人性化设计在工业产品中的应用

人性化设计是利学和艺术、技术与人性的结合，科学技术给设计以坚实的结构和良好的功能，而艺术和人性使设计富于美感，充满情趣和活力。随着产品的结构和功能越来越复杂，提高操作的效率和使用的宜人性的要求成为设计的任务之一。     

小型制冷装置蒸发器计算机辅助设计

通过小型制冷装置蒸发器的计算机辅助设计，介绍了一种机电产品新颖的现代设计方法。实践证明：计算机辅助设计为机电产品的技术设计和造型设计同时并举，互相渗透，互相制约，提供了良好的环境和条件，并大大加快了设计过程，优化了设计质量；当前，最迫切的问题是如何将ＣＡＤ技术用于生产实践，因为实践应用才能真正推动这一技术的不断发展。     

后现代工业设计与中国传统造物比较

寻求文化品位，对人性的尊重以及对自然尊崇是后现代工业设计与中国传统造物观的共同之点。比较是为了互补和重构。设计是为了人们更好到生活，人性化的设计就是考虑人的各种需求，赋予产品以性灵。     

书籍装帧中的文字版式设计

版式设计是现代设计艺术的重要组成部分．是视觉传达的重要手段，表面上看．它是一种关于编排的学问；实际上．它不仅是一种技能，更实现了技术与艺术的高度统一。版式设计可以说是现代设计者所必备的基本功之一。     

基于“宜人性”设计理念下的食品外卖包装设计

目的 研究宜人性设计理念在食品外卖包装设计中的运用。方法 阐述食品外卖包装融入宜人性设计理念的可行性与紧迫性,从包装材料、包装结构、包装外观入手,探讨了食品外卖包装宜人性设计的设计方法。以“亲兄弟”食品外卖包装设计为例,将宜人性设计理念运用到设计实践中进一步论证。结论 宜人性设计理念使食品外卖包装具有更强的审美性、功能性和人文性。使消费者的精神文化需求得到满足,情感得到关怀,同时也符合绿色环保理念,提升了环境与人文生活品质。     

农业机械产品数字化设计技术及展望

针对数字化设计技术的定义分析了其特点，阐述了当今数字化设计技术研究的热点——计算机辅助概念设计、知识工程、虚拟原型技术；探讨了机械产品数字化设计技术的研究现状及未来的发展趋势，即突出产品创新设计、重视虚拟现实技术、强调产品协同设计；数字化设计技术作为国家中长期科学技术发展规划优先扶持的主题，其应用将会使传统的农业机械设计制造技术发生革命性的变化。     

设施规划与设计

本文阐述了设施规划与设计的内容和特点；介绍了现代化设施规划设计的主要方法和技术；讨论了应用设施规划设计对我国发展经济和技术进步的意义。     

也谈人性化设计

人性是人的本性,人性化是指带有人性性质的事物。那么,人性化设计就应该是体现人性的设计。如果这种理解没有错的话,人性化设计就值得我们思考。     

PM500平面磨床外观设计与造型

根据人机工程学原理对PM500平面磨床的结构与外观进行了研究.分析了机床的造型宜人性设计,完成了造型的再设计,该设计使机床在形态上、色彩上、人机关系上均实现了较大的突破,使机床能更好地体现出技术与艺术的结合,增强了企业产品的市场竞争力.     

民俗文化与礼品包装设计

礼品包装的情感传达是在民俗文化的氛围中被强化的。强调一种人性化的沟通与交流，它体现了“以人为本”的精神实质，并要求从包装的设计上体现对人性的尊重与关怀，营造出一种和谐、舒适的文化氛围。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from