二氯丙醇皂化合成环氧氯丙烷工艺的研究

研究以二氯丙醇（DCH）和氢氧化钠为原料制备环氧氯丙烷的反应精馏过程,考察反应温度、空时、原料配比和蒸汽量等因素对环氧氯丙烷收率的影响,结果表明：在管式反应器温度为50℃,空时为5s,n（NaOH）：n（DCH）=1．06：1,n（水蒸气）：H（DCH）=（3．8～4．2）：1,反应精馏塔塔釜温度为（101±1）℃,塔顶温度为（89．5±0．5）℃的条件下,环氧氯丙烷收率在95％以上,反应精馏塔釜液甘油质量分数小于0．8％。     

硫酸和硫酸氢铵混合分解磷矿的研究

对硫酸、硫酸氢铵混合分解磷矿进行了研究,考察了硫钙比和硫酸氢铵加入量对磷矿分解的影响。在此基础上,以硫钙比、硫酸氢铵加入量、成品磷酸P20,质量分数、反应时间、反应温度为主要影响因素,进行正交实验。得出最优工艺条件是：m（SO2-/4）／m（CaO）=1．02,m（NH4HSO4）：m（H2SO4）=0．20（即分解磷矿所需硫酸总量的20％由NH4HSO4提供）,反应温度80℃,成品磷酸P2O5质量分数为26％,反应时间3．5h。     

氢化松香甘油酯的合成反应研究

以氢经松香和甘油为原料、ZnO为催化剂进行酯化反应的研究。探索了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间以及甘油加入方式对酯化反应的影响，找出了最佳反应参数为：原料松香与甘油的摩尔比2．0：1、催化剂用量（质量分数）0．2％、反应温度270℃、反应时间3h、甘油的加入方式为一次性全部加入。     

铜配合物催化环氧乙烷合成碳酸乙烯酯

借助于铜配合物的多相催化作用,研究环氧乙烷（EO）和CO2一步合成碳酸乙烯酯（EC）的反应,探索制备催化剂的溶剂种类、制备温度、回流时间对催化剂催化活性的影响以及反应温度、反应压力等因素对反应过程的影响．实验结果表明,以无水乙醇为溶剂,80～90℃制备温度下,回流60min制备的CuBr2-（NY）,配合物催化剂催化活性最高．最佳反应工艺条件为：反应原料中添加EC（n（EC）／n（EO）=5．5±0．5）时,催化剂质量分数为2％～2．5％,反应温度为（110±10）℃,反应压力为（3．5±0．5）MPa,n（H2O）／n（EO）=0．5．在此条件下,EO的转化率达到98．16％,EC的选择性达到87．64％．     

POE／PE反应挤出接枝马来酸酐

研究了辛烯-乙烯共聚物，聚乙烯（POE／PE）的掺混比例、马来酸酐（MAH）单体和过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）用量、第二单体的种类、反应温度、螺杆转速、真空度对接枝产品性能的影响情况以及接枝产品与尼龙共混注塑制得的样品的性能，得到了使该种接枝产品使用性能最佳的配方和工艺条件，即POE／PE为75／25；MAR用量1．3％～1．5％（质量分数），DCP用量：0．04％～0．06％（质量分数），第二单体苯乙烯用量为1．2％～1．5％（质量分数），螺杆转速：40-50r／min，真空度0．01MPa，螺筒温度：140～195℃。     

晶化条件对HZSM-5分子筛合成收率和性能的影响

考察了SiO2-Al2O3-TPABr-NH3·H20—H2O体系晶化时间、晶化温度和原料用量等对合成HZSM-5性能的影响。当n（SiO2）：n（Al2O3）=100、n（TPABr）：n（SiO2）=0．1、n（NH3）：n（SiO2）=1．5、n（H2O）：n（SiO2）=22和晶种添加质量分数为4％时,180℃静态晶化72h,合成收率与相对结晶度分别为10．1％和99．8％,对应理论收率为11．4％,合成收率与理论收率比为0．89。当投料n（SiO2）：n（A1203）从50增加到400,合成收率与结晶度分别超过8．9％和82．8％,合成收率与理论收率比为0．76—0．89;样品酸量随着n（SiO：）：n（Al2O3）的增加逐渐减小,比表面积为405m2·g-1,合成样品HZSM-5对甲醇制烯烃反应具有良好的酸催化活性。设定反应条件,采用投料n（SiO2）：n（AlO3）=250的样品,甲醇转化率、丙烯选择性和C=2～C=4选择性分别为100％、39．27％和62．01％。     

POE/PE反应挤出接枝马来酸酐

研究了辛烯-乙烯共聚物，聚乙烯（POE／PE）的掺混比例、马来酸酐（MAH）单体和过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）用量、第二单体的种类、反应温度、螺杆转速、真空度对接枝产品性能的影响情况以及接枝产品与尼龙共混注塑制得的样品的性能，得到了使该种接枝产品使用性能最佳的配方和工艺条件，即POE／PE为75／25；MAH用量1．3％～1．5％（质量分数），DCP用量：0．04％-0．06％（质量分数），第二单体苯乙烯用量为1．2％-1．5％（质量分数），螺杆转速：40-50r／min，真空度0．01MPa,螺筒温度：140～195℃。     

热塑性模制品用阻燃剂

可用作薄壁模制品的阻燃热塑性组合物含有聚欧胺、聚酯和／或聚氧化亚苯基化合物5－99％,红磷（含粘性剂0．01～2％、无机填料2－15％）1～60％,以及其它添加剂0～70％。将500ml含有红磷237.5g,硅灰石12．5g和滑石12．5g的碱性含水悬浮液酸化至pH=8,再加入7ml邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP,含乳化剂0.75％）,在60℃温度下搅拌1h,然后过滤、洗涤并干燥,得一阻燃组合物。该种组合物的5％,尼龙-6663．3％,丙烯酸－丙烯酸丁酯－乙烯共聚物6％,玻璃纤维25％和氧化锌0．7％混合物的弹性模量为8300MPa,UI,－94可燃性（0．79mm）为V－0,1…     

EDTA络合滴定法测定赤泥盐酸浸出液中的铝

考察了EDTA络合滴定法中各影响因素。结果表明,加入1＋1乳酸2mL即可掩蔽溶液中的Ti4＋离子;EDTA的加入量以相对于铝过50％为宜;选用二甲酚橙作指示剂,通过控制溶液pH值可使滴定终点敏锐而准确;加热煮沸2rain～2．5min可使络合反应完全。采用本法测定盐酸浸出液中的铝,RSD（n=6）仅为0．625％-1．266％,加标回收率100．1％～102．3％,测定结果比较稳定。     

成型和改性β沸石对催化裂化轻汽油的醚化作用

制备了催化裂化轻汽油β分子筛醚化催化剂，在小型连续流动固定床反应装置上进行了催化裂化轻汽油的醚化反应。考察了催化剂成型过程中，双组分MoO3／P2O5含量，不同相对分子质量和不同质量分数的聚乙二醇（PEG）、黏结剂r-Al2O3，胶溶剂浓删伤，浸渍氧化物方式、挤条成型与浸渍先后顺序对醚化反应活性的影响。实验结果表明，添加质量分数为10％的扩孔剂PEG-4000。质量分数为20％的黏结剂r-Al2O3，质量分数为10％的浓HNO3，均匀混合挤条成型，再共同浸渍MoO3（1％）／P2O5（3％）制备的Hp分子筛催化剂具有极佳的醚化反应活性。在最佳反应条件（温度70℃，压力0．8MPa，空速1．0h～，醇烯比1．0）下叔碳烯烃转化率达到62．93％，主要醚TAME产率也较高，有良好应用前景。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。