气固多相双通道同轴射流湍流场的数值模拟(2)

运用气固多相流数值模拟软件对双通道同轴气固射流湍流场进行了数值模拟研究,预测结果与ＬＤＶ激光测速仪测得的固体颗粒速度分布值进行了比较,结果表明,吻合较好,该软件为气固多相流工程设备的快速、经济的开发研究提供了相应的辅助工具,同时,也是理论研究气固多相化学反应流的基础。     

气固多相旋转射流的数值模拟研究

以气固多相旋转射流的偏微分方程组为基础,针对采用k-ε双方程湍流模型模拟旋转湍流场尚存的不足,本文通过对湍流耗散率方程修正的方法,数值模拟研究了气相湍流场、颗粒运动轨迹和轴向速度分布规律,开发研制出相应的通用计算软件,其预测结果与LDV实测值吻合较好.     

同轴射流旋流燃烧室内湍流流动的数值模拟

应用完整形式的改进代数Reynolds应力模型对旋流燃烧室内两股同轴旋转射流的湍流流动进行了数值模拟 .模拟得到的结果与实验测量数据以及k -ε模型和简化形式的改进代数应力模型的模拟结果进行的对比表明 ,改进的代数应力模型可以给出比k -ε模型和简化形式的改进代数应力模型更为合理的湍流旋流流场模拟结果 .     

受限气固两相射流的实验研究和数值模拟

采用PV4A颗粒测速仪测量受限气固两相射流流场中固体颗粒的速度和浓度并运用CFD软件对颗粒相进行数值模拟,模拟和实验结果基本吻合。结果表明,颗粒轴线速度衰减存在一个峰值而轴线相对浓度在起始段急剧衰减然后趋于平缓;颗粒因为湍流扩散在炉壁上有富集现象,并且相对于小粒径颗粒,大颗粒在壁面富集现象更明显。实验结果对粉煤气流床气化炉的工业应用有重要的参考意义。     

射流泵湍流场的数值模拟与实验研究

采用k-ε湍流模型和非等间距加密网格,对射流泵流场进行了数值模拟和分析,并对相应的流场进行了实验研究.结果表明,流场轴向速度剖面在扩散管段具有较好的自相似性,而在喉管段则不然;这种速度剖面变化的转折点与喉管的长度有关;流场的湍动能分别在喷嘴出口与扩散管入口处产生峰值,并且前者远大于后者,可见射流泵流场中,湍流主要发生在喉管入口处,湍动能的不平衡将导致额外的能量损失.本研究结果对工程应用有指导意义.     

多喷嘴射流式分离器内气固流动特性的数值模拟

基于商用软件Fluent 6.3.26,采用雷诺应力模型及DPM离散相模型并结合理论分析,对基于喷嘴造旋的射流式分离器内两相流动特性进行了模拟计算,得到了较为全面的两相流动规律与细节.结果显示,分离器内部切向速度峰值可达160 m·s^-1,自由涡区的切向速度约为130 m·s^-1,旋流强度明显高于传统旋风单管;沿轴向下,下行流流量逐次减少,其中稳流体顶部下行流降低最为明显,下行流减少致使颗粒卷入内旋流概率增加,分离效果下降;分离器内部局部存在顶部贴壁射流、射流区二次流及灰斗口旋涡流等次级流动;分离器压降约为27.43 kPa,喷嘴区内外旋流能耗分别为4.57 kPa(21.8%)、5.76 kPa(27.6%),稳流体区内外旋流能耗分别为5.85 kPa(27.6%)、4.01 kPa(18.9%);分离器对应的切割粒径较小,约为1.6 μm,极限粒径约为10 μm,符合工业应用要求;基于所建颗粒受力模型及模拟条件下,分离空间可分离的临界粒径为1～2 μm,3 μm及以上颗粒的逃逸浓度小于 0.15 g·m^-3,满足下游烟机对气流的净化要求.     

流化床气固流动二维数值模拟

为了获得流化床中床层在不同气速下的流动特性,根据某一生物质发电厂中的HX220/9.8-IV1型纯烧生物质的循环流化床锅炉进行二维建模,通过FLUENT软件对床层冷态流态化进行二维数值模拟,调整一二次风入口风速以获得不同的表观气速,得到了鼓泡床、湍动床以及快速床的气固流动状态,并在快速床的基础上模拟了床层在气流作用下的稀相输送状态。模拟结果清晰展示了各个状态下的床层颗粒的分布情况。     

用于Texaco气化炉同轴射流计算的不同湍流模型的比较

应用商业CFD软件Fluent,分别采用Spalart-Allmaras模型、标准k-ε模型、RNG k-ε模型、Realizable k-ε模型和RSM模型对气化炉同轴射流冷态实验台进行了数值模拟,并通过不同模型计算结果与实验结果的对比,讨论了各模型受网格质量、网格类型和边界条件的影响。通过对比发现,S-A模型和标准k-ε模型受网格质量影响最小,但准确性不高;RSM模型受网格影响较大;而RNG k-ε模型和R k-ε模型在网格划分合理的情况下,能够给出合理的结果。     

气液固三相湍流流动的E/E/L模型与模拟

采用基于双流体模型与粒子分散模型相结合的方法 ,建立了一个用于描述气液固三相湍流流动的Eulerian/Eulerian/Lagrangian模型 (简称E/E/L模型 ) .在Euler坐标系中考虑了气液两相 ,利用双流体模型来表述气液两相的相互关系 ;同时在Lagrange坐标系中考察了颗粒的运动 ,并把颗粒对气液两相的影响耦合于双流体模型中 .以流化床内气液固三相湍流流动为例进行的数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合良好 .所提出的模型及其模拟具有很好的准确性和可靠性 ,为研究气液固三相湍流流动提供了一种新的途径     

催化裂化沉降器内气固两相流动的数值模拟分析

本文利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT6.1对工业尺度下沉降器内的压力分布、油气和催化剂的速度分布以及催化剂的浓度分布等进行了较详尽的数值模拟,确定了沉降器内的流动死区和较易结焦的部位,为研究催化裂化沉降器内的结焦动力学提供了定量的参考依据.     

气体涡旋燃烧器三维湍流场的数值模拟

以气体湍流运动的微分方程组及 ｋε湍流模型为基础,采用 Ｓ Ｉ Ｍ Ｐ Ｌ Ｅ 算法数值模拟研究了气体涡旋燃烧器中的三维旋转湍流场。旋转方向的迭代采用了 Ｃ Ｔ Ｄ Ｍ Ａ 方法,计算收敛速度明显加快。预测结果与日本古火田朋彦的 Ｌ Ｄ Ｖ 冷模实测值吻合较好。     

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF A RECTANGULAR TURBULENT JET IN A CROSS FLOW

The trajectories and decay of the maximum velocity for turbulent jets in a cross flow were simulated by means of the κ — ? two-equation turbulence model in which differential equations were solved for the kinetic energy of turbulence and for the rate of its dissipation. The solution procedure employed an elliptic finite-difference scheme with the three velocity components and the pressure as the main dependent variables. The essential properties of the jet were discussed in the case of different ratios of the rectangular orifice length to the width H/B, ratios of the jet injected velocity to the main stream velocity R; and different injection angles α. The numerical prediction results were presented in the form of equivalent diameter. Lastly, two correlation equations were obtained and the numerical predictions are shown to agree well with the experimental data.     

轴对称型立筒预热器内湍流场的数值方法研究

采用湍流方程组及STMPLE数值计算方法,调试出能够计算各种轴对称型立筒预热器内湍流场的程序。多次数值试验表明,该程序完全可用来根据立筒的实际尺寸和边界条件,计算立筒内的时均速度场、压力分布等运动参数,并且直接绘出流线谱图,从而减轻或替代测试工作,同时也可为已经投产的立筒预热器优化操作参数并为新设计预热器选型。作为算例,本文计算了Krupp型正锥缩口预热器内的湍流流动,并与实测值进行了比较,吻合较好。     

NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS OF TUBE BUNDLES EROSION BY TURBULENT PARTICLE-LADEN GAS FLOWS

Erosion of tubes in tube bundles by particles suspended in gas flows is a major problem in the power industry. In this paper, a numerical study has been conducted for the flow of a dilute particle-laden gas moving past two row in-line tubes undergoing erosion. An orthogonal-curvilinear co-ordinate system was used to calculate turbulent flow around the tubes. The prediction of particle trajectories took into account the effect of the turbulence with a stochastic particle dispersion model. The results from this study included the distributions of particle collision frequency and erosion damage of tube surfaces.     

NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS OF TUBE BUNDLES EROSION BY TURBULENT PARTICLE-LADEN GAS FLOWS

Erosion of tubes in tube bundles by particles suspended in gas flows is a major problem in the power industry. In this paper, a numerical study has been conducted for the flow of a dilute particle-laden gas moving past two row in-line tubes undergoing erosion. An orthogonal-curvilinear co-ordinate system was used to calculate turbulent flow around the tubes. The prediction of particle trajectories took into account the effect of the turbulence with a stochastic particle dispersion model. The results from this study included the distributions of particle collision frequency and erosion damage of tube surfaces.     

周边式二沉池流态数值模拟

利用改进的RNG两方程湍流模型,借助大型计算流体力学软件FLUENT,对不同回流比情况下的周边进水周边出水二次沉淀池进行了数值模拟。结果表明：由于周边式沉淀池出水口和进水口在同侧距离较近,会发生短流,沉淀池容积利用率也较低,导致沉淀效率下降。随着回流比的增加,短流和死区会减少,但始终不能消除,周边式二沉池内不存在理想的设计流态。     

焦炉煤气转化反应器的数值模拟

通过对焦炉煤气和纯氧在双孔喷嘴石英管反应器内发生非预混燃烧的过程进行实验研究和数值模拟,得到了反应器内温度分布、流场、浓度分布和反应产品气(合成气)中H2/CO比.模拟结果显示,反应主要在靠近氧气入口的区域内发生,反应器壁温对反应结果有非常重要的影响.实验结果和模拟结果比较,表明温度和流场吻合得很好,组分分布略有误差.     

梭式窑空气动力模型中紊流流动与对流传热的数值模拟研究

为深入了解梭式窑对流换热规律和产生换热不均匀的原因,利用CFD软件FLUENT^TM 5.4.8,构造了非保形结构化－非结构化混合网格,采用标准紊动能－紊动能耗散率（K－ε）模型,对梭式窑空气动力模型内部紊流流动与传热进行了数值模拟研究。得出了烧嘴射流的发展过程以及烟气速度场和温度场的分布特征。分析了料垛之间以及料垛局部换热的不均匀分布特征和成因。结果表明：外围料垛换热较强、内部料垛换热较弱,造成料垛间换热不均匀。料垛间隙的周期性分布导致料垛周向换热不均匀,三层烧嘴作用范围不同导致料垛纵向换热不均匀,有关数值模拟结果与文献实验数据符合较好。在此基础上,提出了调整料垛码法、烧嘴位置和流量匹配等改善对流换热均匀性的措施,并给出了调整原则。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TURBULENT FLOW OF AGITATED LIQUID WITH PITCHED BLADE IMPELLER

The turbulent flow field in an agitated system with baffles was solved numerically using the standard k-e model, an algebraic Reynolds stress model (ASM) and a differential Reynolds stress model (RSM). The commercial software FLOW3D (CFDS, Harwell Laboratories, 1991) was used for this purpose. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the impeller boundary conditions and turbulence models to the agreement with experimentally obtained laser-Doppler anemometry data. The boundary conditions for the impeller discharge used in the numerical calculations were obtained as whole-cycle-ensemble averages from experimental LDA-measurements (Fort et al., 1992). Since measurements of the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy ( ε) was not available the dissipation rate per unit mass in the impeller discharge was estimated from the expression:

where k is the turbulent kinetic energy per unit mass and L the macroscale of turbulence in the pitched blade impeller discharge. The macroscale of turbulence (L) in the impeller boundary condition for e was varied in order to optimize the fit of theoretically obtained profiles of turbulent kinetic energy with experimental data. The constant A was fixed to 0.85 according to Wu and Patterson (1989). The optimal values of L for the different turbulence models were compared with the projected height of the impeller blade (h). All three components of the mean velocity were compared with experimental data for the optimal ratio of L/h for six radial cross-sections in the tank.

The mean velocity field obtained from simulations showed good agreement with experimental data for all models, with somewhat better agreement for the k — e model. An optimal value of the ratio L/h was found to be equal to 2.0 for the k — ε model and 1.3 for the ASM. However, no such optimal value for the RSM could be determined in this study.