基于VMD-SVD的单向阀微弱故障诊断方法

针对大型往复式机械高压隔膜泵单向阀振动信号中的微弱故障特征难以提取,且磨损击穿故障、卡阀故障及正常状态振动信号难以识别的问题,提出一种基于变分模态分解和奇异值分解的单向阀微弱故障特征提取及诊断方法.首先对振动信号进行VMD分解,再借助能量百分比和方差贡献率筛选出包含丰富故障信息的模态IMF分量,其次对筛选后的IMF分量...     

基于参数优化VMD和样本熵的滚动轴承故障诊断EI北大核心CSCD

针对滚动轴承故障特征提取不丰富而导致的诊断识别率低的情况,提出了基于参数优化变分模态分解(Variational mode decomposition,VMD)和样本熵的特征提取方法,采用支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)进行故障识别.VMD方法的分解效果受限于分解个数和惩罚因子的选取,本文分析了这两个影响参数选取的不规律性,采用遗传变异粒子群算法进行参数优化,利用参数优化的VMD方法处理故障信号.样本熵在衡量滚动轴承振动信号的复杂度时,得到的熵值并不总是和信号的复杂度相关,故结合滚动轴承的故障机理,提出基于滚动轴承故障机理的样本熵,此样本熵衡量振动信号的复杂度与机理分析的结果一致.仿真实验表明,利用本文提出的特征提取方法,滚动轴承的故障诊断准确率有明显的提高.     

奇异值分解和稀疏自编码器的轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障特征提取和分类需要进行有监督训练才能实现等问题,提出了一种基于奇异值分解（SVD）和时域统计特征分析并结合堆栈稀疏自编码器（SAE）以及Softmax分类器实现滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法利用Hankle矩阵对原始数据进行矩阵重构,利用奇异值分解和时域分析对重构后的故障信号进行特征预提取,融合两种特征并输入到堆栈稀疏自编码器中进行特征优化,将优化后的特征输入到Softmax分类器中进行分类识别。实验结果表明,3种工况下10类故障数据的识别准确率均在96%左右,且高于文中其他方法,因此该方法能有效地进行滚动轴承复杂信号的特征预处理以及分类。     

基于变分模态分解和高阶统计量的梯级故障诊断研究

自动扶梯是地铁车站内必不可少的大型公共交通设备,一旦发生故障,小则影响运营,大则引发安全事故;梯级作为自动扶梯的重要结构部位,其固定螺栓松动必然会导致自动扶梯运行异常;针对梯级振动信号故障特征难以提取的问题,提出了变分模态分解(VMD)和高阶统计量(HOS)联合来对自动扶梯故障特征提取;该方法首先对原始振动信号进行VMD分解,得到K个固有模态分量(IMF);然后对主IMF分量进行奇异值分解(SVD)降噪,对去噪后的主IMF分量进行重构得到新的信号;最后通过高阶统计量对新的信号故障特征提取,并利用随机森林分类算法对三类不同的振动信号样本进行分类识别,确定梯级振动故障类型;实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地提取故障特征,实现故障诊断与分类。     

基于参数联合优化VMD-SVM的工业机器人旋转部件故障诊断方法

针对因工业机器人旋转部件故障诊断模型最优参数难以自适应确定导致故障识别率低的问题,提出了一种参数联合优化的VMD-SVM的工业机器人旋转部件故障诊断方法;提出了一种基于遗传变异的改进灰狼算法,该算法采用Logistic混沌映射进行种群初始化,将非线性因子引入位置更新公式,并利用遗传变异策略解决算法陷入局部最优时的停滞现象;基于该算法对VMD和SVM进行参数联合优化;利用参数优化的VMD对故障信号进行分解,对所得的本征模态函数计算改进样本熵以构成特征向量,再输入至参数优化的SVM完成工业机器人旋转部件的故障诊断;仿真和实验结果表明,本文方法能够准确地进行故障诊断,在信号无噪和含噪的条件下准确率最高均达100%,较EMD、LMD、DTCWT、VMD等四种方法具有更优的指标。     

基于SVD-形态降噪的TKEO故障诊断方法研究

针对强噪声干扰背景下微弱故障特征信息难以提取的问题,提出了一种基于奇异值分解(SVD)-形态降噪的Teager能量算子(TKEO)故障诊断方法.首先对轴承振动信号进行SVD,对得到的分量信号进行形态滤波,以滤除噪声干扰;然后利用峭度准则对分量信号进行筛选,并对其进行重构;最后利用TKEO计算重构信号的瞬时能量,得到信号的能量谱,提取振动信号的特征.将提出的方法应用于滚动轴承故障分析,结果表明该方法能清晰地提取故障特征信息.     

基于变分模态分解改进方法的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对滚动轴承早期故障振动信号信噪比低、故障特征提取困难的问题,提出了基 于多相关-变分模态分解(MC-VMD)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先对多加速度传感器采集到的 信号进行多相关处理以突出故障信号特征;然后通过VMD 自适应地将信号分解成多个本征模 态分量(IMFs),运用谱峭度法和包络解调对相关峭度较大的分量进行分析;最后通过包络谱识 别出滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型。将该方法应用到滚动轴承故障实例数据中,实验结果表 明,该方法可有效提取滚动轴承故障特征频率信息。     

基于SVD-AR模型与VPMCD的轴承故障诊断方法

针对强噪声背景下振动信号故障特征难以提取的问题,提出了基于奇异值分解的自回归(SVD-AR)模型,用于提取振动信号的特征,并与变量预测模型模式识别(VPMCD)方法相结合应用于轴承故障诊断.对轴承振动信号进行SVD;然后,利用奇异值差分谱对分量信号进行筛选,对能够反映故障信息的分量信号建立AR模型,提取轴承振动信号的特征信息;采用VPMCD对滚动轴承运行状态进行识别.实验证明了方法的合理性和有效性.     

光纤安防监测信号的特征提取与识别研究综述

光纤安防监测系统信号的特征提取与识别方法是当前的研究热点。光纤振动信号的随机性、非平稳性,以及各种信号的相似性,导致信号的识别容易产生误报现象。识别入侵事件类型的关键是信号的特征提取和高效的识别方法。对光纤振动信号的各种特征提取方法和识别方法进行分析和比较,把特征提取方法分为基于小波分解的特征提取法、基于其他分解模型的特征提取方法和基于波形统计参数的特征提取法;把对光纤振动信号的识别方法分为经验阈值识别方法、支持向量机识别方法和神经网络识别方法,最后对特征提取方法和识别方法进行总结和展望。     

Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm

In order to improve the accuracy of rolling bearing fault diagnosis in mechanical equipment, a new fault diagnosis method based on back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm is proposed. This method use the global search ability of the cuckoo search algorithm to constantly search for the best weights and thresholds, and then give it to the back propagation neural network. In this paper, wavelet packet decomposition is used for feature extraction of vibration signals. The energy values of different frequency bands are obtained through wavelet packet decomposition, and they are input as feature vectors into optimized back propagation neural network to identify different fault types of rolling bearings. Through the three sets of simulation comparison experiments of Matlab, the experimental results show that, Under the same conditions, compared with the other five models, the proposed back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm has the least number of training iterations and the highest diagnostic accuracy rate. And in the complex classification experiment with the same fault location but different bearing diameters, the fault recognition correct rate of the back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm is 96.25%.

     

AKSNet: A novel convolutional neural network with adaptive kernel width and sparse regularization for machinery fault diagnosis

Convolutional kernels have significant affections on feature learning of convolutional neural network (CNN). However, it is still a challenging problem to determine appropriate kernel width. Moreover, some features learned by convolutional layers are still redundant and noisy. Thus, adaptive selection of kernel width and feature selection of feature maps are key techniques to improve feature learning performance of CNNs. In this paper, a new deep neural network (DNN) model, adaptive kernel sparse network (AKSNet) is proposed to extract multi-scale fault features from one-dimensional (1-D) vibration signals. Firstly, an adaptive kernel selection method is developed, where multiple branches with different kernels are used to extract multi-scale features from vibration signals. Channel-wise attention is developed to fuse features generated by these kernels to obtain different informative scales. Secondly, a spatial attention is used for dynamic receptive field to focus on salient region of feature maps. Thirdly, a sparse regularization layer is embedded in the deep network to further filter noise and highlight impaction of the feature maps. Finally, two cases are adopted to verify effectiveness of AKSNet-based feature learning for bearing fault diagnosis. Experimental results show that AKSNet can effectively extract features from multi-channel vibration signals and then improves fault diagnosis performance of the classifier significantly. AKSNet shows better recognition performance in comparison with that of shallow neural networks and other typical DNNs.     

K值优化的VMD在轴承故障诊断中的应用

由于机械设备实际运行状态下环境噪声的影响,轴承早期非平稳振动信号的故障特征难以有效提取。为此,将K值优化的变分模态分解引入轴承的早期故障诊断方法中。首先利用小波包降噪法对轴承实际振动信号进行降噪;然后利用K值优化的VMD算法,通过合理设置参数K,将降噪信号分解为若干本征模态分量,利用峭度值选取最佳分量;最后提取最佳分量的样本熵和排列熵组成特征向量,利用模糊C聚类识别轴承的故障类型。实验结果表明,该方法避免了信号的过分解,能有效提取振动信号特征,实现轴承的早期故障诊断。     

基于鲸鱼算法优化LSSVM的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对轴承振动信号中的故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于改进的鲸鱼算法优化最小二乘支持向量机(least square support vector machine, LSSVM)的故障分类方法.首先,利用变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition, VMD)对原始信号进行分解,使用中心频率法解决VMD中分解参数K值的选取问题;其次,计算每个IMF分量的多尺度排列熵值,提取信号故障特征;再次,针对鲸鱼算法(whale optimization algorithm, WOA)收敛速度慢和精度低的问题,引入冯诺依曼拓扑结构和自适应权重进行改进,可以适当地调整全局搜索能力和局部搜索能力之间的平衡;最后,采用改进后的鲸鱼算法优化LSSVM核函数的参数和惩罚因子,建立滚动轴承故障诊断模型,并利用美国凯斯西储大学提供的轴承数据集进行仿真实验.实验结果表明,所提方法的故障分类性能更好,准确率更高.     

基于改进FOA算法优化WKELM的医疗滚动轴承故障诊断技术研究

针对传统小波核极限学习机（Extreme Learning Machine-ELM）应用于医疗滚动轴承故障诊断中识别精度不高且训练速度慢的一系列问题的出现,并针对性的想出一种更好的对滚动转轴发生的故障进行识别的办法,通过对小波核极限学习机算法进行改进的方法。该方法运用改进果蝇算法（LGMS-Fruit-flying Optimization Algorithm, LGMS-FOA）优化小波核极限学习机中的正则化系数和小波核函数中的参数。采用的方法是变分模态分解（Variational Mode Decomposition-VMD）,通过这种方法能够对滚动轴承的故障信号分解为含有故障信息的各模态分量从而提取到故障特征。通过与其他三种算法的实验结果对比证明,基于LGMS-FOA-WKELM的滚动轴承故障诊断方法的识别精度更高且训练时间更短。     

S能量谱特征提取在轴承故障诊断中的应用

准确提取振动信号的特征,是滚动轴承故障检测的关键问题,为此提出一种基于S能量谱特征提取的故障诊断方法。该方法对振动信号进行S变换,得到时频矩阵,并构建S能量谱,对S能量谱进行奇异值分解（Singular Value Decomposition,SVD）分析,得到能够反映S能量谱特征的奇异值,利用变量预测模型（Variable Predictive Model based Class Discriminate,VPMCD）方法,通过建立特征值之间的内在关系,构建故障识别模型。将所提方法应用于滚动轴承故障检测,实验结果表明,S能量谱特征提取轴承故障诊断方法具有较高的正判率。     

改进集成深层自编码器在轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对滚动轴承振动信号故障特征难以自动提取和故障类别难以自动准确识别的问题,提出一种改进集成深层自编码器(IEDAE)方法.首先,改进自编码器的损失函数并设计3种小波卷积自编码器;其次,利用区分自编码器、小波卷积自编码器等5种自编码器构造相应的深层自编码器,并设计“跨层”连接以缓解深层网络的梯度消失现象,实现对轴承振动信号的无监督预训练和有监督微调;最后,通过加权平均法输出识别结果,以保证诊断结果的准确性和稳定性.实验结果表明,改进集成深层自编码器方法能有效地对滚动轴承进行多种工况和多种故障程度的识别,较好地摆脱了对人工特征提取的依赖,特征提取能力和识别能力优于现有其他方法.     

静息态下基于变分模态分解的生命体征检测

传统的无线生命体征监测方法在心跳和呼吸信号的分离方面容易存在谐波残留现象,针对这一情况,提出了一种基于变分模态分解（VMD）的生命信号检测方法。该方法使用毫米波段调频连续波（FMCW）雷达进行生命体征信号获取,根据心跳及呼吸的频率特征,使用VMD算法将主要信号分解为不同模态,保证了各模态之间信号频率范围互不重叠,分离出较为完整且无谐波残留的呼吸及心跳信号。实验结果表明,所提算法能够有效提取出目标的呼吸及心跳信号,且相比传统的模态分解算法具有更高的鲁棒性和稳定性,具有良好的信噪比（SNR）,提高了测量精度和距离。     

基于条件局部均值分解与变量预测模型的轴承故障诊断方法

针对局部均值分解(LMD)方法在分解非线性、非平稳振动信号过程中存在的模态混淆现象,从而影响故障识别准确性的问题,提出了基于条件局部均值分解方法(CLMD)与模式识别变量预测模型(VPMCD)的故障诊断方法。该方法将数字图像处理的频率分辨率方法与LMD相结合,首先确定振动信号中所有局部极值点的频率分辨率,将振动信号分为低频率分辨率区域和高频率分辨率区域;然后对高频率分辨率区域进行LMD分解,可得若干乘积函数(PF)分量;最后用折线将所有PF分量连接起来,经滑动平均处理可得PF分量,提取PF分量的偏度系数和能量系数构成故障特征向量,用于VPMCD故障识别。将该方法应用于轴承故障诊断,实验结果表明,与LMD方法相比,识别效率提高了8.33%,表明了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

A novel RSG-based intelligent bearing fault diagnosis method for motors in high-noise industrial environment

Bearing fault diagnosis is a critical and challenging task for prognostics and health management of motors. The ability to efficiently and accurately classify the fault categories based on sensor signals is the key to successful bearing fault diagnosis. Although various data-driven methods have been developed for fault diagnosis in recent years, automatic and effective extraction of discriminative fault features from high-noise vibration signals generated in the real-world industrial environment remains a challenging task. To tackle this challenge, this paper proposes a novel deep learning method based on the combination of residual building Unit, soft thresholding and global context, called RSG, to solve the complex mapping relationship between vibration signals and different types of bearing faults. The proposed RSG integrates the working mechanisms of soft threshold and global context to achieve effective noise reduction and feature extraction. A comparative analysis is performed to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method. Furthermore, the proposed method is tested on a faulty motor dataset collected by our developed intelligent motor test platform based on Industrial Internet of Things. Experimental results show that our method can achieve an average fault diagnosis accuracy of 98%. Thus, the proposed method proves to be an efficient solution for intelligent bearing fault diagnosis for motors in a high-noise industrial environment.     

A new feature extraction approach based on one dimensional gray level co-occurrence matrices for bearing fault classification

ABSTRACT

Recently, precise and deterministic feature extraction is one of the current research topics for bearing fault diagnosis. For this aim, an experimental bearing test setup was created in this study. In this setup, vibration signals were obtained from the bearings on which artificial faults were generated in specific sizes. A new feature extraction method based on co-occurrence matrices for bearing vibration signals was proposed instead of the conventional feature extraction methods, as in the literature. The One (1) Dimensional–Local Binary Patterns (1D-LBP) method was first applied to bearing vibration signals, and a new signal whose values ranged between 0–255 was obtained. Then, co-occurrence matrices were obtained from these signals. The correlation, energy, homogeneity, and contrast features were extracted from these matrices. Different machine learning methods were employed with these features to carry out the classification process. Three different data sets were used to test the proposed approach. As a result of analysing the signals with the proposed model, the success rate is 87.50% for dataset1 (different speed), 96.5% for dataset2 (fault size (mm)) and 99.30% for dataset3 (fault type – inner ring, outer ring, ball) was found, respectively.