positive space charges decay faster than trapped negative charges.     

沿冰层表面流注传播场稳定性的实验研究与分析(英文)

The electric field required for stable propagation of a positive streamer along an ice surface was investigated by measuring the currents associated with the streamer discharge.The influence of the surface properties,namely the existence of a water film on the ice surface and surface contamination,was analyzed.Results showed that in the presence of an ice surface,except in case of low conductive surface,streamers propagate stably with an external field lower than that generally measured for propagation in air alone(approximately 5 kV/cm).For higher contamination levels,the stability field was found to be slightly influenced by the temperature,while for lower contamination levels,it decreased significantly with an increase in temperature.     

采用多电极结构的大面积表面介质阻挡放电特性(英文)

Surface gas discharge(SGD)plasmas have potential applications in the fields of active flow control,gas purification,heat transfer enhancement,etc.In order to obtain a uniform,stable and large-area SGD at atmosphere,a multi-electrode SGD plasma generator is designed in this paper.The major features of this newly-designed SGD plasma generator is as follows:the air-exposed upper grounded electrodes are made of nine tungsten wires and flush mounted on the dielectric PTFE barrier layer,while the lower powered electrode is made of a copper foil and encapsulated inside the PTFE material to avoid the ignition of the gas discharges below the dielectric barrier layer.The measurements on the electrical characteristics,fast imaging of discharges and the preliminary numerical analysis on the electric field distributions suggest that the multi-electrode configuration of the plasma generator plays a crucial role in enhancing the local electrical field,and subsequently,leads to the stable,quasi-uniform and large-area surface discharges.     

电场诱导产生的聚低密度聚乙烯和取向排列蒙脱土的纳米复合材料的特性(英文)

In order to make montmorillonite (MMT) nanosheets disperse in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with highly homogeneous orientation, alternating voltage is applied to molten LDPE with MMT nanosheets. The effect of electric field on the dispersion of MMT in the solidified LDPE is studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses suggest that the MMT nano- sheets are aligned with high anisotropy to the electric field direction, which is perpendicular to the LDPE film plane. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results reveal that the crystallization degree of the oriented LDPE/MMT composite increases. Moreover, through a broadband dielectric spectroscopy analyzer, it is found that MMT manifests a significantly influence in the dielectric property of the oriented composite: the dielectric constant and loss tangent of the composite both become larger. Analysis shows that the electric field-induced torque caused by the polarization of MMT flakes is the main force inducing the orientation of the MMT flakes.     

多层均压结构可加工陶瓷真空沿面耐电特性的实验与仿真研究

真空中沿固体绝缘材料表面的闪络电压通常远低于绝缘材料自身及相同长度真空间隙的击穿电压,这一现象极大地限制了高压真空设备的发展。将一种具有优良可加工性能和良好耐电性能的可加工陶瓷引入真空绝缘领域,结合工程实际中的绝缘堆结构,加工制作了多层均压结构;在纳秒脉冲电压下对不同多层均压结构的样品进行了真空沿面耐电性能的测试,并分析了不同均压结构对样品沿面电场和电子运动轨迹的影响。结果表明：多层均压结构样品的耐压强度要高于圆柱形样品,且其闪络场强随着绝缘层与金属层比例的增大有增大的趋势,径向电场随该比例的增大而减小;使用圆台形绝缘子组成多层均压绝缘结构时,电子难以与样品表面发生碰撞,闪络的稳定性得到了一定程度的提高。     

c-C_4F_8在球板电极下的绝缘性能和绝缘子沿面闪络特性研究

文中从c-C_4F_8的绝缘性能和绝缘子沿面闪络特性角度出发,进行了球板电极下对c-C_4F_8的工频击穿实验和雷电冲击实验,以及常压下绝缘子的沿面闪络击穿实验。同时进行了SF_6、N_2和CO_2的对比实验。实验结果表明,对于气隙击穿的工频耐压实验和雷电冲击实验,c-C_4F_8的击穿电压值都随着间隙距离的升高而增加,并呈线性趋势;在稍不均匀电场中,c-C_4F_8的绝缘性能约为SF_6的1.4倍;c-C_4F_8中绝缘子的闪络电压明显大于SF_6。从绝缘性能的角度来看,c-C_4F_8在某些条件下可以作为SF_6的一种替代气体,用在电力设备中。     

纳米Al_(2)O_(3)/环氧树脂复合材料微秒脉冲沿面闪络特性研究北大核心CSCD

GIS中由于开关分合闸等操作而引发的内部脉冲过电压会导致绝缘件表面出现多次闪络击穿等问题。因此,文中研究了不同纳米Al_(2)O_(3)填充含量下环氧树脂复合材料在微秒脉冲电压下的沿面闪络特性;并针对1.5%Al_(2)O_(3)/EP复合材料在脉冲电压频率为10 kHz,幅值为18 kV,电极间隙为10 mm下开展沿面闪络老化试验,对比老化前后闪络电压最小值和表面电阻变化趋势,分析不同程度的老化对绝缘材料表面微观形貌、元素成分以及电气性能的影响。结果表明,预加直流电晕放电能够降低环氧树脂材料的闪络电压,且当纳米Al_(2)O_(3)填充含量为1.5%时对闪络现象的抑制效果最为显著。同时,环氧树脂复合材料在经过沿面闪络老化试验后,老化区域C、O元素之比降低,材料表面形成大量凸起颗粒和裂纹,使其呈现疏松、亲水等特点。研究结果可为提升环氧树脂表面耐压能力提供指导意义。     

SF_(6)直流穿墙套管金属微粒产生过程模拟及沿面闪络特性研究EI北大核心CSCD

穿墙套管是特高压直流输电工程中不可替代的关键装备。在SF_(6)气体绝缘直流穿墙套管内,部件间的相互摩擦会产生大量金属微粒,这是引发其内绝缘失效的主要原因之一。因此,研究金属微粒的产生过程和形貌特征,进而研究其对闪络的影响具有重要意义。该文计算某特高压工程中昼夜温差与风致振动工况下触指的振动幅值和频率,开展触指磨损实验,基于磨损产物进行金属微粒吸附实验以及闪络电压测量实验。结果表明:脉动风作用下的触指磨损程度较大,是金属微粒的主要来源;在粘着磨损以及磨粒磨损的耦合作用下,产生的微粒基本处于微米级,材料包括铝、银、锌和铜,大微粒多为片状,小微粒多为椭球状;在库仑力的作用下,微粒主要在绝缘支柱法向电场较大的表面吸附;附着微米级金属微粒可以使得环氧闪络电压下降20%。该研究结果可为金属微粒对绝缘特性影响的研究提供选型参考。