微生物絮凝剂发展现状与应用前景

微生物絮凝剂是一种具有广阔应用前景的天然高分子絮凝剂,因其具有高效、无毒、无二次污染等性质而备受人们的关注,并广泛应用于水处理、食品加工和发酵工业。作者综述了微生物絮凝剂的研究现状与发展趋势：阐述了微生物絮凝剂的结构、性质、特点和种类;分析了微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理。针对目前微生物絮凝剂发展的“瓶颈”问题,认为降低成本、充分利用生物技术以及与传统絮凝剂复配使用将成为微生物絮凝剂今后发展的方向。     

微生物絮凝剂及其在水处理中的应用

介绍了微生物絮凝剂的特性和种类,分析了微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理,综述了其在水处理中的应用,指出降低成本及与传统絮凝剂联合使用等将成为微生物絮凝剂今后的发展方向。     

微生物絮凝剂的研究与应用进展

综述了传统絮凝剂在水处理中存在的缺陷以及微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的优越性，对微生物絮凝剂可能在将来取代或部分取代传统的无机及有机高分子絮凝剂做了科学地分析，并针对现今微生物絮凝剂发展的不足指出了今后的发展趋势。     

微生物絮凝剂的研究现状及发展趋势

随着环境保护要求的日趋严格、开发无毒、无污染的微生物絮凝剂迫在眉睫。在研究了微生物絮凝剂的结构、性质、分类及特点的基础上,指出了今后微生物絮凝剂的研究方向。     

微生物絮凝剂的研究发展及应用

微生物絮凝剂因其无毒无害、可生物降解等优点，在废水处理、食品工业、化工及生物制药等行业具有广泛的应用前景。作者综述了水处理中絮凝剂的现状与发展趋势；阐述了微生物絮凝剂的性质、特点等。利用生物技术以及与无机、有机絮凝剂复配使用将成为微生物絮凝剂发展及应用的主要方向。     

微生物絮凝剂的研究与应用进展

综述了微生物絮凝剂可能的絮凝机理、影响微生物絮凝剂形成的因素、影响絮凝效果的因素以及复合微生物絮凝剂的研究成果,简要介绍了微生物絮凝剂的实际应用情况,并就今后的研究开发提出了一些建议.     

微生物絮凝剂的最新研究进展

对近年来微生物絮凝剂领域里的研究新进展进行了综述,包括：为降低絮凝剂的培养成本所进行的替代培养基选择;微生物絮凝剂的分子生物学研究;复合型微生物絮凝剂的研究进程;微生物絮凝剂与无机絮凝剂以及有机絮凝剂的复配使用研究。并对微生物絮凝剂的未来研究方向进行了分析。     

微生物絮凝剂

微生物絮凝剂是一种安全无毒，无二次污染的新一代絮凝剂，具有良好的絮凝作用和脱色性能，简要地介绍了微生物絮凝剂的概念。     

絮凝剂的研究进展

介绍了无机絮凝剂、有机絮凝剂、微生物絮凝剂的研究和应用情况．并分析预测了其发展趋势。     

微生物絮凝剂的研究及其应用

微生物絮凝剂是一种具有广阔应用前景的天然高分子絮凝剂,因其无毒、可生物降解、无二次污染等独特的性质受到人们的广泛关注。主要综述了微生物絮凝剂的开发现状和应用进展,包括微生物絮凝剂的发展概况、微生物絮凝剂的种类和结构特性、微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理及微生物絮凝剂应用现状及影响因素等,介绍了微生物絮凝剂在污染治理等领域的实际应用。     

水基(乳液)胶粘剂微生物污染及其罐内防腐效果测试

对广东省部分水基(乳液)胶粘剂生产企业微生物污染的来源和种群进行了调查,建立以微生物攻击挑战性试验来快速判定水基(乳液)胶粘剂罐内防腐效果的评价方法,探索该类胶粘剂微生物污染的有效防治技术。     

Fatty Acids of Microbial Origin in the Perirenal Fat of Rats (Rattus norvegicus domestica) and Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Fed Various Diets

Guinea pigs are assumed to practice caecotrophy to a higher degree than rats. Studies from leporids suggest that through the practice of caecotrophy, hindgut fermenting species could build up microbial fatty acids (FA) in body tissues. We hypothesized that microbial FA would be detectable in the body tissue of guinea pigs and rats, and this to a higher degree in guinea pigs. Twenty-four rats and guinea pigs were fed with four different pelleted diets (lucerne-, meat-, meat-bone-, insect-based) in groups of six animals for 8 weeks. Perirenal adipose tissue differed in FA composition between the species in spite of the common diets. FA typically associated with microbial activity (saturated FA (SFA; typically 18:0), monounsaturated FA (MUFA; typically trans-fatty acids TFA), and odd- and branched-chain FA (Iso-FA)), were all detected. Guinea pigs had higher SFA levels than rats except on the lucerne diet. Concentrations of 18:0 were higher for guinea pigs on the meat and bone diet. Iso-FA concentrations in guinea pigs exceeded those of rats on all diets. FA profiles with a microbial fingerprint appear—although in low proportions—in the body tissue of both species, and this seemingly to a higher extent in guinea pigs. With respect to whether consumption of rodent meat rich in microbial FA has particular effects on human health as shown for ruminant products, microbial FA concentrations are probably too low to cause any distinct effects.     

不同时期排泥对培养SBBR生物膜的影响

序批式生物膜反应器（sequencing biofilm batch reactor, SBBR）是应用广泛的污水处理方法。为探究不同时期排泥对SBBR污染物去除效果与微生物群落结构的影响，本研究设置了挂膜初期、中期和后期进行排泥的反应器处理生活污水，同时结合16S rDNA高通量测序技术对微生物群落结构进行分析，并采用机器学习（machine learning, ML）的方法，在传统的微生物优势种分析基础上，对测序数据进行深度挖掘，寻找造成组间差异的关键物种。水质测定结果显示，COD去除效果在不同时期排泥的SBBR间没有明显差异，出水COD均低于30mg/L。挂膜中期排泥的SBBR的NH₃-N去除率先达到稳定且高于前期和后期排泥的系统。高通量测序结果显示，各SBBR中微生物优势种均以降解有机物的物种为主。挂膜中期排泥的SBBR中，ML筛选得到的NH₃-N去除相关物种（Hydrogenophaga、Gemmata和Nitrospira）与差异关键物种丰度更高，微生物群落结构稳定性更强，可从微生物层面解释分析SBBR污染物去除效果的差异。     

Insights into constructing a stable and efficient microbial consortium

Microbial consortia are ubiquitous in nature, in which multiple microbial species cooperate to complete some important tasks such as lignocellulose degradation. Because of the advantages such as reduced metabolic burden and robustness to environment disturbances, developing a microbial consortium is a promising approach for valuable product synthesis, lignocellulose utilization, human health care, bioremediation and sustainable energy, etc. Despite the benefits, however, most artificial microbial consortia confront the problems of instability and low efficiency due to growth competition and metabolite incompatibility. To overcome these challenges, multiple strategies to design efficient synthetic microbial consortia have been reported. In this review, the interactions that determine the stability and performance of microbial consortia were described. Progress of artificial microbial consortia research was summarized,and the key strategies i.e., spatial or temporal segregation, separated utilization of nutrients, nutrient cross-feeding and division of labor, that will be of great importance for achieving a stable and efficient microbial consortium were highlighted. Two novel advanced tools, signaling molecule systems and computational models, were also introduced and discussed. We believed that combining the universal cell–cell signaling molecule systems with computational models will be promising for synthetic microbial consortia construction in the future.     

Developing Soil Microbial Inoculants for Pest Management: Can One Have Too Much of a Good Thing?

Soil microbes present a novel and cost-effective method of increasing plant resistance to insect pests and thus create a sustainable opportunity to reduce current pesticide application. However, the use of microbes in integrated pest management programs is still in its infancy. This can be attributed primarily to the variations in microbial inoculum performance under laboratory and field conditions. Soil inoculants containing single, indigenous microbial species have shown promising results in increasing chemical defenses of plants against foliar feeding insects. Conversely, commercial inoculants containing multiple species tend to show no effects on herbivore infestation in the field. We present here a simple model that endeavours to explain how single and multiple species in microbial inoculants differentially govern insect population dynamics via changes in plant chemical profiles. We discuss further how this knowledge can be applied to manipulate soil microbial species and develop ‘tailored’ microbial inoculants that could be used in plant protection against antagonists.     

微生物絮凝剂的研究与应用

絮凝沉降法是目前国内外用来提高水质处理效率的一种既经济又简便的水处理方法,絮凝剂是絮凝沉降法的核心;而微生物絮凝剂则是利用生物技术,通过微生物发酵抽提精制得到的一类沉降效率高、生物降解性好、使用范围广的新型絮凝剂。本文概述了微生物絮凝剂的研究现状,介绍了微生物絮凝剂的种类,分析了微生物絮凝剂的絮凝作用机理及其在水处理中的应用,展望了微生物絮凝剂的发展趋势。     

Do Scleractinian Corals Engage in Chemical Warfare Against Microbes?

Corals are constantly exposed to ubiquitous microbes. Detrimental effects of microbes on corals include surface fouling and disease. To prevent fouling and disease, corals need to resist microbial colonization and invasion. One way that this could be achieved is by chemical defense. Extracts from 100 scleractinian coral species (44 genera and 13 families) were screened for antimicrobial activity against seven microbe species (Alteromonas rubra, Photobacterium damsela, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Synechococcus sp., and Staphylococcus aureus). Activity against Synechococcus sp. (a marine cyanobacterium) was recorded in 100 coral species, and eight of these coral species also inhibited the growth of marine bacteria. The extent of microbial colonization on coral surfaces was assessed in 20 scleractinian species to test the hypothesis that fewer microbes occur on corals that have antimicrobial compounds. Bacterial counts exceeded cyanobacterial counts on coral surfaces, and coral species with antibacterial activity had the fewest bacteria on their surfaces. Thus, corals with less heavily colonized surfaces chemically inhibit microbial colonization.     

Electrochemical characterization of anodic biofilm development in a microbial fuel cell

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and polarization tests were used to monitor the progress of the anode colonization by electrode-reducing microorganisms in a single-chamber membraneless microbial fuel cell seeded with anaerobic sludge. The electrochemical methods showed that an increase in microbial fuel cell power output coincided with a progressive decrease of the anode internal resistance and a more negative open circuit potential. Two redox systems were observed in cyclic voltammograms shortly after microbial fuel cell startup, while a redox system with a peak around ?330 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) was predominant in the mature biofilm. The redox systems were also dependent on the external resistance chosen for microbial fuel cell operation. This suggests that within the diverse microbial populations several species are capable of electron transfer to the anode, and that the microorganisms with the highest electron transfer rate become predominant. Furthermore, the growth of these electrode-reducing microorganisms can be accelerated by optimizing the microbial fuel cell electrical load.