现代工业产品的造型设计

在寻求人-产品-环境的和谐统一与协调中,把工程技术与艺术、科学与美学、实用与美观等诸方面有机统一于现代工业产品造型设计中,使产品更具有市场竞争力.     

工业衡器产品的无线通信

工业无线通信是革命性技术,近年来发展迅猛,工业衡器厂商应尽快推出无线化的产品,满足用户的需求。本文首先介绍了三个工业无线通信标准：WirelessHART、ISA100.11a和WIA-PA,然后简述了工业无线通信系统架构,最后详细介绍了工业衡器产品无线化的三个途径：自行开发全套无线产品,通过通用接口与无线模块集成,产品集成。     

基于人机工程学的工业产品虚拟设计研究

从人机工程学与产品设计的关系出发,研究基于虚拟设计的产品设计方法与实现形式,并利用人机交互方式对产品设计模型进行验证,同时利用网络虚拟现实技术对产品设计进行用户间的交互设计与分析,从而达到了从产品人机工程学虚拟设计到产品制造的闭环过程,此方法降低了产品设计成本,提高了产品设计质量.     

一种减少复杂产品ICT切片图像三维重建表面阶次的方法

对于复杂产品的层层ICT切片图像,通过分析计算、数字图像处理和CAD软件等辅助工具,重建出产品的几何模型。文中着重论述怎样将复杂产品的数字化模型,通过NURBS曲线、曲面进行三维重建等方面的应用研究,通过横向与纵向NURBS曲线的微小扩大与缩小来形成小空间重建产品的几何模型。最后通过误差分析得到,不仅使重建后的NURBS曲面的误差没有增大,反而使其表面质量得到了提高。     

工业车辆用安全阀的改进和试验

针对工业车辆常用分片式多路阀中安全阀存在的问题，对其结构进行改进，经过稳态和瞬态特性试验，表明阻尼结构性能良好，叉车在超载２５％条件下，安全阀能保证货叉离地高度符合标准不大于３００ｍｍ的要求。     

A tolerance method for industrial image-based inspection

Although image-based inspection has been applied to a wide range of industrial applications, inspection accuracy remains a challenging issue due to the complexity involved in industrial inspection. The common method adopted in industry is to use a qualified image as a template image to inspect each live image on a pixel-by-pixel basis. In this paper, a tolerance method is presented to replace the template image method. The said tolerance is formed by two indices computed from a sample image, instead of using the whole image for inspection. To ensure an accurate tolerance zone, a neural networks method is used to take the noise and uncertainties in the images under inspection into consideration. To improve neural networks training speed, the Taguchi method is adopted to select a minimum number of the sample images needed for training. Once a tolerance zone is obtained, live images are inspected against it. If the indices of a live image fall inside the tolerance zone, the part is regarded as good, otherwise defective. Three examples are given: one for auto part inspection, one for label inspection, and one for machining part inspection. The inspection accuracy achieved is above 94%.     

用有限元法模拟液压支架强度试验

用有限元法模拟液压支架的强度试验较实物试验周期短、成本低,可用于指导液压支架的设计。由于液压支架的结构件属于钢板焊接件,为了更好地应用有限元法对液压支架刚度和强度进行分析,运用SHELL单元和SOLID单元分别划分钢板结构和其他复杂形状零件,运用绑定接触对单元进行连接,建立了混合单元类型的有限元模型,得到的模型规模小、单元质量好。再合理地施加载荷和位移边界条件,选择顶梁偏载和底座两端集中载荷、顶梁扭转和底座两端集中载荷工况进行分析,得到了较可靠的分析结果。     

用于工业三维点测量的接触式光学探针

为了快速、准确地获得大尺寸工业产品或带有深槽孔工件的关键点三维坐标,本文基于工业近景摄影测量理论、立体视觉技术等,研究并实现了两种工业便携式、接触式光学探针测量系统。研究了测量系统涉及的探针设计、探针标定以及三维点解算等关键技术,设计了点阵式和手持相机式两种适用于不同工业场合的工业探针。针对点阵式探针的测量,提出了一种用于解算探针坐标系与世界坐标系相对关系的点云匹配方法。此外,采用拟合虚拟球的方法准确标定了两种探针的内部参数。最后,通过对比标准球与三坐标测量机的测量结果,得到系统的测量精度可达0.1 mm/m。该精度满足一般大、中型工件的三维点测量精度标准。     

Structure integrity evaluation of gas protective wall for new construction method using strength test and numerical analysis

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - Gas protective walls are safety elements that can withstand the pressure of fires or explosions caused by gas leaks, thus preventing the spread of...     

基于使用心理的机械产品工业设计研究

机械产品的人机关系因涉及的范围很广,正日益受到人们的关注,用户的使用心理是其中重要的一环,故其设计应充分考虑用户的心理特点和内心需求,使得机械产品与用户之间的关系更为和谐.分三个层次解析了设计心理学在产品设计中的地位与作用,并从设计心理学的角度提出了机械产品设计应当遵循的可视性原则、功能预设原则、安全限制原则、信息反馈原则和自然匹配原则等几个心理学原则,为解决机械产品与人之间存在的问题提供有效的途径.     

橡胶带接头疲劳强度测试实验台的研究

阐述了输送机橡胶带的接头疲劳强度测试方法,介绍了实验台的实验机理和控制方式,将输送带的安全性能设为最高等级,以此为参考确定了接头疲劳性能和寿命测试实验条件,计算了输送带的张力及破断力,根据系统张力、功率以及辊子运行速度,对电机和减速器进行选型。     

Application of the CONCAWE biodegradability test for oil products

Information on the biodegradability of an oil product (or its components) is needed for classification and labelling purposes. The extent to which a product can be broken down by microbial attack is usually determined using a ‘ready biodegradability’ test (e.g., OECD 301 Test Guidelines). However, these methods are stringent screening tests and can often underestimate the extent to which a product can be removed from the natural environment by biodegradation. CONCAWE (the European oil companies’ organisation for environment, health and safety) has recently developed a test for determining the potential (or ‘inherent') biodegradability of oil products. This is often more useful for assessing the likely impact of an oil product in the event of its release into the environment. This paper gives examples of CONCAWE test results for a number of base fluids and formulated products, and compares these results with those obtained in a ‘ready biodegradability’ test. Guidance is given on the applicability of data that has been obtained using the CONCAWE method.     

机械产品工业设计中的和谐性研究

构建一个更为和谐的人类社会是全人类共同的理想,包括人与人、人与机械、人与环境、甚至机械与环境等各种关系的和谐。在传统意义的机械产品工业设计中,功能性总是被一再强调,同时其和谐性特征往往被忽略,这种设计观念必须转变。分析了机械产品工业设计的和谐性特征,并阐述了和谐设计不仅是和谐社会的重要组成部分,而且应该在构建和谐社会的指导思想下进行,最终通过几个设计实例总结了在和谐社会背景下机械产品工业设计实现其和谐性这一特征的几条途径。     

一般编码器分析新法

利用逻辑函数“变量互斥理论”分析一般编码器电路．解决了列写真值表的困难和繁琐，使得编码器的分析更加简单、规范。     

A general optimality criterion for strength and stiffness of dual-material-property structures

An optimality criterion is established for combined strength and stiffness requirements per unit weight of structures utilizing materials which may have different strength, stiffness or density for the tension and compression members. In the extreme case this covers the use of different materials for tension and compression members; referred to here as dual-material structures. It is shown that additional considerations are required for statically determinate structures and proof of optimality is given for statically indeterminate and statically determinate cases. In all cases, the optimal structures are based on Michell structural layouts, in which the cross-sectional areas of the structural members are determined to give constant strain energy per unit mass. Material density may be replaced by material cost per unit volume to optimize combined strength and stiffness requirements for minimum material cost.     

一种提高螺栓连接强度的有效方法

介绍提高螺栓连接强度的一般方法，提出一种通过增加钢套的简单方法以增大螺栓的柔度，从而提高螺栓连接强度；并从降低螺栓应力幅方面说明该方法能提高螺栓连接强度，运用能量的方法分析其提高螺栓连接抗冲击的原理。     

一种适用于WIA-PA网络的分层入侵检测方法

工业无线技术是满足工业应用高可靠、低能耗等特殊需求的一类无线传感器网络技术。针对WIA-PA(wireless net-works for industrial automation-process automation)工业无线网络的特点,分析了工业无线网络入侵检测的重要性,设计了一种基于全信道分析仪的分层WIA-PA网络入侵检测和安全数据处理架构,提出了一种适用于WIA-PA网络的分层入侵检测方法,在此基础上,设计并实现了基于WIA-PA的安全管理系统。测试表明,基于全信道分析仪的入侵分析系统能够有效检测网络入侵攻击,基于安全管理者的设备安全入网、密钥管理和安全服务能够在无线环境中得到较好的应用,有效地解决了工业无线网络内部资源受限的问题,提高了WIA-PA网络通信的安全性能。     

A simple method of accuracy enhancement for industrial manipulators

A robot calibration method which includes identification of kinematic parameters and error compensation is presented. The parameter identification process features an easy-to-perform measurement procedure using a low-cost, instrumented, articulated linkage, and with proper planning of the data collection process, the measurement of actual end effector positions can be performed automatically. The basis of the parameter identification approach is akin to that of closed-loop mechanism synthesis. For error compensation, a computation scheme based on the nominal model as opposed to the calibrated one is presented. The resulting algorithm, allowing the exploitation of the closed-form inverse kinematics solutions available for most industrial robots, is computationally efficient and therefore suited for on-line applications. Examples based on simulation studies, devised to include realistic operating conditions, are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. The effects are also investigated of the number of measurements and of the sensor resolution on the overall quality of the identification.     

机械产品加速寿命试验

随着机械产品全生命周期设计和研制技术的迅速发展,机械产品的寿命和可靠性大大提高。对于长寿命机械产品的寿命评定,必须采用加速寿命试验方法。通过产品故障机理分析获取加速应力,建立基于加速应力的加速模型,探讨加速寿命试验统计方法,从而得到产品的常规寿命。本文简述了机械产品的加速寿命试验类型,不同加速应力的故障模型及加速寿命试验的其他因素,给出了加速寿命试验数据的统计方法和正常寿命指标估计,从而大大缩短试验时间,节省试验费用。最后,就加速寿命试验方法的发展趋势进行了分析。