低剂量辐射诱导胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程适应性反应的剂量效应

本研究采用X射线全身照射昆明系雄性小鼠模型,通过流式细胞仪观察低剂量辐射诱导胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程适应性反应的诱导剂量(D1、剂量)及其后攻击剂量(D2剂量)的剂量范围.动物随机分为假照组、D2对照组和D1+D2实验组.结果表明,D1+D2组胸腺细胞凋亡小体百分数不同程度地低于D2组,并且减轻G1和G2+M期阻滞,导致S期DNA合成的细胞增加;当D1达200 mGy时,不再诱导胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程的适应性反应.本实验结果说明,D1在25～100 mGy(剂量率为12.5mGy/mim),D2在1.0～2.0 Gy(剂量率为0.287 Gy/min),接受D1和D2照射的时间间隔为6h,可在全身照射条件下诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡和细胞周期进程的适应性反应.     

低剂量X射线照射诱导体外EL-4淋巴瘤细胞凋亡适应性反应及其可能机制

用 X 射线照射离体 EL-4 淋巴瘤细胞,其诱导剂量(D1)为25-200mGy(剂量率12.5 mGy/min),攻击剂量(D2)为1.5 Gy(剂量率287 mGy/min),D1和D2间隔6 h.通过流式细胞仪检测其细胞凋亡百分数及其相关基因蛋白表达水平.其结果显示,当D1为25-100mGy,D2为1.5 Gy;或D1为75 mGy,D2为0.5-2.0Gy,与D2组比较,D1 D2组细胞凋亡百分数有显著意义降低.当D1为25-100 mGy,D2为1.5 Gy,与D2组比较,D1 D2组Bc1-2蛋白阳性百分数不同程度增加,Bax 蛋白有显著意义降低,Bcl-2/Bax 比值有显著意义增高;p53 蛋白不同程度降低.其结果提示,在 D1 为25-100 mGy,D2为0.5-2.0Gy,可诱导EL-4淋巴瘤细胞凋亡的适应性反应,其相关凋亡基因蛋白Bc1-2、Bax 和p53发生的改变,与其细胞凋亡明显相关,可能在其适应性反应的机制中起到重要的调节作用.     

低剂量12C6+离子辐照对小鼠胸腺、脾脏细胞周期及DNA损伤的影响

研究低剂量12C6+子全身辐照对小鼠胸腺、脾脏细胞周期进程及DNA损伤的影响.以0、10、50、75、100和250mGy 12C6+离子全身辐照小鼠,照射后6h处死小鼠,用流式细胞仪检测受辐照小鼠胸腺、脾脏细胞在各细胞周期的百分率,用彗星电泳技术检测受辐照小鼠胸腺脾脏细胞的拖尾率和拖尾长度.所有照射组G0/G1期胸腺细胞百分率明显低于对照组,(p<0.05),10～100mGy照射组S期胸腺细胞百分率显著高于对照组(p<0.01),所有照射组(G2/M)期胸腺细胞百分率明显高于对照组(p<0.05);所有照射组G0/G1期脾细胞百分率明显高于对照组(p<0.01),S期脾细胞百分率显著低于对照组(p<0.05).彗星电泳结果显示低剂量12C6+离子辐照以剂量依赖的方式引起小鼠胸腺脾脏细胞DNA迁移长度及拖尾率的增加.低剂量的碳离子辐射可促进小鼠胸腺细胞DNA合成,对小鼠脾脏细胞产生抑制作用,使其发生G1期阻滞;同时对胸腺及脾脏细胞造成具有明显剂量效应关系的DNA损伤.     

整体照射后胸腺细胞和脾细胞p16基因转录和蛋白表达的变化

研究X射线全身照射对小鼠胸腺细胞和脾细胞p16基因转录及蛋白表达的影响。采用Northern blot检测p16基因转录水平的变化;采用流式细胞术检测蛋白表达的变化。时程结果表明,2.0Gy照射后4-24h,胸腺细胞p16mRNA水平明显增高,8-48h P16蛋白表达显著增高(p<0.05-p<0.01);照射后4-8h脾细胞p16mRNA水平明显增高,24h P16蛋白表达显著增高(p<0.05)。量效结果表明,0.5-6.0Gy照射后,胸腺细胞p16mRNA水平呈剂量依赖性增高,P16蛋白表达在1.0-4.0Gy组明显高于假照射组(p<0.05-p<0.01);脾细胞p16mRNA水平亦增高,但增幅远低于胸腺细胞,P16蛋白表达在1.0-4.0Gy组明显高于假照射组(p<0.05-p<0.01)。X射线全身照射可诱导胸腺细胞和脾细胞p16基因转录及蛋白表达增高。p16表达参与整体照射诱导细胞G1期阻滞的分子调控。     

X射线全身照射对小鼠胸腺细胞Cyclin B1和p34cdc2蛋白表达的影响

本文采用免疫组织化学法研究了低、高剂量X射线全身照射后不同时间小鼠胸腺细胞CyclinB1和p34^cdc2蛋白表达的变化。结果表明,与假照组相比,75mGy X射线全身照射后8h小鼠胸腺细胞CyclinB1蛋白表达开始升高,12h达高峰,48h恢复至正常水平;而2Gy照射后4h小鼠胸腺细胞CyclinB1蛋白表达开始降低,12h降至最低,24h有回升趋势,48h恢复至假照水平。p34^cdc2蛋白的表达,与假照组相比,75mGy照射后4～48h未见明显变化;而2Gy照射后的时程变化与相同剂量照射后CyclinB1蛋白表达的变化基本一致。提示：低剂量X射线全身照射可诱导小鼠胸腺细胞CyclinB1蛋白表达增强,从而促进细胞周期进程,但对p34^cdc2表达无影响;相反,较高剂量照射导致CyclinB1和p34^cdc2蛋白表达均下降,最终发生G2阻滞。     

半叶马尾藻多糖对辐射损伤小鼠巨噬细胞功能和胸腺细胞周期进程的影响

通过研究小鼠胸腺细胞周期进程、巨噬细胞吞饮和分泌功能的变化,探讨半叶马尾藻多糖(SHP)对辐射损伤小鼠胸腺细胞和巨噬细胞的影响。利用常规方法和流式细胞术分别检测小鼠巨噬细胞的功能和胸腺细胞周期进程。结果发现给予小鼠5 Gy^60Coγ射线单次全身照射(剂量率为0．673Gy／min),小鼠巨噬细胞吞饮功能显著低于正常对照组。但是,在照射前给予SHP(10mg／kg～40mg/kg)组的小鼠巨噬细胞吞饮功能明显高于单纯照射组,小鼠巨噬细胞IL-1分泌功能SHP(20mg/kg～40mg／kg)加照射组也显著高于单纯照射组。5Gy照射引起小鼠胸腺G0／G1期细胞百分率增高,S期和G2／M期细胞百分率减少,SHP(20mg／kg～40mg/kg)可以有效抑制辐射损伤小鼠胸腺G0／G1期阻滞和G2／M期细胞百分率下降,SHP(10mg／kg～40mg/kg)也能够预防辐射损伤小鼠S期胸腺细胞百分率的下降。说明SHP对辐射损伤小鼠胸腺细胞和巨噬细胞有保护作用。     

18.8MeV质子与~(60)Coγ射线诱发人淋巴细胞染色体畸变比较

采用18.8 MeV单能质子和60Co γ射线对2名健康男性外周血进行照射,照射剂量分别为0.0、0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0和5.0 Gy,剂量率为0.5 Gy/min,观察染色体dic+r畸变,分别建立每细胞dic+r畸变率与18.8 MeV单能质子和60Coγ射线的剂量-效应曲线,并对生物效能进行比较.结果表明:18.8 MeV单能质子诱发人外周血淋巴细胞染色体dic+r畸变的最佳回归方程为Y=0.277?D?+0.013?D?2(r2=0.984,p<0.01),60Co γ射线为Y=0.035D+0.039D2(r2=0.991,p<0.01);质子诱发染色体畸变的RBE值的范围是0.91～1.87,质子照射在剂量较低时,有较高的生物效能;质子均匀照射诱发的染色体畸变dic+r在细胞间的分布符合泊松分布,与γ射线一致.     

日本制成辐射影响示意图

即使在相同的辐射剂量下,短时间照射和长时间照射所受的影响也大不相同。有鉴于此,日本电力中央研究所基于它和其它研究机构的科研成果,整理出了每单位时间所受剂量(剂量率)及总剂量(积分值)与其影响的关系图。该图可以清楚地显示出“受辐射照射发生损伤的区域”、“未发生辐射影响区域”,还有介于两个区域之间“被认为活体防御机能增强的区域”。该研究所的实验结果表明,高剂量率(2Gy/min)每周照射一次,用1.8Gy的X线重复照射4次,合计受照7.2Gy后,九成以上的小鼠诱发称为胸腺淋巴肿瘤的癌症。而如果对鼠用1·2mGy/h的低剂量率持续照射一年…     

电离辐射对小鼠胸腺细胞和脾细胞P53基因mRNA和蛋白表达的影响

采用流式细胞术和Northern blot法检测了不同剂量X射线全身照射后,小鼠胸腺细胞和脾细胞中p53基因mRNA和蛋白表达的变化。结果表明,2．0GyX射线全身照射后,小鼠胸腺细胞p53阳性细胞百分数与对照相比,在照后1h开始升高,8h达最高,以后逐渐下降。不同剂量X射线照射后,小鼠胸腺细胞和脾细胞中p53基因mRNA水平的观测结果表明,75mGy及2.0Gy全身照射后1-48h,小鼠胸腺细胞和脾细胞中p53mRNA水平均未见明显的变化;0.5-6.0GyX射线全身照射后4h,小鼠胸腺细胞和脾细胞中p53 mRNA水平亦未见明显的改变。结果提示,X射线全身照射可诱导小鼠淋巴细胞p53蛋白表达,其p53蛋白表达增加是通过转录后机制实现的。     

低剂量~(12)C~(6+)离子束预辐照对小鼠肝脏细胞DNA损伤和周期进程的影响

研究低剂量重离子束预辐照对小鼠肝脏辐射损伤程度的影响.分别用低剂量12C6+离子束全身均匀预辐照处理小鼠,剂量分别为0、0.05、0.1、0.25、0.5 Gy,剂量率为1 Gy/min,4 h后用4 Gy的12C6+离子束全身均匀辐照,照射8 h后用流式细胞仪检测辐照小鼠肝脏细胞在各细胞周期时相的百分率,并用单细胞电泳技术检测辐照损伤小鼠肝脏细胞的DNA损伤程度.结果显示,和对照组相比,低剂量预辐射处理可以减轻辐照损伤小鼠肝脏细胞G0/G1期和G2/M的阻滞,促进肝脏细胞在S期的积累.此外,辐照小鼠肝脏细胞的拖尾率及拖尾长度也显著减少,其中以0.1 Gy处理组效果最为显著(P(0.01).提示:低剂量重离子预辐照能使细胞产生适应性反应,有效减轻辐照小鼠肝脏细胞G0/G1期和G2/M的阻滞,并显著减轻肝脏细胞DNA的辐射损伤程度.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.