共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫情已成为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。为应对突发病毒疫情事件,加快病毒检测并提高检测准确性变得非常重要。中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案》规定了核酸检测和基因测序作为确诊病例的方法,检测结果是对潜伏期人群、疑似病例人群和隔离期人群的新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2)进行确诊的重要依据。对实时荧光RT-PCR检测、数字PCR检测及基因测序方法进行了综述,并对后续监控和生物安全测量(生物计量)标准体系的建立进行了展望。 相似文献
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新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19)疫情大流行引起全球对此重大突发公共卫生事件的高度关注。新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)经过多次突变,出现传染速度加快、免疫逃逸、隐匿性传播等特性,令防控形势至今仍异常严峻。对患者的早发现、早隔离仍然是目前最有效的防控措施。因此,迫切需要快速、高灵敏的检测手段来甄别此病毒,以便及早识别感染者。本文简要介绍了SARS-CoV-2的一般特征,并针对核酸、抗体、抗原及病原体作为检测靶标的不同检测手段及最新进展进行分类概述;对一些光学、电学、磁学以及可视化的新型纳米传感器在SARS-CoV-2检测技术上的应用进行了分析。鉴于纳米技术的应用在提高检测灵敏度、特异性以及准确率上具有优势,本文详细介绍了新型纳米传感器在SARS-CoV-2检测中的研究进展,包括表面增强拉曼基生物传感器、电化学生物传感器、磁纳米生物传感器以及比色生物传感器等,并探讨了纳米材料在新型生物传感器构建中的作用和挑战,为纳米材料研究人员开发各种类型的冠状病毒传感技术提供思路。 相似文献
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2020年伊始,新型冠状病毒引发的肺炎席卷湖北省武汉市,并在短短数周内蔓延至全国各地区,一时间与疫情相关的各类信息牵动人心。文章通过搜集并分析网络平台上具有代表性的“疫情地图”案例,在此基础上从视觉传达与情感化设计的角度进行理论层面探析,让可视化设计在大数据时代更好服务于人民,助力疫情之防控。 相似文献
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Coronaviruses are a well-known family of viruses that can infect humans or
animals. Recently, the new coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread worldwide. All countries
in the world are working hard to control the coronavirus disease. However, many countries
are faced with a lack of medical equipment and an insufficient number of medical
personnel because of the limitations of the medical system, which leads to the mass spread
of diseases. As a powerful tool, artificial intelligence (AI) has been successfully applied to
solve various complex problems ranging from big data analysis to computer vision. In the
process of epidemic control, many algorithms are proposed to solve problems in various
fields of medical treatment, which is able to reduce the workload of the medical system.
Due to excellent learning ability, AI has played an important role in drug development,
epidemic forecast, and clinical diagnosis. This research provides a comprehensive overview
of relevant research on AI during the outbreak and helps to develop new and more powerful
methods to deal with the current pandemic. 相似文献
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为增强对新冠肺炎与普通肺炎的区分能力,协助医护人员对肺炎患者进行胸部CT检测,在人工智能图像分析的基础上提出了一种基于CT图像卷积神经网络处理新冠肺炎的检测方法。首先,搭建一个卷积神经网络模型,通过评估模型深度对检测结果的影响,以选择最佳的网络结构;其次,提出了一种禁忌遗传算法,用以获取网络模型中最优的超参数组合,增强模型的辨识能力;最后,通过最佳的卷积神经网络模型来辨别新冠肺炎与普通肺炎。实验结果表明:所提出的检测算法的准确率、MCC值和F1Score值分别为93.89%,93.32%和91.40%,相对其他模型具有更高的检测精度。 相似文献
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2019年末爆发的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对现有医疗系统造成了巨大压力,各地开始建设新型冠状病毒肺炎的集中治疗临时医院。临时医院排风口排出的气体可能对临时医院新风口或者周围环境造成污染。由于临时医院的设计和建造周期只有6 d~10 d,因此排风环境影响分析一般需要在几小时内完成。基于上述背景,该研究提出了一个临时医院排风环境影响的快速模拟方法。该方法以开源流体力学计算软件FDS为基础,实现了临时医院建筑的快速建模、基于云计算平台的分布式计算、以及有害空气流动的监测和可视化,为临时医院设计阶段的快速分析提供了专门工具。并以武汉雷神山医院为案例,说明了该方法在此次肺炎疫情防疫工作中的应用价值。 相似文献
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From late 2019 to the present day, the coronavirus outbreak tragically affected
the whole world and killed tens of thousands of people. Many countries have taken very
stringent measures to alleviate the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
and are still being implemented. In this study, various machine learning techniques are
implemented to predict possible confirmed cases and mortality numbers for the future.
According to these models, we have tried to shed light on the future in terms of possible
measures to be taken or updating the current measures. Support Vector Machines (SVM),
Holt-Winters, Prophet, and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) forecasting models are
applied to the novel COVID-19 dataset. According to the results, the Prophet model gives
the lowest Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) score compared to the other three models.
Besides, according to this model, a projection for the future COVID-19 predictions of
Turkey has been drawn and aimed to shape the current measures against the coronavirus. 相似文献
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Mohammed A. Al Ghamdi 《计算机、材料和连续体(英文)》2023,76(1):881-894
Considerable resources, technology, and efforts are being utilized worldwide to eradicate the coronavirus. Although certain measures taken to prevent the further spread of the disease have been successful, efforts to completely wipe out the coronavirus have been insufficient. Coronavirus patients have symptoms similar to those of chest Tuberculosis (TB) or pneumonia patients. Chest tuberculosis and coronavirus are similar because both diseases affect the lungs, cause coughing and produce an irregular respiratory system. Both diseases can be confirmed through X-ray imaging. It is a difficult task to diagnose COVID-19, as coronavirus testing kits are neither excessively available nor very reliable. In addition, specially trained staff and specialized equipment in medical laboratories are needed to carry out a coronavirus test. However, most of the staff is not fully trained, and several laboratories do not have special equipment to perform a coronavirus test. Therefore, hospitals and medical staff are under stress to meet necessary workloads. Most of the time, these staffs confuse the tuberculosis or pneumonia patient with a coronavirus patient, as these patients present similar symptoms. To meet the above challenges, a comprehensive solution based on a deep learning model has been proposed to distinguish COVID-19 patients from either tuberculosis patients or healthy people. The framework contains a fusion of Visual Geometry Group from Oxford (VGG16) and Residual Network (ResNet18) algorithms as VGG16 contains robust convolutional layers, and Resnet18 is a good classifier. The proposed model outperforms other machine learning and deep learning models as more than 94% accuracy for multiclass identification has been achieved. 相似文献